SIST ISO 12233:2017
Photography - Electronic still picture imaging - Resolution and spatial frequency responses
Photography - Electronic still picture imaging - Resolution and spatial frequency responses
ISO 12233:2017 specifies methods for measuring the resolution and the SFR of electronic still-picture cameras. It is applicable to the measurement of both monochrome and colour cameras which output digital data or analogue video signals.
Photographie - Imagerie des prises de vues électroniques - Résolution et réponses en fréquence spatiale
Fotografija - Elektronsko prikazovanje mirujočih slik - Resolucija (ločljivost) in frekvenčni odzivi v prostoru
Ta dokument določa metode za merjenje ločljivosti in frekvenčnega odziva v prostoru (SFR) elektronskih fotoaparatov
za mirujoče slike. Uporablja se za merjenje monokromatskih in barvnih fotoaparatov, ki oddajajo
digitalne podatke ali analogne video signale.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12233
Third edition
2017-01
Photography — Electronic still picture
imaging — Resolution and spatial
frequency responses
Photographie — Imagerie des prises de vues électroniques —
Résolution et réponses en fréquence spatiale
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test conditions . 5
4.1 Test chart illumination . 5
4.2 Camera framing and lens focal length setting . 5
4.3 Camera focusing . 6
4.4 Camera settings . 6
4.5 White balance. 6
4.6 Luminance and colour measurements . 6
4.7 Gamma correction . 6
5 Visual resolution measurement . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Test chart. 7
5.2.1 General. 7
5.2.2 Material . 7
5.2.3 Size . 7
5.2.4 Test patterns . 7
5.2.5 Test pattern modulation . 8
5.2.6 Positional tolerance . 8
5.3 Rules of judgement for visual observation . 8
5.3.1 Rules of judgement . 8
5.3.2 An example of a correct visual judgement . 9
6 Edge-based spatial frequency response (e-SFR) . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.2 Methodology .10
6.2.1 Selection of the edge region of interest (ROI) . .10
6.2.2 Transformation into effective exposure .10
6.2.3 Estimation of the location of the edge .10
6.2.4 Formation of a super-sampled line spread function array .12
6.2.5 Computation of the e-SFR .13
7 Sine-based spatial frequency response (s-SFR) measurement .13
8 Presentation of results .14
8.1 General .14
8.2 Resolution .14
8.2.1 General.14
8.2.2 Basic presentation .14
8.2.3 Representative presentation .14
8.3 Spatial frequency response (SFR) .15
8.3.1 General.15
8.3.2 Spatial frequency response . .15
8.3.3 Report of resolution value derived from the s-SFR .16
Annex A (informative) CIPA resolution test chart .17
Annex B (informative) Visual resolution measurement software .23
Annex C (informative) Low contrast edge SFR test chart with OECF patches .28
Annex D (normative) Edge spatial frequency response (e-SFR) algorithm .30
Annex E (normative) Sine wave star test chart .33
Annex F (normative) Sine wave spatial frequency response (s-SFR) analysis algorithm .35
Annex G (informative) Colour-filtered resolution measurements .39
Annex H (informative) Units and summary metrics .41
Annex I (informative) Original test chart defined in ISO 12233:2000 .44
Bibliography .48
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i so .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 12233:2014), of which it constitutes a
minor revision with changes in Annex D.
Introduction
Purpose
The spatial resolution capability is an important attribute of an electronic still-picture camera.
Resolution measurement standards allow users to compare and verify spatial resolution measurements.
This document defines terminology, test charts, and test methods for performing resolution
measurements for analogue and digital electronic still-picture cameras.
Technical background
For consumer digital cameras, the term resolution is often incorrectly interpreted as the number of
addressable photoelements. While there are existing protocols for determining camera pixel counts,
these are not to be confused with the interpretation of resolution as addressed in this document.
Qualitatively, resolution is the ability of a camera to optically capture finely spaced detail, and is usually
reported as a single valued metric. Spatial frequency response (SFR) is a multi-valued metric that
measures contrast loss as a function of spatial frequency. Generally, contrast decreases as a function of
spatial frequency to a level where detail is no longer visually resolved. This limiting frequency value is
the resolution of the camera. A camera’s resolution and its SFR are determined by a number of factors.
These include, but are not limited to, the performance of the camera lens, the number of addressable
photoelements in the optical imaging device, and the electrical circuits in the camera, which can include
image compression and gamma correction functions.
While resolution and SFR are related metrics, their difference lies in their comprehensiveness and uti
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 12233:2014
)RWRJUDILMD(OHNWURQVNRSULND]RYDQMHPLUXMRþLKVOLN5HVROXFLMD ORþOMLYRVW LQ
IUHNYHQþQLRG]LYLYSURVWRUX
Photography - Electronic still picture imaging - Resolution and spatial frequency
responses
Photographie - Imagerie des prises de vues électroniques - Résolution et réponses en
fréquence spatiale
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 12233:2017
ICS:
