SIST EN IEC 61004-5:2020
(Main)Wind energy generation systems - Part 5: Wind turbine blades (IEC 61400-5:2020)
Wind energy generation systems - Part 5: Wind turbine blades (IEC 61400-5:2020)
This part of IEC 61400 specifies requirements to ensure the engineering integrity of wind
turbine blades as well as an appropriate level of operational safety throughout the design
lifetime. It includes requirements for:
• aerodynamic and structural design,
• material selection, evaluation and testing,
• manufacture (including associated quality management),
• transportation, installation, operation and maintenance of the blades.
The purpose of this document is to provide a technical reference for designers,
manufacturers, purchasers, operators, third party organizations and material suppliers, as
well as to define requirements for certification.
With respect to certification, this document provides the detailed basis for fulfilling the current
requirements of the IECRE system, as well as other IEC standards relevant to wind turbine
blades. When used for certification, the applicability of each portion of this document should
be determined based on the extent of certification, and associated certification modules per
the IECRE system.
The rotor blade is defined as all components integrated in the blade design, excluding
removable bolts in the blade root connection and support structures for installation.
This document is intended to be applied to rotor blades for all wind turbines. For rotor blades
used on small wind turbines according to IEC 61400-2, the requirements in that document are
applicable.
At the time this document was written, most blades were produced for horizontal axis wind
turbines. The blades were mostly made of fiber reinforced plastics. However, most principles
given in this document would be applicable to any rotor blade configuration, size and material.
Windenergieanlagen - Teil 5: Rotorblätter von Windenergieanlagen (IEC 61400-5:2020)
Systèmes de génération d'énergie éolienne - Partie 5: Pales d’éoliennes (IEC 61400-5:2020)
l’IEC 61400-5:2020 spécifie les exigences permettant d’assurer l’intégrité technique des pales d’éoliennes ainsi que le niveau approprié de sécurité fonctionnelle tout au long de la durée de vie prévue à la conception. Elle comprend des exigences concernant:
- la conception aérodynamique et structurelle,
- la sélection, l’évaluation et les essais des matériaux,
- la fabrication (y compris le management associé de la qualité),
- le transport, l’installation, le fonctionnement et la maintenance des pales.
Le présent document a pour objet de fournir une référence technique aux concepteurs, fabricants, acheteurs, opérateurs, organismes tiers et fournisseurs de matériaux, et de définir les exigences relatives à la certification.
Sistemi za proizvodnjo energije na veter - 5. del: Rotorski listi vetrnih turbin (IEC 61400-5:2020)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 61004-5:2020
01-oktober-2020
Sistemi za proizvodnjo energije na veter - 5. del: Rotorski listi vetrnih turbin (IEC
61400-5:2020)
Wind energy generation systems - Part 5: Wind turbine blades (IEC 61400-5:2020)
Windenergieanlagen - Teil 5: Rotorblätter von Windenergieanlagen (IEC 61400-5:2020)
Systèmes de génération d'énergie éolienne - Partie 5: Pales d’éoliennes (IEC 61400-
5:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 61400-5:2020
ICS:
27.180 Vetrne elektrarne Wind turbine energy systems
SIST EN IEC 61004-5:2020 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN IEC 61004-5:2020
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SIST EN IEC 61004-5:2020
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 61400-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2020
ICS 27.180
English Version
Wind energy generation systems - Part 5: Wind turbine blades
(IEC 61400-5:2020)
Systèmes de génération d'énergie éolienne - Partie 5: Windenergieanlagen - Teil 5: Rotorblätter von
Pales d'éoliennes Windenergieanlagen
(IEC 61400-5:2020) (IEC 61400-5:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2020-07-21. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 61400-5:2020 E
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SIST EN IEC 61004-5:2020
EN IEC 61400-5:2020 (E)
European foreword
The text of document 88/759/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61400-5, prepared by IEC/TC 88 "Wind
energy generation systems" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by
CENELEC as EN IEC 61400-5:2020.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2021-04-21
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2023-07-21
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61400-5:2020 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
2
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SIST EN IEC 61004-5:2020
EN IEC 61400-5:2020 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050-415 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - - -
Part 415: Wind turbine generator systems
IEC 61400-1 - Wind energy generation systems - Part 1: EN IEC 61400-1 -
Design requirements
IEC 61400-2 - Wind turbines - Part 2: Small wind turbines EN 61400-2 -
IEC 61400-3-1 - Wind energy generation systems - Part 3- EN IEC 61400-3-1 -
1: Design requirements for fixed offshore
wind turbines
IEC 61400-3-2 - Wind energy generation systems - Part 3- - -
2: Design requirements for floating offshore
wind turbines
IEC 61400-23 - Wind turbines - Part 23: Full-scale EN 61400-23 -
structural testing of rotor blades
IEC 61400-24 - Wind energy generation systems - Part 24: EN IEC 61400-24 -
Lightning protection
