SIST ISO 18400-204:2018
Soil quality - Sampling - Part 204: Guidance on sampling of soil gas
Soil quality - Sampling - Part 204: Guidance on sampling of soil gas
This document contains guidance on soil gas sampling using
— active sampling (adsorbents, filters, air containers), and
— passive sampling
applied at permanent or temporary monitoring wells or other installations in soils or underneath
buildings (sub-slab).
It provides guidance on:
— development of a sampling plan;
— construction of monitoring installations;
— transport, packaging and storage soil gas samples;
— quality assurance.
This document also gives basic information about
— soil gas dynamics, and
— identification of soil gas sources
relevant to permanent or temporary boreholes in soils or underneath buildings (sub‑slab).
The compounds covered by this document are:
— volatile organic compounds (VOCs);
— inorganic volatile compounds (e.g. mercury, HCN);
— permanent gases (i.e. CO2, N2, O2, CH4).
This document does not give guidance on:
— risk evaluation and characterization;
— selection and design of protective measures;
— the verification of protective measures, although the site investigation methodologies described
can be used when appropriate;
— the sampling of atmospheric or indoor gases;
— the measurement of gases from the soil entering into the atmosphere;
— monitoring and sampling for radon.
Qualité du sol - Échantillonnage - Partie 204: Lignes directrices pour l'échantillonnage des gaz de sol
L'ISO 18400-204:2017 donne des lignes directrices sur l'�chantillonnage des gaz du sol, au moyen de
- pr�l�vement actif (ou �chantillonnage actif) (adsorbants, filtres, r�servoirs d'air); et
- pr�l�vement passif (ou �chantillonnage passif)
appliqu�s sur des puits de surveillance permanents ou temporaires ou autres installations en sous-sol ou sous des b�timents (sous-dalle).
Il fournit des lignes directrices sur:
- l'�laboration d'un plan d'�chantillonnage;
- la construction d'ouvrages de pr�l�vement / surveillance;
- le transport, le conditionnement et le stockage des �chantillons de gaz du sol;
- l'assurance de la qualit�.
L'ISO 18400-204:2017 fournit �galement des informations essentielles concernant
- la dynamique des gaz de sol; et
- l'identification des sources de gaz de sol
se rapportant � des ouvrages de pr�l�vements permanents ou temporaires des gaz du sol install�s dans les sols ou sous des b�timents (ouvrages de pr�l�vements d'air sous-dalle).
Les compos�s couverts par le pr�sent document sont:
- les compos�s organiques volatils (COV);
- les compos�s inorganiques volatils (par exemple mercure, HCN);
- les gaz permanents (c'est-�-dire CO2, N2, O2, CH4).
L'ISO 18400-204:2017 ne fournit pas des lignes directrices concernant:
- l'appr�ciation et la caract�risation du risque;
- la s�lection et la conception de mesures de protection;
- la v�rification de mesures de protection, bien que les m�thodes d'investigation du site d�crites puissent �tre utilis�es en fonction des besoins;
- l'�chantillonnage de l'air ambiant ou int�rieur;
- le mesurage des gaz du sol entrant dans l'atmosph�re;
- la surveillance et l'�chantillonnage du radon.
Kakovost tal - Vzorčenje - 204. del: Navodilo za vzorčenje plinov iz tal
Ta dokument vsebuje navodila za vzorčenje plinov v prsti z uporabo
– aktivnega vzorčenja (adsorbenti, filtri, zračne posode) in
– pasivnega vzorčenja, ki se izvaja na stalnih ali začasnih nadzornih vrtinah ali drugih inštalacijah v prsti ali pod stavbami (pod temelji).
Podaja smernice za:
– pripravo načrta vzorčenja;
– izgradnjo nadzornih inštalacij;
– prevoz, pakiranje in shranjevanje vzorcev plinov v prsti;
– zagotavljanje kakovosti.
Ta dokument podaja tudi osnovne informacije o
– dinamiki plinov v prsti in
– ugotavljanju virov plinov v prsti
v povezavi s stalnimi ali začasnimi vrtinami v prsti ali pod stavbami (pod temelji).
V tem dokumentu so zajete naslednje spojine:
– hlapne organske spojine (VOC);
– hlapne anorganske spojine (npr. živo srebro, HCN);
– stalni plini (npr. CO2, N2, O2, CH4).
