SIST EN ISO 15912:2006
(Main)Dentistry - Casting investments and refractory die materials (ISO 15912:2006)
Dentistry - Casting investments and refractory die materials (ISO 15912:2006)
This International Standard is applicable to dental casting, brazing and refractory investments and refractory die materials, regardless of the nature of the binding system or the particular application. This International Standard classifies investments into types according to their intended use and classes according to the burn-out procedure recommended by the manufacturer. This International Standard specifies requirements for the essential physical and mechanical properties of the materials and the test methods used to determine them. This International Standard also includes requirements for the information and instructions which accompany each package.
Zahnheilkunde - Einbettmassen und hochtemperaturbeständige Stumpfmaterialien (ISO 15912:2006)
Die vorliegende Internationale Norm gilt für dentale Guss-, Löt- und hitzebeständige Einbettmassen sowie für hochtemperatur¬beständige Stumpfmaterialien, unabhängig von der Art der Bindersubstanz oder der speziellen Anwendung.
Diese Internationale Norm teilt die Einbettmassen aufgrund der vorgesehenen Anwendung in vier Typen und entsprechend dem empfohlenen Vorwärmverfahren in zwei Klassen ein.
Diese Internationale Norm legt Anforderungen an die wesentlichen physikalischen und mechanischen Eigen¬schaften der Materialien sowie an die bei der Bestimmung anzuwendenden Prüfverfahren fest.
Diese Internationale Norm enthält auch Anforderungen an die mit jeder Packung zur Verfügung zu stellenden Angaben und Gebrauchsanweisungen.
Art dentaire - Revetements et matériaux pour modeles réfractaires (ISO 15912:2006)
L'ISO 15912:2006 s'applique aux revêtements dentaires à couler, pour le brasage et aux revêtements réfractaires et aux produits pour les modèles réfractaires, quelle que soit la nature du système de liant ou l'application spécifique.
L'ISO 15912:2006 organise les revêtements en différents types selon leur utilisation prévue et en catégories selon le mode opératoire de chauffe recommandé par le fabricant.
L'ISO 15912:2006 spécifie les exigences des propriétés physiques et mécaniques essentielles des matériaux et les méthodes d'essai à utiliser pour les déterminer.
L'ISO 15912:2006 inclut également les exigences relatives aux informations et aux instructions qui accompagnent chaque emballage.
Zobozdravstvo - Polnila in refrakcijski materiali (ISO 15912:2006)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 15912:2006
01-december-2006
Zobozdravstvo - Polnila in refrakcijski materiali (ISO 15912:2006)
Dentistry - Casting investments and refractory die materials (ISO 15912:2006)
Zahnheilkunde - Einbettmassen und hochtemperaturbeständige Stumpfmaterialien (ISO
15912:2006)
Art dentaire - Revetements et matériaux pour modeles réfractaires (ISO 15912:2006)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 15912:2006
ICS:
11.060.10 =RERWHKQLþQLPDWHULDOL Dental materials
SIST EN ISO 15912:2006 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 15912
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2006
ICS 11.060.10
English Version
Dentistry - Casting investments and refractory die materials (ISO
15912:2006)
Art dentaire - Revêtements et matériaux pour modèles Zahnheilkunde - Einbettmassen und
réfractaires (ISO 15912:2006) hochtemperaturbeständige Stumpfmaterialien (ISO
15912:2006)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 September 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 15912:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN ISO 15912:2006 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 15912:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106
"Dentistry" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 55 "Dentistry", the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2007, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2007.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 15912:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 15912:2006 without any
modifications.
2
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15912
First edition
2006-10-01
Dentistry — Casting investments and
refractory die materials
Art dentaire — Revêtements et matériaux pour modèles réfractaires
Reference number
ISO 15912:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006
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ISO 15912:2006(E)
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
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ISO 15912:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Classification. 2
5 Requirements . 2
5.1 General. 2
5.2 Material consistency. 2
5.3 Fluidity . 2
5.4 Initial setting time . 3
5.5 Compressive strength. 3
5.6 Linear thermal dimensional change . 3
5.7 Setting expansion. 3
6 Sampling, test conditions and mixing. 3
6.1 Sampling. 3
6.2 Test conditions . 3
6.3 Mixing. 3
7 Test methods. 4
7.1 Material consistency. 4
7.2 Fluidity . 4
7.3 Initial setting time . 5
7.4 Compressive strength. 7
7.5 Linear thermal dimensional change . 9
8 Manufacturer’s instructions . 12
8.1 General. 12
8.2 Information for use . 12
8.3 Physical properties. 13
8.4 Safety instructions. 13
9 Marking . 13
9.1 Powder container. 13
9.2 Liquid container . 14
10 Packaging . 14
10.1 Powder . 14
10.2 Liquid . 14
Bibliography . 15
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ISO 15912:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15912 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 2, Prosthodontic
materials.