ISO/IEC 17021-1 - Conformity assessment - Requirements for EN ISO/IEC 17021-1 -
bodies providing audit and certification of
management systems - Part 1:
Requirements
ISO 10474 - Steel and steel products - Inspection - -
documents
ISO 2394 - General principles on reliability for - -
structures
ISO 9000 - Quality management systems - EN ISO 9000 -
Fundamentals and vocabulary
3
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SIST EN IEC 61004-5:2020
EN IEC 61400-5:2020 (E)
ISO 9001 - Quality management systems - EN ISO 9001 -
Requirements
- - Metallic products - Types of inspection EN 10204 -
documents
ISO 16269-6 - Statistical interpretation of data - Part 6: - -
Determination of statistical tolerance
intervals
4
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SIST EN IEC 61004-5:2020
IEC 61400-5
®
Edition 1.0 2020-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Wind energy generation systems –
Part 5: Wind turbine blades
Systèmes de génération d’énergie éolienne –
Partie 5: Pales d’éoliennes
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-8335-6
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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SIST EN IEC 61004-5:2020
– 2 – IEC 61400-5:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Notation . 10
4.1 Symbols . 10
4.2 Greek symbols . 11
4.3 Subscripts . 11
4.4 Coordinate systems . 11
5 Design environmental conditions . 12
6 Design . 13
6.1 Structural design process. 13
6.1.1 General requirements . 13
6.1.2 Building block approach for composite structural design . 13
6.1.3 General blade design process . 14
6.1.4 Design loads . 17
6.2 Blade characteristics . 18
6.2.1 Blade properties . 18
6.2.2 Functional design tolerances . 18
6.3 Aerodynamic design . 19
6.3.1 General . 19
6.3.2 Aerodynamic characteristics . 19
6.3.3 Power performance characterisation (informative) . 20
6.3.4 Airfoil noise (informative) . 20
6.4 Material requirements . 20
6.4.1 General . 20
6.4.2 Material properties for blade design . 20
6.4.3 Qualification of materials for manufacture . 24
6.5 Design for manufacturing . 25
6.5.1 General . 25
6.5.2 Requirement for manufacturing tolerances . 25
6.6 Structural design . 26
6.6.1 General design approach . 26
6.6.2 Structural analysis . 27
6.6.3 Verification requirements . 29
6.6.4 Partial safety factors for materials . 30
6.6.5 Structural design verification. 34
6.6.6 Additional failure modes . 47
7 Manufacturing requirements . 48
7.1 Manufacturing process . 48
7.2 Workshop requirements . 48
7.2.1 General . 48
7.2.2 Workshop facilities . 49
7.2.3 Material handling and storage facilities . 49
7.2.4 Tools and equipment . 50
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IEC 61400-5:2020 © IEC 2020 – 3 –
7.2.5 Personnel . 51
7.3 Quality management system requirements . 52
7.4 Manufacturing process requirements. 52
7.4.1 General manufacturing requirements . 52
7.4.2 Gelcoat application to the mould . 52
7.4.3 Building up the laminate . 53
7.4.4 Adhesive bonding process . 54
7.4.5 Curing . 55
7.4.6 Demoulding . 55
7.4.7 Trimming, cutting, and grinding . 55
7.4.8 Surface finish . 56
7.4.9 Sealing . 56
7.4.10 Additional component assembly processes . 56
7.4.11 Mass and balance . 57
7.4.12 Manufacturing and assembly processes outside controlled environment . 57
7.5 Manufacture of natural fiber-reinforced rotor blades . 57
7.6 Other manufacturing processes . 58
7.7 Quality control process . 58
7.7.1 Manufacturing quality plan . 58
7.7.2 Incoming inspection . 58
7.7.3 Manufacturing and quality control records . 58
7.7.4 Non-conformity process . 59
7.7.5 In manufacture corrective action processes . 59
7.7.6 Final manufacturing inspection and conformity review . 60
7.7.7 Documentation . 60
7.8 Requirements for manufacturing evaluation . 61
8 Blade Installation, operation and maintenance . 62
8.1 General . 62
8.2 Transportation, handling and installation . 62
8.3 Maintenance . 63
8.3.1 General . 63
8.3.2 Scheduled inspections . 63
Figure 1 – Chordwise (flatwise, edgewise) coordinate system . 11
Figure 2 – Rotor (flapwise, lead-lag) coordinate system . 12
Figure 3 – The building block approach . 13
Figure 4 – Typical process for design and analytical evaluation of blade . 15
Figure 5 – Application of limit states design approach for blade verification . 16
Table 1 – Typical manufacturing effects . 33
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SIST EN IEC 61004-5:2020
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
WIND ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEMS –
Part 5: Wind turbine blades
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61400-5 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 88: Wind
energy generation systems.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
88/759/FDIS 88/767/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
Future standards in this series will carry the new general title as cited above. Titles of existing
standards in this series will be updated at the time of the next edition.
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SIST EN IEC 61004-5:2020
IEC 61400-5:2020 © IEC 2020 – 5 –
A list of all parts of the IEC 61400 series, under the general title Wind energy generation
systems, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
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SIST EN IEC 61004-5:2020
– 6 – IEC 61400-5:2020 © IEC 2020
INTRODUCTION
The blades of a wind turbine rotor are generally regarded as one of the most critical
components of the wind turbine system. In this International Standard, a minimum set of
requirements for the design and manufacturing of wind turbine blades are defined.