Ta dokument ne podaja navodil za:
– ocenjevanje in opredelitev tveganj;
– izbiranje in oblikovanje zaščitnih ukrepov;
– preverjanje zaščitnih ukrepov, vendar pa se lahko uporabljajo opisane metodologije za preiskovanje območja, kadar je to primerno;
– vzorčenje atmosferskih plinov in plinov v zaprtih prostorih;
– meritve plinov, prisotnih v prsti, ki prehajajo v ozračje;
– spremljanje in vzorčenje radona.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18400-204
First edition
2017-01
Soil quality — Sampling —
Part 204:
Guidance on sampling of soil gas
Qualité du sol — Échantillonnage —
Partie 204: Lignes directrices pour l’échantillonnage des gaz de sol
Reference number
ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Preliminary items to be considered . 5
5 Basic principles . 6
5.1 Physical and chemical principles . 6
5.1.1 Permanent gases . 6
5.1.2 Volatile organic compounds . 7
5.2 Environmental conditions . 7
5.3 Soil gas dynamics . 9
5.4 Identifying the source of soil gas . 9
6 Requirements for sampling plan .10
6.1 General considerations for sampling plan .10
6.1.1 Objectives and general recommendations .10
6.1.2 Initial explorations (field screening) .12
6.1.3 Known contamination centre .12
6.1.4 Determination of the contamination hot spots (areas showing highest
concentrations) and gas monitoring wells location .12
6.1.5 Determination of horizontal and vertical distribution of VOCs .13
6.1.6 Observation of spatial distribution of VOCs in the course of time .13
6.1.7 Evaluation of soil gases contribution to ambient, indoor and/or outdoor air .13
6.2 Working ranges of measurement methods .13
6.3 Monitoring well options .14
6.4 Sampling plan.17
6.4.1 Horizontal location of sampling devices .17
6.4.2 Monitoring depths .18
6.4.3 Timing and frequency of monitoring .19
6.4.4 Sample volumes and sampling rates .20
7 Construction of monitoring installations .21
7.1 General .21
7.1.1 Environmental conditions .21
7.1.2 Instruments .21
7.2 Soil gas sampling devices .21
7.2.1 Passive soil gas sampling .21
7.2.2 Sub-slab .22
7.2.3 Driven probes .22
7.2.4 Gas-monitoring standpipe in a borehole .23
8 Sampling .26
8.1 Generic consideration .26
8.2 Preparation of the monitoring installations .29
8.2.1 Preparation of the sampling point .29
8.2.2 Leakage test . .29
8.2.3 Purge .29
8.3 Active sampling .30
8.3.1 General.30
8.3.2 Sorbent tubes or filters.31
8.3.3 Sample containers — Sampling bags .34
8.3.4 Sparging .35
8.3.5 Sample containers — Pressurized containers .35
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ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
8.4 Passive sampling .35
8.5 Sampling for on-site measurements .36
9 Identification, packaging and transport of samples for laboratory analysis .37
9.1 Identification .37
9.2 Packaging and transport .37
10 Sampling report.37
11 Quality assurance .38
11.1 General .38
11.2 Quality control samples . .39
11.2.1 General.39
11.2.2 Blind replicate samples .40
11.2.3 Split samples .40
11.2.4 Trip blanks .40
11.2.5 Field blanks .40
11.2.6 Other quality control samples .40
11.2.7 Evaluation of quality control sample results .40
11.2.8 Chain of custody .41
11.2.9 Equipment .41
11.3 Interferences .42
11.3.1 General.42
11.3.2 Large sample volume .42
11.3.3 Cohesive soils .42
11.3.4 Soil moisture . . .42
11.3.5 Low ambient temperatures .42
11.3.6 Heterogeneous stratigraphy .42
11.3.7 Seepage front .42
11.3.8 Perched water table horizon .43
11.3.9 Contamination .43
11.3.10 Breakthrough .43
11.4 Interpretation of soil gas analyses for VOCs .43
Annex A (informative) Standard equipment and instruments used for soil gas sampling
for VOCs .44
Annex B (informative) Portable equipment to measure gases.46
Annex C (informative) Equipment to measure flow rates and borehole pressure .48
Annex D (informative) Example of sampling sheet .50
Bibliography .52
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i so .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 2,
Sampling.
This first edition of ISO 18400-204 cancels and replaces ISO 10381-7:2005, which has been technically
and structurally revised. The ISO 18400 series is based on a modular structure and cannot be compared
to ISO 10381-7 clause by clause.
A list of all parts in the ISO 18400 series can be found on the ISO website.
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved v
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ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
Introduction
This document is one of a group of International Standards to be used in conjunction with each other
where necessary. The ISO 18400 series deals with sampling procedures for the various purposes of soil
investigation. The roles/positions of the individual standards within the total investigation programme
are shown in Figure 1. The stated soil gas and landfill-gas measurements do not give any quantitative
statement of the total quantity of material detected in soil gas or soil. The measurement results can be
influenced by, e.g. temperature, humidity, air pressure, minimum extraction depth, etc.
The general terminology used is in accordance with that established in ISO/TC 190 and, more
particularly, with the vocabulary given in ISO 11074.
Toxic, asphyxiating and explosive soil gases can enter buildings and other built development on
and below ground and variously pose potential risks to occupants and users and to the structures
themselves.
Such gases might be present in the ground naturally, or be present as a result of contamination of the
ground, or arise from buried wastes. In addition to the main components found in air (nitrogen and
oxygen), soil gas can contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), inorganic vapours (e.g. mercury) and a
wide range of other gases (e.g. methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia,
helium, neon, argon, xenon, radon, etc.).
These gases can have several origins such as: landfilled wastes; contaminated soils on a brownfield
site; plume of contaminated groundwater; spill or leakage of chemicals products, leaks of mains gas
(natural gas); sewer gas, etc.
In order to complete an assessment of the risks posed by the presence of permanent and other soil gases
like VOCs, it is necessary to understand and characterize the potential sources of gas in and around a site.
Guidance on installations for soil gas sampling (equipment and instruments, methods of sampling,
requirements of controls, etc.) and other relevant information (e.g. on environmental conditions) are
provided in this document.
vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
Figure 1 — Links between the essential elements of an investigation programme
NOTE 1 The numbers in circles in Figure 1 define the key elements (1 to 7) of the investigation programme.
NOTE 2 Figure 1 displays a generic process which can be amended when necessary.
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved vii
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
Soil quality — Sampling —
Part 204:
Guidance on sampling of soil gas
1 Scope
This document contains guidance on soil gas sampling using
— active sampling (adsorbents, filters, air containers), and
— passive sampling
applied at permanent or temporary monitoring wells or other installations in soils or underneath
buildings (sub-slab).
