GRT - Graphical technology

This document specifies viewing conditions for images on both reflective and transmissive media, such as prints (both photographic and photomechanical) and transparencies.
This document applies to
— critical evaluation of and comparison between transparencies, backlighted signs, reflection photographic or photomechanical prints and/or a reference object or image,
— appraisal of the tone reproduction and colourfulness of prints and transparencies at illumination levels similar to those for practical use, including routine inspection, and
— critical appraisal of transparencies which are viewed by projection, for comparison with prints, objects, or other reproductions.
This document is not applicable to soft-proofing displays, for paper manufacture, and other applications outside of graphic technology and photography.

This document defines terms used in digital imaging.

This document defines the layout and colorimetric values of targets for use in the calibration of a photographic product/input scanner combination (as used in the preparatory process for printing and publishing). One target is defined for positive colour transparency film and another is defined for colour photographic paper.

This document specifies methods for measuring the resolution and the spatial frequency response (SFR) of digital cameras. It is applicable to the measurement of both monochrome and colour cameras which output digital data.

This document provides safety requirements specific to binding and finishing equipment and systems. It provides additional safety requirements for the design and construction of new equipment used to convert printed or blank substrates into cut, folded, collated, assembled, bound, or otherwise finished product.
This document is applicable to processes for preparing substrate for the printing process. It is also applicable to a wide range of equipment used in the binding and finishing process.

This document applies to processless lithographic plates and specifies evaluation methods for lithographic plate characteristics, on-press development performance, usability and print image quality.
It specifies measurement conditions for materials and equipment and provides guidelines for the selection of suitable processless lithographic plates by a printing organization and requirements for comparative assessment tests.
The assessment of waterless lithographic plates is out of scope of this document.
NOTE Some of these methods can be used for the evaluation of all classes of lithographic plate.
This document specifies measurement conditions for materials and equipment and provides guidelines for the selection of suitable processless lithographic plates by a printing organization and requirements for comparative assessment tests.

This document defines an extended colour-gamut output-referred RGB colour image encoding designated as European Colour Initiative RGB [eciRGB (2008)]. Digital images encoded using eciRGB (2008) can be manipulated, stored, transmitted, displayed, or printed by digital still picture imaging systems. Two precision levels are defined, using 8 bits/channel and 16 bits/channel.

This document describes four methods for the adjustment of the digital content data that is input to a printing system to achieve consistency in the printed results among a number of presses printing to the same general aim conditions. These four methods are generally identified as:
1) matching of tone value curves (TVI and CTV),  
2) use of near-neutral scales,  
3) colour-optimised correction curve set, and
4) use of CMYK to CMYK multi-dimensional transforms.
The procedures for establishing the aim condition for the necessary correction curves, the procedures for determining the individual correction curves, and a comparison of the applicability of these four methods are included.
These adjustment procedures are intended for use with printing systems that use CMYK colourants. Such systems are not restricted to those that use traditional ink on paper printing but can involve other marking technologies such as those used for proofing and/or digital printing.

This document provides safety requirements specific to stand-alone platen presses.
This document provides additional safety requirements for the design and construction of manually-fed stand-alone platen presses, for single stroke mode, dwell mode, and continuous operation mode for cutting and creasing, embossing, foil stamping and/or printing of paper, board and other materials processed in a similar manner.
This document does not apply to presses designed to handle metal material other than foil.