An approach to a structural design process for the blade is set forth in the general areas of
blade characteristics, aerodynamic design, material requirements and structural design.
Furthermore, in order to efficiently facilitate the transfer of a blade design to the production
environment, this document includes demands for designing for manufacturing.
The requirements for structural design of the wind turbine blade have been developed in a
manner to reward innovation, validation, quality and testing. Specifically, the designer will be
able claim lower partial safety factors based on, among other items, the diligence of the
validation of models and the correlation to testing results.
To ensure a production environment that can facilitate the manufacturing of a blade in
accordance with the design, the manufacturing requirements included in this document
provide a minimum basis for a quality management system and workshop requirements. In
addition, requirements for blade handling, operation and maintenance are described in the
close of this document.
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SIST EN IEC 61004-5:2020
IEC 61400-5:2020 © IEC 2020 – 7 –
WIND ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEMS –
Part 5: Wind turbine blades
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61400 specifies requirements to ensure the engineering integrity of wind
turbine blades as well as an appropriate level of operational safety throughout the design
lifetime. It includes requirements for:
• aerodynamic and structural design,
• material selection, evaluation and testing,
• manufacture (including associated quality management),
• transportation, installation, operation and maintenance of the blades.
The purpose of this document is to provide a technical reference for designers,
manufacturers, purchasers, operators, third party organizations and material suppliers, as
well as to define requirements for certification.
With respect to certification, this document provides the detailed basis for fulfilling the current
requirements of the IECRE system, as well as other IEC standards relevant to wind turbine
blades. When used for certification, the applicability of each portion of this document should
be determined based on the extent of certification, and associated certification modules per
the IECRE system.
The rotor blade is defined as all components integrated in the blade design, excluding
removable bolts in the blade root connection and support structures for installation.
This document is intended to be applied to rotor blades for all wind turbines. For rotor blades
used on small wind turbines according to IEC 61400-2, the requirements in that document are
applicable.
At the time this document was written, most blades were produced for horizontal axis wind
turbines. The blades were mostly made of fiber reinforced plastics. However, most principles
given in this document would be applicable to any rotor blade configuration, size and material.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-415, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 415: Wind turbine
generator systems
IEC 61400-1, Wind energy generation systems – Part 1: Design requirements
IEC 61400-2, Wind turbines – Part 2: Small wind turbines
IEC 61400-3-1, Wind energy generation systems – Part 3-1: Design requirements for fixed
offshore wind turbines
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IEC 61400-3-2, Wind energy generation systems – Part 3-2: Design requirements for floating
offshore wind turbines
IEC 61400-23, Wind turbines – Part 23: Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades
IEC 61400-24, Wind energy generation systems – Part 24: Lightning protection
ISO/IEC 17021-1, Conformity assessment – Requirements for bodies providing audit and
certification of management systems – Part 1: Requirements
ISO 10474, Steel and steel products – Inspection documents
ISO 2394, General principles on reliability for structures
ISO 9000, Quality management systems – Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO 9001, Quality management systems – Requirements
EN 10204, Metallic products – Types of inspection documents
ISO 16269-6, Statistical interpretation of data – Part 6: Determination of statistical tolerance
intervals
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in
IEC 60050-415 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
blade root
that part of the rotor blade that is connected to the hub/pitch-bearing of the rotor
3.2
blade subsystem
integrated set of items that accomplish a defined objective or function within the blade (e.g.,
lightning protection subsystem, aerodynamic braking subsystem, monitoring subsystem,
aerodynamic control subsystem, etc.)
3.3
buckling
instability characterized by a non-linear increase in out of plane deflection with a change in
local compressive load
3.4
characteristic value
value having a prescribed probability of not being attained (i.e. an exceedance probability of
less than or equal to a prescribed amount)
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IEC 61400-5:2020 © IEC 2020 – 9 –
3.5
chord
length of a reference straight line that joins the leading and trailing edges of a blade aerofoil
cross-section at a given spanwise location
3.6
creep
time-dependant increase in strain under a sustained load
3.7
design limits
maximum or minimum values used in a design
3.8
design loads
loads the blade is designed to withstand, including appropriate partial safety factors
3.9
design properties
material and geometric properties (including design limits)
3.10
edgewise
direction that is parallel to the local chord
3.11
environmental conditions
characteristics of the environment (wind, altitude, temperature, humidity, etc.) which may
affect the wind turbine blade behaviour
3.12
flapwise
direction that is perpendicular to the surface swept by the undeformed rotor blade axis
3.13
flatwise
direction that is perpendicular to the local chord, and spanwise blade axis
3.14
inboard
towards the blade root
3.15
lead-lag
direction that is parallel to the plane of the swept surface and perpendicular to the longitudinal
axis of the undeformed rotor blade
3.16
limit state
state of a structure and the loads acting upon it, beyond which the structure no longer
satisfies the design requirement
3.17
load envelope
collection of maximum design loads in all directions and spanwise positions
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3.18
natural frequency
eigen frequency
frequency at which a structure will vibrate when perturbed and allowed to vibrate freely
3.19
partial safety factors
factors th
...
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