This first edition of ISO 15912 contains the requirements and test methods for dental casting, brazing and
refractory investment and die materials. It cancels and replaces ISO 7490:2000, ISO 9694:1996,
ISO 11244:1999, ISO 11245:1999 and ISO 11246:1996.
In general, this International Standard contains the same or similar requirements to those contained in the five
International Standards it replaces. An exception is the requirement for setting expansion, which has been
removed due to the continuing inability to find a suitably reliable and reproducible test method for all binder
chemistries.
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ISO 15912:2006(E)
Introduction
Dental investment and other refractory materials are used for a variety of applications within the dental
laboratory. Historically, standards were developed on the basis of the chemistry of the binding system used or
specific type of application, resulting in five separate International Standards. This single International
Standard gives the requirements and test methods for dental casting, brazing and refractory investments and
refractory die materials, regardless of the nature of the binding system or the particular application.
This International Standard classifies investments into types according to their intended use and classes
according to the recommended burn-out procedure.
A specific quantitative requirement for setting expansion is not included in this International Standard.
However, if the setting expansion of a gypsum-bonded investment is measured, use of the procedure
contained in ISO 6873:1998 should be considered. This procedure is not recommended for
phosphate-bonded products.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15912:2006(E)
Dentistry — Casting investments and refractory die materials
1 Scope
This International Standard is applicable to dental casting, brazing and refractory investments and refractory
die materials, regardless of the nature of the binding system or the particular application.
This International Standard classifies investments into types according to their intended use and classes
according to the burn-out procedure recommended by the manufacturer.
This International Standard specifies requirements for the essential physical and mechanical properties of the
materials and the test methods used to determine them.
This International Standard also includes requirements for the information and instructions which accompany
each package.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3696:1987, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 1942, Dentistry — Vocabulary
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of dates and
times
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions of ISO 1942 and the following apply.
3.1
dental casting investment material
refractory filler powder and binder system which, mixed with a specified liquid, hardens to form the mould for
casting dental restorations
NOTE Generally, the refractory powder consists of oxides such as silica. Depending upon its chemistry, all the
components of the binder can be in the liquid, or some can be dispersed (as a powder) in the refractory powder. The liquid
can be pure water or a special liquid, as required by the chemistry of the binding system.
3.2
refractory die material
powder mixture of a refractory filler and binder system designed, specifically (when mixed with a particular
liquid) to allow the formation of a hardened die suitable for the production of dental ceramic restorations using
the sintering technique
3.3
brazing investment material
powder mixture of a refractory filler and binder system, designed specifically (when mixed with a particular
liquid) to allow the formation of a cast upon which components are held in place while they are being joined by
brazing
NOTE The cast can be referred to as the model, even though this is a deprecated term.
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ISO 15912:2006(E)
3.4
special liquid
liquid, other than water, supplied by the manufacturer or distributor for mixing with the investment powder
3.5
slow- or step-heating method
heating method in which the burn-out furnace is initially at room temperature, then its temperature is increased
to the end temperature at a programmed rate
NOTE After a time recommended by the manufacturer, the set investment is placed in the burn-out furnace, which is
set at room temperature. The temperature of the furnace is then increased to the end temperature in a series of stages
and at a rate recommended by the manufacturer.
3.6
quick-heating method
heating method in which the burn-out furnace is set initially at the recommended final burn-out temperature
NOTE At a time recommended by the manufacturer, the set investment is placed directly in the heated furnace. The
furnace is maintained at this temperature,
4 Classification
For purposes of this International Standard, investments and refractory die materials are categorized by the
following types.
⎯ Type 1: for the construction of inlays, crowns and other fixed restorations;
⎯ Type 2: for the construction of complete or partial dentures or other removable appliances;
⎯ Type 3: for the construction of casts used in brazing procedures;
⎯ Type 4: for the construction of refractory dies.
There are two classes of casting investment and refractory die material:
⎯ Class 1: recommended for burn-out by a slow- or step-heating method;
⎯ Class 2: recommended for burn-out by a quick-heating method.
5 Requirements
5.1 General
If a manufacturer claims that a given product is suitable for both classes, the material must satisfy the
requirements for both classes.
5.2 Material consistency
When examined in accordance with 7.1, the powder shall be uniform and free from lumps and foreign matter.
If a special liquid is supplied, it shall be free of sediment.
5.3 Fluidity
When measured in accordance with 7.2, the fluidity shall not vary by more than 30 % from the value stated by
the manufacturer.