It provides guidance on:
— development of a sampling plan;
— construction of monitoring installations;
— transport, packaging and storage soil gas samples;
— quality assurance.
This document also gives basic information about
— soil gas dynamics, and
— identification of soil gas sources
relevant to permanent or temporary boreholes in soils or underneath buildings (sub-slab).
The compounds covered by this document are:
— volatile organic compounds (VOCs);
— inorganic volatile compounds (e.g. mercury, HCN);
— permanent gases (i.e. CO , N , O , CH ).
2 2 2 4
This document does not give guidance on:
— risk evaluation and characterization;
— selection and design of protective measures;
— the verification of protective measures, although the site investigation methodologies described
can be used when appropriate;
— the sampling of atmospheric or indoor gases;
— the measurement of gases from the soil entering into the atmosphere;
— monitoring and sampling for radon.
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11074, Soil quality — Vocabulary
ISO 18400-107, Soil quality — Sampling — Part 107: Recording and reporting
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11074 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
active soil gas sampling
sampling by extracting a certain volume of soil gas
3.2
breakthrough
detection of an adsorbent control section of one or more compounds having a mass greater than 5 % of
the mass quantified on the measuring section
3.3
dead volume
volume which is present between the suction opening of the soil gas probe and the sampling vial,
including the volume of the sampling vial or of the adsorption tube
3.4
dense non aqueous phase liquid
DNAPL
liquid of a group of organic substances which is relatively insoluble in the water and denser than the water
3.5
direct method
direct measuring method
method of analysis where the soil gas sample (aliquot) is directly introduced into a suitable equipment
without first being concentrated and subjected to analysis
3.6
direct-reading detecting tube
glass tube filled with reagents which, after drawing through certain gaseous compounds, show
concentration-dependent chromophoric reactions and which are thus used for qualitative and semi-
quantitative analyses as well
Note 1 to entry: It is important that attention be paid to cross-sensitivities.
3.7
gas migration
movement of gas from the source through the ground to the adjoining strata or to emit to atmosphere
Note 1 to entry: Examples of sources include e.g. wastes within a landfill or spill of hydrocarbons.
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
3.8
gas monitoring well
standpipe suitably installed inside a borehole from which gas samples can be taken to measure soil gas
concentrations and to monitor changes in composition of soil gas or soil gas migration (3.7)
3.9
gas sampling
collection of a volume of soil gas contained in the pore space of the soil
3.10
landfill
deposition of waste into or onto the land as a means of disposal
3.11
landfill gas
mixture of permanent gases (main components), dominated by methane and carbon dioxide, formed by
the decomposition of degradable wastes within landfill sites
Note 1 to entry: It can also include a large number of VOCs (trace components).
3.12.1
lower explosive limit
LEL
lowest percentage (volume fraction) of a mixture of flammable gas with air which will propagate an
explosion in a confined space at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure
3.12.2
upper explosive limit
UEL
uppermost percentage (volume fraction) of a mixture of flammable gas with air which will propagate
an explosion in a confined space at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure
3.13
light non aqueous phase liquid
LNAPL
liquid of a group of organic substances which is relatively insoluble in the water and less dense than
the water
3.14
method by adsorption
method in which substances to be determined are concentrated adsorptively on an adsorbent,
subsequently desorbed and analysed
Note 1 to entry: The adsorbent can be e.g. activated charcoal or XAD-4 resin.
3.15
monitoring installation
permanent or temporary device used for soil gas sampling
EXAMPLE Sub-slab, soil gas probe.
3.16
non aqueous phase liquid
NAPL
liquid of a group of organic substances which is relatively insoluble in the water
3.17
one-stage soil gas sampling
sampling of soil gas directly from a soil gas probe placed in soil, without pre-drilling
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 3
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ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
3.18
passive soil gas sampling
sampling based on the adsorption of gases of the ground on an adsorbent placed in the ground, without
using artificially reduced pressure
3.19
permanent gas
element or compound that is a gas at all ambient temperatures likely to be encountered on the surface
of the earth
EXAMPLE Gas like mine and landfill gases.
Note 1 to entry: Permanent gas can also be defined as “element or compound that is a gas at all ambient
temperatures likely to be encountered on the surface of the earth”; see ISO 11074:2015, 3.6.11.
3.20
soil gas
gas and vapour in the pore spaces of soils
3.21
soil gas monitoring device
borehole finished with suitable material for stabilisation of the borehole wall and/or for limiting the
sampling area
Note 1 to entry: Depending on the type and stability of fitting, a distinction is made between temporary (for single
or short-term repeated soil sampling) and stationary and semi-permanent or permanent soil gas monitoring
points (for long-term observation).
3.22
soil gas probe
soil gas sampling probe
probe, generally a tube, which is installed directly into soil (one-stage soil gas sampling), or in a borehole
(two-stage soil gas sampling) to take soil gas samples
Note 1 to entry: By applying a negative pressure to the upper end of the soil gas probe (head), the soil gas at
the lower end (tip) is drawn through the suction opening(s) and transferred to a gas collecting equipment and
online measurement equipment (direct measuring method) or to an absorbent (concentration method), which
are installed either in or at the head of the soil gas probe or subsequently used.