37.040.10 Fotografska oprema. Photographic equipment.
Projektorji Projectors
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12233
Third edition
2017-01
Photography — Electronic still picture
imaging — Resolution and spatial
frequency responses
Photographie — Imagerie des prises de vues électroniques —
Résolution et réponses en fréquence spatiale
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test conditions . 5
4.1 Test chart illumination . 5
4.2 Camera framing and lens focal length setting . 5
4.3 Camera focusing . 6
4.4 Camera settings . 6
4.5 White balance. 6
4.6 Luminance and colour measurements . 6
4.7 Gamma correction . 6
5 Visual resolution measurement . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Test chart. 7
5.2.1 General. 7
5.2.2 Material . 7
5.2.3 Size . 7
5.2.4 Test patterns . 7
5.2.5 Test pattern modulation . 8
5.2.6 Positional tolerance . 8
5.3 Rules of judgement for visual observation . 8
5.3.1 Rules of judgement . 8
5.3.2 An example of a correct visual judgement . 9
6 Edge-based spatial frequency response (e-SFR) . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.2 Methodology .10
6.2.1 Selection of the edge region of interest (ROI) . .10
6.2.2 Transformation into effective exposure .10
6.2.3 Estimation of the location of the edge .10
6.2.4 Formation of a super-sampled line spread function array .12
6.2.5 Computation of the e-SFR .13
7 Sine-based spatial frequency response (s-SFR) measurement .13
8 Presentation of results .14
8.1 General .14
8.2 Resolution .14
8.2.1 General.14
8.2.2 Basic presentation .14
8.2.3 Representative presentation .14
8.3 Spatial frequency response (SFR) .15
8.3.1 General.15
8.3.2 Spatial frequency response . .15
8.3.3 Report of resolution value derived from the s-SFR .16
Annex A (informative) CIPA resolution test chart .17
Annex B (informative) Visual resolution measurement software .23
Annex C (informative) Low contrast edge SFR test chart with OECF patches .28
Annex D (normative) Edge spatial frequency response (e-SFR) algorithm .30
Annex E (normative) Sine wave star test chart .33
Annex F (normative) Sine wave spatial frequency response (s-SFR) analysis algorithm .35
Annex G (informative) Colour-filtered resolution measurements .39
Annex H (informative) Units and summary metrics .41
Annex I (informative) Original test chart defined in ISO 12233:2000 .44
Bibliography .48
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i so .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 12233:2014), of which it constitutes a
minor revision with changes in Annex D.
Introduction
Purpose
The spatial resolution capability is an important attribute of an electronic still-picture camera.
Resolution measurement standards allow users to compare and verify spatial resolution measurements.
This document defines terminology, test charts, and test methods for performing resolution
measurements for analogue and digital electronic still-picture cameras.
Technical background
For consumer digital cameras, the term resolution is often incorrectly interpreted as the number of
addressable photoelements. While there are existing protocols for determining camera pixel counts,
these are not to be confused with the interpretation of res
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12233
Third edition
2017-01
Photography — Electronic still picture
imaging — Resolution and spatial
frequency responses
Photographie — Imagerie des prises de vues électroniques —
Résolution et réponses en fréquence spatiale
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test conditions . 5
4.1 Test chart illumination . 5
4.2 Camera framing and lens focal length setting . 5
4.3 Camera focusing . 6
4.4 Camera settings . 6
4.5 White balance. 6
4.6 Luminance and colour measurements . 6
4.7 Gamma correction . 6
5 Visual resolution measurement . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Test chart. 7
5.2.1 General. 7
5.2.2 Material . 7
5.2.3 Size . 7
5.2.4 Test patterns . 7
5.2.5 Test pattern modulation . 8
5.2.6 Positional tolerance . 8
5.3 Rules of judgement for visual observation . 8
5.3.1 Rules of judgement . 8
5.3.2 An example of a correct visual judgement . 9
6 Edge-based spatial frequency response (e-SFR) . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.2 Methodology .10
6.2.1 Selection of the edge region of interest (ROI) . .10
6.2.2 Transformation into effective exposure .10
6.2.3 Estimation of the location of the edge .10
6.2.4 Formation of a super-sampled line spread function array .12
6.2.5 Computation of the e-SFR .13
7 Sine-based spatial frequency response (s-SFR) measurement .13
8 Presentation of results .14
8.1 General .14
8.2 Resolution .14
8.2.1 General.14
8.2.2 Basic presentation .14
8.2.3 Representative presentation .14
8.3 Spatial frequency response (SFR) .15
8.3.1 General.15
8.3.2 Spatial frequency response . .15
8.3.3 Report of resolution value derived from the s-SFR .16
Annex A (informative) CIPA resolution test chart .17
Annex B (informative) Visual resolution measurement software .23
Annex C (informative) Low contrast edge SFR test chart with OECF patches .28
Annex D (normative) Edge spatial frequency response (e-SFR) algorithm .30
Annex E (normative) Sine wave star test chart .33
Annex F (normative) Sine wave spatial frequency response (s-SFR) analysis algorithm .35
Annex G (informative) Colour-filtered resolution measurements .39
Annex H (informative) Units and summary metrics .41
Annex I (informative) Original test chart defined in ISO 12233:2000 .44
Bibliography .48
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i so .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 12233:2014), of which it constitutes a
minor revision with changes in Annex D.
Introduction
Purpose
The spatial resolution capability is an important attribute of an electronic still-picture camera.
Resolution measurement standards allow users to compare and verify spatial resolution measurements.
This document defines terminology, test charts, and test methods for performing resolution
measurements for analogue and digital electronic still-picture cameras.
Technical background
For consumer digital cameras, the term resolution is often incorrectly interpreted as the number of
addressable photoelements. While there are existing protocols for determining camera pixel counts,
these are not to be confused with the interpretation of resolution as addressed in this document.
Qualitatively, resolution is the ability of a camera to optically capture finely spaced detail, and is usually
reported as a single valued metric. Spatial frequency response (SFR) is a multi-valued metric that
measures contrast loss as a function of spatial frequency. Generally, contrast decreases as a function of
spatial frequency to a level where detail is no longer visually resolved. This limiting frequency value is
the resolution of the camera. A camera’s resolution and its SFR are determined by a number of factors.
These include, but are not limited to, the performance of the camera lens, the number of addressable
photoelements in the optical imaging device, and the electrical circuits in the camera, which can include
image compression and gamma correction functions.
While resolution and SFR are related metrics, their difference lies in their comprehensiveness and uti
...
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