This requirement shall not apply to silica bonded investments (i.e. products in which an alcoholic solution of
ethyl silicate is used in the binding system).
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ISO 15912:2006(E)
5.4 Initial setting time
When measured in accordance with 7.3, the initial setting time shall not vary by more than 30 % from that
stated by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer gives a range for the initial setting time, the measured initial
setting time shall not vary by more than 30 % from the mid-point of this range.
5.5 Compressive strength
When measured in accordance with 7.4, the compressive strength shall not vary by more than 30 % from that
stated by the manufacturer and in no case shall be lower than 2 MPa.
5.6 Linear thermal dimensional change
When measured in accordance with 7.5, the linear thermal expansion for all four types shall not vary by more
than 20 % from the value stated by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer gives a range for the linear thermal
expansion, the measured linear thermal expansion shall not vary by more than 20 % from the mid-point of this
range.
When measured in accordance with 7.5, the linear firing shrinkage for Type 4 shall not vary by more than
15 % from the value stated by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer gives a range for the linear firing
shrinkage, the measured linear firing shrinkage shall not vary by more than 15 % from the mid-point of this
range.
5.7 Setting expansion
See the Introduction for guidance on setting expansion.
6 Sampling, test conditions and mixing
6.1 Sampling
Use material from a single lot. Use only sealed, undamaged packages that are within the “use before” date.
If a special liquid is recommended by the manufacturer, use liquid from a single lot that is within the “use
before” date.
6.2 Test conditions
Carry out all testing under controlled conditions of temperature (23 ± 1) °C and relative humidity (50 ± 10) % in
a room free from obvious draughts.
Hold all materials and test equipment under these controlled conditions for a minimum period of 16 hours prior
to testing.
6.3 Mixing
Mix according to the manufacturer's instructions. If a range is given for the powder to liquid ratio, use the
midpoint of this range. When a special liquid is supplied, use at the manufacturer’s recommended dilution in
accordance with 8.1 c). If a range of dilutions is given, use the mid-point of this range. If water is required, use
water that complies with grade 3 in accordance with ISO 3696:1987.
6.3.1 Apparatus
The following items may be needed, depending on the manufacturer's instructions.
6.3.1.1 Clean, dry flexible mixing bowl and rigid spatula for hand mixing.
6.3.1.2 Mechanical/vacuum mixer with an appropriate clean and dry mixing bowl.
6.3.1.3 Timer capable of measuring time to an accuracy of 1 s.
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ISO 15912:2006(E)
6.3.2 Procedure
Measure the required mass of powder and the recommended volume of liquid to an accuracy of 1 %.
Pour the liquid into the mixing bowl (6.3.1.1) and add the powder. Commence timing when liquid and powder
make first contact.
Hand spatulate (6.3.1.1) and/or mix mechanically (6.3.1.2) (with a vacuum, if specified) for the appropriate
length of time, according to manufacturer's instructions. If the manufacturer recommends a range of mixing
times, the mid-point of the range shall be used.
7 Test methods
7.1 Material consistency
7.1.1 Testing procedure
Examine the material, as received, visually without the aid of magnification. Use eyesight of nominally normal
visual acuity. Corrective (non-magnifying) lenses may be worn.
7.1.2 Test report
Report whether the product meets or does not meet the requirement for material consistency (5.2). If it does
not meet the requirement for material consistency, state the reason.
7.2 Fluidity
7.2.1 Material and apparatus
7.2.1.1 Clean dry cylindrical ring mould, of length (50 ± 1) mm, of inside diameter (35 ± 1) mm and
constructed from a corrosion-resistant, non-absorbent material.
7.2.1.2 Flat square glass plate, measuring at least 150 mm × 150 mm.
7.2.1.3 Dental vibrator.
7.2.1.4 Scale or rule, graduated in millimetres.
7.2.1.5 Mould-release agent, such as silicone spray or silicone grease.
7.2.2 Number of specimens
Make 2 specimens from separate mixes of investment.
NOTE Three more specimens (from three mixes of investment) are required if one specimen meets the requirement
of 5.4 and the other does not.
7.2.3 Testing procedure
Coat the inside of the ring mould (7.2.1.1) with a thin layer of mould release agent (7.2.1.5).
Mix the investment according to 6.3, using a mass of powder with the appropriate volume of liquid that will
produce a workable mix sufficient to fill the mould. Centre the mould base on the glass plate and place the
plate on the dental vibrator platform. Vibrate the investment mix into the mould until it is slightly overfilled.
Vibrate for (20 ± 2) s. Level the mix flush with the top of the mould. 2 min after the first contact of powder and
liquid, lift the mould vertically from the plate in a smooth action over a period of 5 s, to allow the mix to slump
onto the plate. As soon as the mixed investment has set, measure the largest and smallest diameters of the
set investment base, and record the average value.