3.23
soil gas sample volume
volume of soil gas taken to form the sample
3.24
continuous soil gas sampling
sampling from a monitoring well over a controlled longer period of time (mostly several hours up to
days) to observe the variations over time of the gas concentrations and of the pressure distribution in
the soil
3.25
sub-slab
soil gas sampling location just below the foundation slab of a building, within the unsaturated zone
3.26
subsoil
layer of soil beneath the surface soil and overlying the bedrock (called also “undersoil”)
3.27
two-stage soil gas sampling
sampling done firstly through installation of a borehole with the aid of a drilling instrument or by small
boring, and secondly by sampling of soil gas from a soil gas probe installed in the borehole
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
3.28
volatile org
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 18400-204:2018
01-julij-2018
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 10381-7:2006
.DNRYRVWWDO9]RUþHQMHGHO 1DYRGLOR]DY]RUþHQMHSOLQRYL]WDO
Soil quality - Sampling - Part 204: Guidance on sampling of soil gas
Qualité du sol - Échantillonnage - Partie 204: Lignes directrices pour l'échantillonnage
des gaz de sol
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 18400-204:2017
ICS:
13.080.05 Preiskava tal na splošno Examination of soils in
general
SIST ISO 18400-204:2018 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO 18400-204:2018
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 18400-204:2018
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18400-204
First edition
2017-01
Soil quality — Sampling —
Part 204:
Guidance on sampling of soil gas
Qualité du sol — Échantillonnage —
Partie 204: Lignes directrices pour l’échantillonnage des gaz de sol
Reference number
ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 18400-204:2018
ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 18400-204:2018
ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Preliminary items to be considered . 5
5 Basic principles . 6
5.1 Physical and chemical principles . 6
5.1.1 Permanent gases . 6
5.1.2 Volatile organic compounds . 7
5.2 Environmental conditions . 7
5.3 Soil gas dynamics . 9
5.4 Identifying the source of soil gas . 9
6 Requirements for sampling plan .10
6.1 General considerations for sampling plan .10
6.1.1 Objectives and general recommendations .10
6.1.2 Initial explorations (field screening) .12
6.1.3 Known contamination centre .12
6.1.4 Determination of the contamination hot spots (areas showing highest
concentrations) and gas monitoring wells location .12
6.1.5 Determination of horizontal and vertical distribution of VOCs .13
6.1.6 Observation of spatial distribution of VOCs in the course of time .13
6.1.7 Evaluation of soil gases contribution to ambient, indoor and/or outdoor air .13
6.2 Working ranges of measurement methods .13
6.3 Monitoring well options .14
6.4 Sampling plan.17
6.4.1 Horizontal location of sampling devices .17
6.4.2 Monitoring depths .18
6.4.3 Timing and frequency of monitoring .19
6.4.4 Sample volumes and sampling rates .20
7 Construction of monitoring installations .21
7.1 General .21
7.1.1 Environmental conditions .21
7.1.2 Instruments .21
7.2 Soil gas sampling devices .21
7.2.1 Passive soil gas sampling .21
7.2.2 Sub-slab .22
7.2.3 Driven probes .22
7.2.4 Gas-monitoring standpipe in a borehole .23
8 Sampling .26
8.1 Generic consideration .26
8.2 Preparation of the monitoring installations .29
8.2.1 Preparation of the sampling point .29
8.2.2 Leakage test . .29
8.2.3 Purge .29
8.3 Active sampling .30
8.3.1 General.30
8.3.2 Sorbent tubes or filters.31
8.3.3 Sample containers — Sampling bags .34
8.3.4 Sparging .35
8.3.5 Sample containers — Pressurized containers .35
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST ISO 18400-204:2018
ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
8.4 Passive sampling .35
8.5 Sampling for on-site measurements .36
9 Identification, packaging and transport of samples for laboratory analysis .37
9.1 Identification .37
9.2 Packaging and transport .37
10 Sampling report.37
11 Quality assurance .38
11.1 General .38
11.2 Quality control samples . .39
11.2.1 General.39
11.2.2 Blind replicate samples .40
11.2.3 Split samples .40
11.2.4 Trip blanks .40
11.2.5 Field blanks .40
11.2.6 Other quality control samples .40
11.2.7 Evaluation of quality control sample results .40
11.2.8 Chain of custody .41
11.2.9 Equipment .41
11.3 Interferences .42
11.3.1 General.42
11.3.2 Large sample volume .42
11.3.3 Cohesive soils .42
11.3.4 Soil moisture . . .42
11.3.5 Low ambient temperatures .42
11.3.6 Heterogeneous stratigraphy .42
11.3.7 Seepage front .42
11.3.8 Perched water table horizon .43
11.3.9 Contamination .43
11.3.10 Breakthrough .43
11.4 Interpretation of soil gas analyses for VOCs .43
Annex A (informative) Standard equipment and instruments used for soil gas sampling
for VOCs .44
Annex B (informative) Portable equipment to measure gases.46
Annex C (informative) Equipment to measure flow rates and borehole pressure .48
Annex D (informative) Example of sampling sheet .50
Bibliography .52
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 18400-204:2018
ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i so .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 2,
Sampling.
This first edition of ISO 18400-204 cancels and replaces ISO 10381-7:2005, which has been technically
and structurally revised. The ISO 18400 series is based on a modular structure and cannot be compared
to ISO 10381-7 clause by clause.
A list of all parts in the ISO 18400 series can be found on the ISO website.
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SIST ISO 18400-204:2018
ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
Introduction
This document is one of a group of International Standards to be used in conjunction with each other
where necessary. The ISO 18400 series deals with sampling procedures for the various purposes of soil
investigation. The roles/positions of the individual standards within the total investigation programme
are shown in Figure 1. The stated soil gas and landfill-gas measurements do not give any quantitative
statement of the total quantity of material detected in soil gas or soil. The measurement results can be
influenced by, e.g. temperature, humidity, air pressure, minimum extraction depth, etc.