This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to converting equipment and systems used in the corrugated board, package printing, converting and graphic technology industries (see Clause 5), when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
This document is applicable to converting equipment not covered by other parts of ISO 12643.
This document is not applicable to the machinery or machinery components manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document provides safety requirements specific to prepress and press equipment and systems.
This document provides additional safety requirements for the design and construction of new prepress and press equipment, and the auxiliary equipment integrated into the press control system.
This document is not applicable to prepress and press equipment and systems manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document provides safety specifications for the design and construction of new equipment used in prepress systems, printing press systems, binding and finishing systems, converting systems, corrugated board manufacturing systems and stand‑alone platen presses. It is applicable to equipment used in stand-alone mode, or in combination with other machines, including ancillary equipment, in which all the machine actuators (e.g. drives) of the equipment are controlled by the same control system.
The requirements given in this document are applicable to the equipment covered by ISO 12643 (all parts), unless otherwise noted. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the applicable part of ISO 12643 that contains additional requirements specific to a particular type of equipment.
This document addresses recognized significant hazards specific to equipment and systems in the following areas:
—     mechanical;
—     electrical;
—     slipping, tripping, falling;
—     ergonomics;
—     noise;
—     UV and laser radiation;
—     fire and explosion;
—     thermal;
—     substances and material used for processing;
—     failure, malfunction of control system;
—     other types of emissions [e.g. ozone, ink mist, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), etc.].
This document is not applicable to:
—     equipment manufactured before the date of its publication;
—     ordinary office equipment for digital printing and paper processing, such as digital printers, copiers, sorters, binders and staplers, which is intended for use outside the printing and paper industry;
—     winder-slitters and sheeters in paper finishing (sheeters with unwinders);
—     office-type collating machines equipped with friction feeders;
—     mail processing machines;
—     machines used for filling packages (such as machines for shaping, filling, and closing the package); and
—     textile printing presses.
The safety principles established in this document can also be applicable to the design of equipment within areas of technology that are not specified in ISO 12643 (all parts).

This document describes test methods for determining the long-term dark storage stability of colour photographic images and the colour stability of such images when subjected to certain illuminants at specified temperatures and relative humidities.
This document is applicable to colour photographic images made with traditional, continuous-tone photographic materials with images formed with dyes. These images are generated with chromogenic, silver dye-bleach, dye transfer, and dye-diffusion-transfer instant systems. The tests have not been verified for evaluating the stability of colour images produced with dry- and liquid-toner electrophotography, thermal dye transfer (sometimes called dye sublimation), ink jet, pigment-gelatin systems, offset lithography, gravure and related colour imaging systems. If these reflection print materials, including silver halide (chromogenic), are digitally printed, refer to ISO 18936, ISO 18941, ISO 18946, and ISO 18949 for dark stability tests, and the ISO 18937 series for light stability tests.
This document does not include test procedures for the physical stability of images, supports or binder materials. However, it is recognized that in some instances, physical degradation such as support embrittlement, emulsion cracking or delamination of an image layer from its support, rather than image stability, will determine the useful life of a colour film or print material.

This document specifies methods for measuring and reporting the noise versus signal level and dynamic range of digital still cameras. It applies to both monochrome and colour electronic digital still cameras.

This document defines print quality metrics, measurement methods and reporting requirements for printed sheets that are suitable for all classes of printed products.
Guidance as to which of these metrics to apply to any given product category along with acceptable conformance criteria is provided in subsequent parts of ISO/TS 15311.
Although this document is expected to be used primarily to measure prints from digital printing systems, the metrics are general and can be applied to other kinds of print.

This document specifies a family of scene-referred extended colour gamut RGB colour image encodings designated as reference input medium metric RGB (RIMM RGB). Digital images encoded using RIMM RGB can be manipulated, stored, transmitted, displayed or printed by digital still picture imaging systems. Three precision levels are defined using 8-, 12- and 16-bits/channel.
An extended luminance dynamic range version of RIMM RGB is also defined, designated as extended reference input medium metric RGB (ERIMM RGB). Two precision levels of ERIMM RGB are defined using 12- and 16-bits/channel.
FP-RIMM RGB, a floating point version of RIMM RGB, defines the expression method of RIMM RGB in a floating point figure. Three precision levels of FP-RIMM RGB are defined using 16-, 32- and 64-bits/channel.

This document specifies a method of measuring the visual opacity of printed specimens of white ink. It is applicable to printing opaque white ink on transparent and white or coloured opaque substrates.

This document provides guidelines and a procedure to generate a multicolour characterization dataset. Specifications for colour printing with CMYK + Orange, Green, and Violet are presented. Also, this document provides a recommendation on CMYKOGV ink pigment selections to produce an optimum colour gamut for specific printing processes or use cases. The recommended CMYKOGV ink pigment selections might not be suitable or available for all printing or digital processes or use cases. The procedure in this document is also applicable for CMYK plus any subset of O, G or V.

This document specifies the set of metadata to be used to communicate the approval status, proof preparation and viewing parameters for images and documents that are used in the graphic arts print production workflow.

This document specifies symbols for use in copy preparation and proof correction in alphabetic languages and in logographic languages. It is applicable to texts submitted for correction whatever their nature or presentation (manuscripts, typescripts, printer’s proofs, etc.) and for marking up copy for all methods of composition.
Symbols for the correction of mathematical texts and colour illustrations are not included.