Repeat the test and record this second value, the average of the two measurements made on the second
specimen.
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ISO 15912:2006(E)
7.2.4 Evaluation of results
If both results meet the requirement of 5.3, the product complies.
If neither result meets the requirement of 5.3, the product fails to comply.
If one test result meets this requirement and one fails to do so, repeat the test three more times.
If the results of all three of these additional tests meet the requirement of 5.3, the product complies. Otherwise,
it fails to comply.
7.2.5 Test report
The test report shall contain the following information:
a) the average value for every test conducted in accordance with 7.2.3 and 7.2.4;
b) the value for the fluidity given by the manufacturer in accordance with 8.3.2 a);
c) a statement that the product meets or does not meet the requirement for fluidity of 5.3.
7.3 Initial setting time
7.3.1 Material and apparatus
7.3.1.1 Needle penetrometer apparatus, an example of which is shown in Figure 1, and which meets
the following requirements:
a) needle, 50 mm long, of circular cross section and with a diameter of (1,00 ± 0,01) mm;
b) rod of approximate dimensions 270 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter;
c) total mass of the needle, rod and compensating weight of (300 ± 1) g;
d) scale graduated in millimetres;
e) base plate of plate glass, measuring about 100 mm × 100 mm.
7.3.1.2 Clean, dry conical ring mould, constructed from a corrosion-resistant, non-absorbent material,
with an inside diameter of 70 mm at the top and 60 mm at the base, and a height of 40 mm.
7.3.1.3 Mould release agent, such as silicone spray or silicone grease.
7.3.2 Number of specimens
Make two specimens from separate mixes of investment.
NOTE Three more specimens (from three mixes of investment) are required if one specimen meets the requirement
of 5.4 and the other does not.
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ISO 15912:2006(E)
Key
1 needle 5 scale adjustment locking screw
2 rod 6 stand
3 compensating weight (to make up to 300 g) 7 conical ring mould
4 scale 8 base plate
Figure 1 — Example of the needle penetrometer apparatus
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ISO 15912:2006(E)
7.3.3 Testing procedure
Coat the inside of the ring mould with a thin layer of mould release agent and place on the base plate.
Adjust the scale of the penetrometer apparatus to read zero when the needle is in contact with the base plate.
Mix the investment according to 6.3, using a mass of powder with the appropriate volume of liquid that will
produce a workable mix sufficient to fill the mould. Overfill the ring mould with the mix and then level the
surface. Before 50 % of the initial setting time indicated by the manufacturer elapses, lower the needle until it
touches the surface and then release it gently, allowing it to sink into the mix under its own mass. Repeat this
procedure at 15 s intervals, wiping the needle clean after each penetration and moving the sample at least
5 mm, so that the needle does not enter the same place twice. Avoid making any penetration closer than
5 mm to the mould walls. Record the initial setting time as the time from the start of mixing (see 6.3.2) until the
moment when the needle fails to penetrate the investment to a point within 5 mm of the mould bottom.
Repeat this procedure, using a fresh mix of investment.
7.3.4 Evaluation of results
If both results meet the requirement of 5.4, the product complies.
If neither result meets this requirement, the product fails to comply.
If one result meets the requirement and one fails to do so, repeat the test three more times.
If all three of these additional results meet the requirement of 5.4, the product complies. Otherwise, it fails to
comply.
7.3.5 Test report
The test report shall contain the following information:
a) the value for every test conducted in accordance with 7.3.3 and 7.3.4;
b) the initial setting time or setting-time range, given by the manufacturer in accordance with 8.3.2 b);
c) a statement that the product meets or does not meet the requirement for initial setting time (see 5.4);
7.4 Compressive strength
7.4.1 Materials and apparatus
7.4.1.1 One or more sectional or split moulds, to produce cylindrical specimens with a diameter of
(20,0 ± 0,2) mm and a length of (40,0 ± 0,4) mm. Make the mould from a corrosion-resistant material. The
ends of the mould shall be parallel to within 0,05 mm.
7.4.1.2 One or more sectional or split mould extensions, with a diameter of (20,0 ± 0,2) mm and a
length of (20,0 ± 0,4) mm, to produce a cylindrical specimen with a diameter of (20,0 ± 0,2) mm and a length
of (60,0 ± 0,4) mm, when the extension is added to the mould top surface. Make the extension from a
corrosion-resistant material.
NOTE These extensions are required for silica bonded products only.
7.4.1.3 Wax: sticky wax and sheet moulding wax, to be used as appropriate.
7.4.1.4 Flat glass plates, sufficient in size and number to cover both ends of all moulds.
7.4.1.5 Dental vibrator.
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 7
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