The general terminology used is in accordance with that established in ISO/TC 190 and, more
particularly, with the vocabulary given in ISO 11074.
Toxic, asphyxiating and explosive soil gases can enter buildings and other built development on
and below ground and variously pose potential risks to occupants and users and to the structures
themselves.
Such gases might be present in the ground naturally, or be present as a result of contamination of the
ground, or arise from buried wastes. In addition to the main components found in air (nitrogen and
oxygen), soil gas can contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), inorganic vapours (e.g. mercury) and a
wide range of other gases (e.g. methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia,
helium, neon, argon, xenon, radon, etc.).
These gases can have several origins such as: landfilled wastes; contaminated soils on a brownfield
site; plume of contaminated groundwater; spill or leakage of chemicals products, leaks of mains gas
(natural gas); sewer gas, etc.
In order to complete an assessment of the risks posed by the presence of permanent and other soil gases
like VOCs, it is necessary to understand and characterize the potential sources of gas in and around a site.
Guidance on installations for soil gas sampling (equipment and instruments, methods of sampling,
requirements of controls, etc.) and other relevant information (e.g. on environmental conditions) are
provided in this document.
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SIST ISO 18400-204:2018
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Figure 1 — Links between the essential elements of an investigation programme
NOTE 1 The numbers in circles in Figure 1 define the key elements (1 to 7) of the investigation programme.
NOTE 2 Figure 1 displays a generic process which can be amended when necessary.
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SIST ISO 18400-204:2018
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
Soil quality — Sampling —
Part 204:
Guidance on sampling of soil gas
1 Scope
This document contains guidance on soil gas sampling using
— active sampling (adsorbents, filters, air containers), and
— passive sampling
applied at permanent or temporary monitoring wells or other installations in soils or underneath
buildings (sub-slab).
It provides guidance on:
— development of a sampling plan;
— construction of monitoring installations;
— transport, packaging and storage soil gas samples;
— quality assurance.
This document also gives basic information about
— soil gas dynamics, and
— identification of soil gas sources
relevant to permanent or temporary boreholes in soils or underneath buildings (sub-slab).
The compounds covered by this document are:
— volatile organic compounds (VOCs);
— inorganic volatile compounds (e.g. mercury, HCN);
— permanent gases (i.e. CO , N , O , CH ).
2 2 2 4
This document does not give guidance on:
— risk evaluation and characterization;
— selection and design of protective measures;
— the verification of protective measures, although the site investigation methodologies described
can be used when appropriate;
— the sampling of atmospheric or indoor gases;
— the measurement of gases from the soil entering into the atmosphere;
— monitoring and sampling for radon.
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SIST ISO 18400-204:2018
ISO 18400-204:2017(E)
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11074, Soil quality — Vocabulary
ISO 18400-107, Soil quality — Sampling — Part 107: Recording and reporting
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11074 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
active soil gas sampling
sampling by extracting a certain volume of soil gas
3.2
breakthrough
detection of an adsorbent control section of one or more compounds having a mass greater than 5 % of
the mass quantified on the measuring section
3.3
dead volume
volume which is present between the suction opening of the soil gas probe and the sampling vial,
including the volume of the sampling vial or of the adsorption tube
3.4
dense non aqueous phase liquid
DNAPL
liquid of a group of organic substances which is relatively insoluble in the water and denser than the water
3.5
direct method
direct measuring method
method of analysis where the soil gas sample (aliquot) is directly introduced into a suitable equipment
without first being concentrated and subjected to analysis
3.6
direct-reading detecting tube
glass tube filled with reagents which, after drawing through certain gaseous compounds, show
concentration-dependent chromophoric reactions and which are thus used for qualitative and semi-
quantitative analyses as well
Note 1 to entry: It is important that attention be paid to cross-sensitivities.
3.7
gas migration
movement of gas from the source through the ground to the adjoining strata or to emit to atmosphere
Note 1 to entry: Examples of sources include e.g. wastes within a landfill or spill of hydrocarbons.
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3.8
gas monitoring well
standpipe suitably installed inside a borehole from which gas samples can be taken to measure soil gas
concentrations and to monitor changes in composition of soil gas or soil gas migration (3.7)
3.9
gas sampling
collection of a volume of soil gas contained in the pore space of the soil
3.10
landfill
deposition of waste into or onto the land as a means of disposal
3.11
landfill gas
mixture of permanent gases (main components), dominated by methane and carbon dioxide, formed by
the decomposition of degradable wastes within landfill sites
Note 1 to entry: It can also include a large number of VOCs (trace components).
3.12.1
lower explosive limit
LEL
lowest percentage (volume fraction) of a mixture of flammable gas with air which will propagate an
explosion in a confined space at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure
3.12.2
upper explosive limit
UEL
uppermost percentage (volume fraction) of a mixture of flammable gas with air which will propagate
an explosion in a confined space at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure
3.13
light non aqueous phase liquid
LNAPL
liquid of a group of organic substances which is relatively insoluble in the water and less dense than
the water
3.14
method by adsorption
method in which substances to be determined are concentrated adsorptively on an adsorbent,
subsequently desorbed and analysed
Note 1 to entry: The adsorbent can be e.g. activated charcoal or XAD-4 resin.