This document defines an exchange format for colour and process control data (and the associated metadata necessary for its proper interpretation) in electronic form using either XML or ASCII formatted data files. This exchange format maintains human readability of the data as well as enabling machine readability. It includes a series of predefined tags and keywords, and provides extensibility through provision for the dynamic definition of additional tags and keywords as necessary. It is focused primarily on spectral measurement data, colorimetric data, and densitometric data.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with other standards that will define the required data, and tags or keywords for specific data exchange applications.

This document specifies a test method for preparation of test prints produced with liquid printing inks, either water-based, solvent-based or radiation cured printing inks as used in flexography and gravure printing. Such test prints are intended to be used for reflection-based measurements, such as colorimetry and optical density as well as for testing light fastness, and the resistance of printing inks to mechanical and chemical attack regarding either printing ink and/or substrate. This document is not applicable to inks for ink jet printing.

This document provides a uniform basis for determining the exposure times for all types of shutters used in still cameras and contains suitable definitions of the terms used.
It specifies the exposure-time markings for all types of shutters and their tolerances.
The characteristics of all types of mechanical shutters, which are mounted in still cameras and affect the control of exposure, motion-stopping ability and synchronization with a photoflash light source are also defined.
The tolerances specified are the target values for the shutter performance that can be expected to give good results. They are not intended for application as a general inspection standard in controlling the performance of mechanical shutters, since tolerances may vary with the feature and price class of camera tested.
Test methods are described for routine manufacturing testing and quality control. These test methods require access to the focal plane of the camera and can therefore not be applied to assembled digital still cameras.

This document defines procedures to measure and compare the colour gamuts of RGB and CMYK printing processes.
It is not applicable to other printing processes.

This document provides a framework that organisations can follow, and that can be used as the structure for market or sector specific schemes. It is intended to be a process certification.
The goal of this document is to have comparable attestations or certifications worldwide.

This document specifies a set of standard large gamut colour images (encoded as 16-bit CIELAB digital data) that can be used for the evaluation of changes in image quality during coding, image processing (including transformation, compression and decompression), displaying on a colour monitor and printing. These images can be used for research, testing and assessing of output systems such as printers, colour management systems and colour profiles.

This document establishes a vocabulary of terms and definitions used in respect of the permanence of imaging materials, related storage materials and digital storage media.
In most cases these terms and definitions are generic and are applicable to the entire imaging industry. For terms and definitions specific to particular applications, refer to industry standards. However, in some cases the definition of a term is still evolving and/or is used by different user groups in different ways. In this case a definition fit for use in Imaging Materials – Permanence work is given and a note to this effect is included.

This document specifies the width, length and thickness of metal lithographic printing plates (referred to hereafter as “plates”). For plates to be used in computer to plate (CtP) applications, flatness, edge straightness and burr requirements are also included. These requirements are applicable to unprocessed plates.

This document specifies methods of assessing the resistance of printed materials to liquid and solid agents, solvents, varnishes and acids.
It applies to printing on all substrates by any of the traditional printing process (offset, screen, gravure, flexo) as well as the newer digital processes (inkjet, electrophotography).
Aspects of food safety and consumer protection for food contact materials are not covered.

This document specifies a test procedure for the preparation of test prints on paper, board, metals, foils and other suitable substrates using paste inks, such as for offset and letterpress printing, using electrically driven IGT-type and prüfbau-type printability testers.
This document describes the procedure for reference optical density and reference ink film thickness.
This document describes the method as used on the current models of testers. Most of the described procedures are also applicable in analogy to the older models but can require additional steps to be executed or recalculation of the settings to make them conform to this document

This document specifies requirements for a security printing management system for security printers.
This document specifies a minimum set of security printing management system requirements. Organizations ensure that customer security requirements are met as appropriate, provided these do not conflict with the requirements of this document.

This document specifies requirements that can be used for determining the conformance of systems that produce a hard-copy validation print, directly from digital data, which is intended to simulate the expected appearance of material printed in accordance with a characterized printing condition.
It is not intended for use in determining the conformance of production printing systems (digital or conventional) since many aspects of production printing are not covered in this document.

This document specifies safety requirements.
This document is applicable to pulpers and their loading facilities intended for use in paper making as well as for pulpers used in pulp drying machines and is intended to be used together with EN 1034 1:2021.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to pulpers and their loading facilities, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
This document does not apply to pulpers and their loading facilities that have been manufactured before the date of publication of this document.