3.15
monitoring installation
permanent or temporary device used for soil gas sampling
EXAMPLE Sub-slab, soil gas probe.
3.16
non aqueous phase liquid
NAPL
liquid of a group of organic substances which is relatively insoluble in the water
3.17
one-stage soil gas sampling
sampling of soil gas directly from a soil gas probe placed in soil, without pre-drilling
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3.18
passive soil gas sampling
sampling based on the adsorption of gases of the ground on an adsorbent placed in the ground, without
using artificially reduced pressure
3.19
permanent gas
element or compound that is a gas at all ambient temperatures likely to be encountered on the surface
of the earth
EXAMPLE Gas like mine and landfill gases.
Note 1 to entry: Permanent gas can also be defined as “element or compound that is a gas at all ambient
temperatures likely to be encountered on the surface of the earth”; see ISO 11074:2015, 3.6.11.
3.20
soil gas
gas and vapour in the pore spaces of soils
3.21
soil gas monitoring device
borehole finished with suitable material for stabilisation of the borehole wall and/or for limiting the
sampling area
Note 1 to entry: Depending on the type and stability of fitting, a distinction is made between temporary (for single
or short-term repeated soil sampling) and stationary and semi-permanent or permanent soil gas monitoring
points (for long-term observation).
3.22
soil gas probe
soil gas sampling probe
probe, generally a tube, which is installed directly into soil (one-stage soil gas sampling), or in a borehole
(two-stage soil gas sampling) to take soil gas samples
Note 1 to entry: By applying a negative pressure to the upper end of the soil gas probe (head), the soil gas at
the lower end (tip) is drawn through the suction opening(s) and transferred to a gas collect
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 18400-204
Première édition
2017-01
Qualité du sol — Échantillonnage —
Partie 204:
Lignes directrices pour
l’échantillonnage des gaz de sol
Soil quality — Sampling —
Part 204: Guidance on sampling of soil gas
Numéro de référence
ISO 18400-204:2017(F)
©
ISO 2017
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ISO 18400-204:2017(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2017, Publié en Suisse
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ii © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 18400-204:2017(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .v
Introduction .vi
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 2
3 Termes et définitions . 2
4 Points préliminaires à prendre en compte . 5
5 Principes fondamentaux . 7
5.1 Principes physiques et chimiques . 7
5.1.1 Gaz permanents . 7
5.1.2 Composés organiques volatils . 8
5.2 Conditions environnementales . 8
5.3 Dynamique des gaz de sol .10
5.4 Identification de la source du gaz de sol .10
6 Exigences relatives au plan d’échantillonnage .11
6.1 Considérations générales relatives au plan d’échantillonnage .11
6.1.1 Objectifs et recommandations générales .11
6.1.2 Explorations initiales (criblage sur le terrain).13
6.1.3 Zone de contamination connue .13
6.1.4 Détermination des emplacements des points chauds de contamination
(zones présentant les concentrations les plus élevées) et des puits de
surveillance des gaz.14
6.1.5 Détermination de la distribution horizontale et verticale des COV .14
6.1.6 Observation de la répartition spatiale des COV dans le temps .14
6.1.7 Évaluation de la contribution des gaz du sol à l’air ambiant, intérieur et/
ou extérieur .14
6.2 Zones de travail des méthodes de mesure .15
6.3 Options relatives aux puits de surveillance .15
6.4 Plan d’échantillonnage .18
6.4.1 Emplacement horizontal des dispositifs d’échantillonnage.18
6.4.2 Profondeurs de surveillance .19
6.4.3 Durée et fréquence de surveillance .21
6.4.4 Volumes d’échantillons et débits d’échantillonnage .21
7 Construction d’ouvrages de prélèvement des gaz du sol .22
7.1 Généralités .22
7.1.1 Conditions environnementales .22
7.1.2 Instruments de mesure .23
7.2 Dispositifs de surveillance des gaz du sol .23
7.2.1 Échantillonnage (ou prélèvement) passif des gaz du sol .23
7.2.2 Ouvrage de prélèvement d’air sous-dalle .23
7.2.3 Sondes contrôlées – cannes-gaz .24
7.2.4 Puits permanent de prélèvement des gaz du sol (piézair) .25
8 Échantillonnage .28
8.1 Considérations générales .28
8.2 Préparation des dispositifs de surveillance .31
8.2.1 Préparation du point d’échantillonnage .31
8.2.2 Essai d’étanchéité .31
8.2.3 Purge .32
8.3 Échantillonnage (ou prélèvement) actif .32
8.3.1 Généralités .32
8.3.2 Tubes ou filtres à adsorption .33
8.3.3 Sacs de prélèvement .37
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ISO 18400-204:2017(F)
8.3.4 Barbotage .37
8.3.5 Conteneurs en dépression .38
8.4 Échantillonnage (ou prélèvement) passif .38
8.5 Échantillonnage pour mesurages sur site .39
9 Identification, conditionnement et transport des échantillons pour l’analyse
en laboratoire .40
9.1 Identification .40
9.2 Conditionnement et transport .40
10 Rapport d’échantillonnage .40
11 Assurance de la qualité .42
11.1 Généralités .42
11.2 Échantillons de contrôle qualité .43
11.2.1 Généralités .43
11.2.2 Échantillons répétés aveugles .43
11.2.3 Échantillons fractionnés (doublons) .43
11.2.4 Blancs de transport.43
11.2.5 Blancs de terrain .43
11.2.6 Autres échantillons de contrôle qualité .44
11.2.7 Évaluation des résultats de contrôle qualité des échantillons .44
11.2.8 Chaîne de conservation .44
11.2.9 Équipements .45
11.3 Interférences .45
11.3.1 Généralités .45
11.3.2 Échantillon de grand volume .45
11.3.3 Sols compacts .45
11.3.4 Humidité du sol .45
11.3.5 Températures ambiantes faibles .46
11.3.6 Stratigraphie hétérogène .46
11.3.7 Front d’infiltration .46
11.3.8 Horizon de nappe d’eau perchée .46
11.3.9 Contamination .46
11.3.10 Claquage .46
11.4 Interprétation des analyses de gaz du sol pour les COV.47
Annexe A (informative) Équipement et instruments standard utilisés pour
l’échantillonnage des gaz du sol des COV .48
Annexe B (informative) Équipement portatif pour mesurer les gaz .50
Annexe C (informative) Équipement de mesurage de débits et de pression de sondages .52
Annexe D (informative) Exemple de fiche d’échantillonnage .54
Bibliographie .56
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ISO 18400-204:2017(F)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www
.iso .org/ directives).