This document specifies the requirements for the exchange of data and information necessary for the definition of the aims for four-colour flexographic printing of packaging and publication materials, including newsprint. It is based on the use of colour characterization data to define the colourimetric printing aims and includes appropriate assignment of responsibility for and recommended tolerances on critical parameters of the flexographic printing process.
This document is directly applicable to:
— publication flexographic printing including magazines, catalogues and commercial materials and packaging flexographic printing including labels, boxes, and flexible packages;
— half-tone and continuous tone proofing processes that predict the colourimetric results of flexographic printing.
Guidance is also provided concerning the definition of spot colours used in flexographic printing.

This document provides recommended guidelines for the evaluation of colour reproduction capability in the printing of packaging materials. It provides a basis for the development of colour certification schemes by individual brand owners and/or industry associations and for the evaluation of printed results against those schemes.  
Because the package printing supply chain involves multiple partners, both the potential impact of each partner on the overall colour control and the individual responsibilities of each partner are identified in this document. The unique requirements of the individual reproduction processes and their impact on colour reproduction are also identified.

This document specifies an extensible file format in conformity with W3C Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0, for the exchange of print quality data and metadata between quality control applications including but not limited to colour measurement, process control and quality management systems.

This document describes procedures for the assessment and validation of the performance of an optical spectrometer intended for use in capturing the spectral reflectance factor or the spectral radiance factor of printed areas comprised of non-fluorescent or fluorescent materials, respectively. While it does not describe the application to transmitting materials directly, many of the procedures can be applied to transmitting systems by backing them with a reflective white backing material.
This document does not address spectral measurements appropriate to other specific application needs, such as those used during the production of materials (e.g. printing paper and proofing media), which are well described by ISO standards under the jurisdiction of ISO/TC 6. It does not describe the special requirements for testing instruments that make in-process or online colour measurements.

This document specifies safety requirements.
This document is applicable to paper making and paper finishing machines. It contains definitions and requirements which apply to all paper making and paper finishing machines listed in Annex A and is intended to be used in connection with the specific part applicable for the respective machine listed in Annex A. Specific parts can contain additional requirements or deviations from EN 1034-1 in which case the specific stipulations take precedence over the specification made in EN 1034-1. The standard deals with the hazards listed in Annex B.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to paper making and paper finishing machines, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
This document does not apply to machines used in paper converting. See EN 1010-1 to EN 1010-5.
This document applies to machines produced after the date of publication of this standard.

This document provides directions for measuring and calculating the electricity consumption of any format of digital production press, whose modes, other than production printing mode, play a significant role in the comprehensive energy consumption. It excludes digital presses designed to print substrates other than paper or plastic and conventional printing presses fitted with digital inkjet printing heads.
It can be used to compare the energy efficiency figures for different machine combinations: best-quality (slowest), highest-productivity (fastest) or other alternative combinations.

This document gives guidance to print buyers and other users of print for assessing printed products on isotropic substrates that are typically held at a viewing distance of 30 to 50 cm. It specifies the proper application of required, recommended and optional metrics, measurement methods and, where appropriate, reporting requirements in the general commercial market.
Although this document is expected to be used primarily to measure prints from digital printing systems the metrics are general and may be applied to other kinds of print.
This document does not provide process control aims or tolerances as these differ widely for different types of commercial applications.

The document part metadata in a PDF file that conforms to this document can be used to communicate the intended appearance of print products and their components. Examples of intended use are: direct interpretation within a production process, creation of job tickets such as XJDF, or populating records in an MIS. This document builds on the DPart syntax as specified in ISO 16612‑2 (PDF/VT) and ISO 32000‑2 (PDF 2.0) which is designed for encoding metadata related to pages or groups of pages in PDF files.
NOTE The document part metadata provided in this document applies to individual document parts, whereas XMP metadata typically applies to the scope of the entire document. XMP can apply to the scope of an individual page or part of a page but this usage is very uncommon. Thus, XMP is not applicable for the case where metadata is required for sets of pages such as multiple recipients or binding information. For example, XMP is used within PDF/X for file conformance identification and is also used for additional file level information such as author.
This document defines standardized metadata to:
— provide product intent specifications such as paper media selection and binding information;
— identify the type of product that the content pages are intended to represent (e.g. a brochure, letter or postcard);
— identify the intended recipient of each of the content pages for variable document printing applications.
This document defines a base conformance level that includes the syntax of the metadata framework and the semantics of a core set of metadata.

ISO 15397:2014 specifies the list of relevant properties of paper substrates to be communicated between the paper and printing industries.
ISO 15397:2014 is applicable to papers intended to be printed in rotogravure, cold-set web offset, heat-set web offset, sheet-fed offset, and flexographic printing processes and to proofing substrates.

This document specifies a procedure, including computation, for extending the method described in ISO 18619:2015 to n-colour ICC profiles specifically for the xCLR cases where the colourants are either CMYK plus combinations from the set of red, orange, green, blue and violet or where, for the 3CLR case, the colourants are CMY-like chromatic colourants with widely-spaced hue angles. Other types of colour spaces which are otherwise permitted by 15076-1, such as 2CLR (two-device colourants), are not addressed by this document.

This document defines the requirements of printing workflows and evaluation methods for their tone and colour reproduction.  
It applies to any printing process using any colourant, such as CMYK, CMYK with spot, non-CMYK, spot only or multicolour.
This document refers and points to international or national standards and can be used to define, evaluate and audit any printing workflow in whole or in part.

This document describes procedures for evaluating the accuracy of colorimetric rendering intents in ICC profiles.
It applies to v4 ICC profiles made according to ISO 15076-1.
It does not apply to subjective tests of ICC profiles, such as for perceptual or saturation rendering intents, and it does not apply to high dynamic range colour media or spaces.

ISO 18619:2015 specifies a procedure, including computation, by which a transform between ICC profiles can be adjusted (compensated) to take into account differences between the dark end of the source colour space and the dark end of the destination colour space. This is referred to as black point compensation (BPC). The relative colorimetric encoding of ICC profile transforms already provides a mechanism for such adjustment of the light (white) end of the tone scale.

ISO 16760:2014 specifies requirements for an RGB workflow for graphic arts printing based on the use of reflection prints (RGB Reference Prints) as the evaluation vehicle for coloured images. It provides guidelines on the creation of print-targeted RGB images (RGB Reference Images) and simulation prints.
This International Standard requires the identification of a pair of ICC profiles for each image: an image profile and a profile describing the reference printing system. These profiles provide individual colour transformations for gamut mapping and colour separation. This International Standard does not provide any guidance as to how these gamut mapping or colour separation transforms can be specified.

ISO 16684-2:2014 specifies the use of RELAX NG to describe serialized XMP metadata. This applies to how conforming schemas can use the features of RELAX NG.

This document specifies the requirements for quantifying the carbon footprint of those processes, materials and technologies within the user's knowledge and control that are necessary for the delivery and use of e-media. It covers requirements to account for e-media archiving, distribution, use and storage. It is based on a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, using defined system boundaries and a specified functional unit as the basis for complete or partial carbon footprinting studies. These data can be referenced throughout supply chains for individual e-media products.  
This document is applicable to a carbon footprint of a product (CFP) study of e-media regarding contents and e-media devices.
This document provides a framework for carbon calculators that organisations can follow and that can be used as the structure for market- or sector-specific carbon footprinting tools. Studies and tools constructed within this framework methodology provide carbon footprint quantifications of e-media that can be validated, verified and provide reference for future studies.
This document does not assess any social or economic aspects or impacts, or any other environmental aspects and related impacts potentially arising from the life cycle of a product.

This document is based on ISO 15076-1, and describes an expanded profile specification and profile connections that permit greater flexibility and functionality than ISO 15076-1. All definitions and requirements in ISO 15076-1 are therefore in force unless otherwise specified by this document. This document defines minimum structural and operational requirements for writing and reading ICC profiles. Additional workflow requirements and restrictions are defined in domain-specific interoperability conformance specification (ICS) documents approved and registered by the ICC.
In this document, some ISO 15076-1 types have been removed, and others have been added. A colour management module (CMM) compatible with profiles conforming to this document will have backwards compatibility with profiles conforming to ISO 15076-1.
Where the name of a type in this document is the same as a type in ISO 15076-1, the type definition is based on the ISO 15076-1 definition. The exception is the definition of the MPE type, which has been expanded.
Where the extensions described in this document are not required in a particular workflow, ISO 15076-1 is used as the basis for colour management profiles and architectures.