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l’élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l’Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l’ISO (voir www .iso .org/ brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la signification des termes et expressions spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation
de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation
mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien
suivant: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ fr/ avant -propos .html
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 190, Qualité des sols, sous-comité SC 2,
Échantillonnage.
Cette première édition de l’ISO 18400-204 annule et remplace l’ISO 10381-7:2005, qui a fait l’objet d’une
révision technique et structurelle. La série ISO 18400 est fondée sur une structure modulaire et ne peut
être comparée, article par article, à l’ISO 10381-7.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 18400 peut être consultée sur le site de l’ISO.
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ISO 18400-204:2017(F)
Introduction
Le présent document fait partie d’une série de Normes internationales destinées à être utilisées
conjointement en fonction des besoins. La série ISO 18400 traite des modes opératoires
d’échantillonnage correspondant aux divers objectifs de l’étude du sol. Les rôles/positions des normes
individuelles dans l’ensemble du programme d’étude sont indiqué(e)s à la Figure 1. Les mesurages
indiqués pour les gaz du sol et les gaz de décharge ne fournissent aucune indication quantitative sur
la quantité totale de matériaux détectée dans les gaz du sol ou dans le sol. Les résultats des mesurages
peuvent être influencés notamment par la température, l’humidité, la pression de l’air, la profondeur
minimale d’extraction, etc.
La terminologie générale utilisée est conforme à celle établie par l’ISO/TC 190 et, plus précisément, au
vocabulaire présenté dans l’ISO 11074.
Des gaz de sol toxiques, asphyxiants et explosifs peuvent pénétrer dans des bâtiments et autres
constructions en surface et en sous-sol et peuvent présenter des risques potentiels pour la sécurité des
occupants et utilisateurs, ainsi que pour les structures proprement dites.
Ces gaz peuvent être présents naturellement dans le sol, apparaître suite à une contamination du sol,
ou encore provenir de déchets enterrés. Outre les principaux constituants observés dans l’air (azote
et oxygène), les gaz du sol peuvent contenir des composés organiques volatils (COV), des vapeurs
inorganiques (le mercure par exemple) et une large gamme d’autres gaz (par exemple méthane,
dioxyde de carbone, monoxyde de carbone, sulfure d’hydrogène, ammoniac, hélium, néon, argon,
xénon, radon, etc.).
Ces gaz peuvent avoir plusieurs origines telles que: déchets mis en décharge, sols contaminés sur
une friche industrielle, panache d’eaux souterraines contaminées, écoulement ou fuites de produits
chimiques, fuites dans le réseau de gaz distribué (gaz naturel), gaz d’égouts etc.
Afin de compléter une appréciation des risques posés par la présence de gaz de sols permanent ou
autres gaz de sol comme les composés organiques volatils (COV), il est nécessaire de comprendre et
caractériser les sources potentielles de gaz dans et autour du site.
Le présent document fournit des lignes directrices relatives aux installations d’échantillonnage de gaz
de sol (matériel et instruments, méthodes d’échantillonnage, exigences de contrôles, etc.) et autres
informations pertinentes (par exemple sur les conditions environnementales).
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ISO 18400-204:2017(F)
Figure 1 — Liens entre les éléments essentiels d’un programme d’investigation
NOTE 1 Les chiffres figurant dans les cercles de la Figure 1 définissent les éléments clés (1 à 7) du programme
d’investigation.
NOTE 2 La Figure 1 présente un processus générique qui peut être modifié si nécessaire.
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 18400-204:2017(F)
Qualité du sol — Échantillonnage —
Partie 204:
Lignes directrices pour l’échantillonnage des gaz de sol
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document donne des lignes directrices sur l’échantillonnage des gaz du sol, au moyen de
— prélèvement actif (ou échantillonnage actif) (adsorbants, filtres, réservoirs d’air); et
— prélèvement passif (ou échantillonnage passif)
appliqués sur des puits de surveillance permanents ou temporaires ou autres installations en sous-sol
ou sous des bâtiments (sous-dalle).
Il fournit des lignes directrices sur:
— l’élaboration d’un plan d’échantillonnage;
— la construction d’ouvrages de prélèvement / surveillance;
— le transport, le conditionnement et le stockage des échantillons de gaz du sol;
— l’assurance de la qualité.
Le présent document fournit également des informations essentielles concernant
— la dynamique des gaz de sol; et
— l’identification des sources de gaz de sol
se rapportant à des ouvrages de prélèvements permanents ou temporaires des gaz du sol installés dans
les sols ou sous des bâtiments (ouvrages de prélèvements d’air sous-dalle).
Les composés couverts par le présent document sont:
— les composés organiques volatils (COV);
— les composés inorganiques volatils (par exemple mercure, HCN);
— les gaz permanents (c’est-à-dire CO , N , O , CH ).
2 2 2 4
Le présent document ne fournit pas des lignes directrices concernant:
— l’appréciation et la caractérisation du risque;
— la sélection et la conception de mesures de protection;
— la vérification de mesures de protection, bien que les méthodes d’investigation du site décrites
puissent être utilisées en fonction des besoins;
— l’échantillonnage de l’air ambiant ou intérieur;
— le mesurage des gaz du sol entrant dans l’atmosphère;
— la surveillance et l’échantillonnage du radon.
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ISO 18400-204:2017(F)
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants cités dans le texte constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur contenu, des
exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour les
références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 11074, Qualité du sol — Vocabulaire
ISO 18400-107, Qualité du sol — Échantillonnage — Partie 107: Enregistrement et notification
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans l’ISO 11074 ainsi que les
suivants s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— IEC Electropedia: http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
échantillonnage actif des gaz du sol
échantillonnage par extraction d’un certain volume de gaz du sol
3.2
claquage
détection par une section de contrôle adsorbante d’un ou plusieurs composés ayant une masse
supérieure à 5 % de la masse quantifiée sur la section de mesure
3.3
volume mort
volume présent entre l’ouverture d’aspiration de la sonde de gaz du sol et le flacon d’échantillonnage, y
compris le volume du flacon d’échantillonnage ou du tube d’absorption
3.4
liquides denses en phase non aqueuse
LDPNA
liquide d’un groupe de substances organiques, qui est relativement insoluble dans l’eau et dont la masse
volumique est supérieure à celle de l’eau
3.5
méthode directe
méthode de mesurage direct
méthode d’analyse dans laquelle l’échantillon de gaz du sol (aliquote) est introduit directement dans un
dispositif approprié, sans concentration préalable, puis est soumis à une analyse
3.6
tube de détection à lecture directe
tube de verre rempli de réactifs qui, après passage de certains composés gazeux, provoquent des
réactions entraînant des changements de couleur en fonction de la concentration; cet équipement est,
par conséquent, utilisé pour des analyses qualitatives et semi-quantitatives
Note 1 à l’article: Une attention particulière doit être portée aux interférences.
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ISO 18400-204:2017(F)
3.7
migration des gaz
mouvement des gaz issus de la source présente dans le sol vers les couches adjacentes, ou émission vers
l’atmosphère
Note 1 à l’article: Les exemples de sources comprennent des déchets dans le cas d’une décharge ou de COV dans le
cas de déversements de ces produits.
3.8
puits de surveillance des gaz
tubage installé de manière appropriée dans un sondage et permettant le prélèvement d’échantillons
de gaz du sol afin de mesurer les concentrations de gaz du sol et de surveiller les variations de la
composition des gaz du sol ou la migration des gaz (3.7)
3.9
échantillonnage des gaz du sol
prélèvement d’un volume de gaz du sol contenu dans les pores du sol
3.10
décharge
dépôts de déchets dans le sol ou sur le sol comme moyen d’élimination
3.11
gaz de décharge
mélange de gaz permanents (principaux constituants) dans lequel prédominent le méthane et le
dioxyde de carbone, issu de la décomposition des déchets dégradables dans les sites de décharge
Note 1 à l’article: Ce mélange peut également contenir de nombreux COV (à l’état de traces).
3.12.1
limite inférieure d’explosivité
LIE
pourcentage minimal (fraction volumique) d’un mélange de gaz inflammable et d’air entraînant une
explosion dans un espace confiné à une température de 25 °C et à la pression atmosphérique
3.12.2
limite supérieure d’explosivité
LSE
pourcentage maximal (fraction volumique) d’un mélange de gaz inflammable et d’air entraînant une
explosion dans un espace confiné à une température de 25 °C et à la pression atmosphérique
3.13
liquide léger en phase non aqueuse
LLPNA
liquide d’un groupe de substances organiques, qui est relativement insoluble dans l’eau et dont la masse
volumique est inférieure à celle de l’eau
3.14
méthode par adsorption
méthode dans laquelle des substances à déterminer sont concentrées par adsorption sur un adsorbant,
et sont ensuite soumises à une désorption et analysées
Note 1 à l’article: L’adsorbant peut être, par exemple, du charbon actif ou de la résine XAD-4.
3.15
dispositif de surveillance
dispositif permanent ou temporaire utilisé pour l’échantillonnage des gaz du sol
EXEMPLE Ouvrage de prélèvement d’air sous-dalle, sonde de gaz du sol.
© ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés 3
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ISO 18400-204:2017(F)
3.16
liquide en phase non aqueuse
LPNA
liquide d’un groupe de substances organiques, qui est relativement insoluble dans l’eau
3.17
échantillonnage des gaz du sol en une étape
échantillonnage des gaz du sol réalisé directement à partir d’une sonde placée dans le sol, sans préforage
3.18
échantillonnage passif des gaz du sol
échantillonnage basé sur l’adsorption des gaz du sol sur un adsorbant placé dans le sol, sans utiliser de
pression réduite de façon artificielle
3.19
gaz permanent
élément ou composé présent sous forme de gaz à toutes les températures ambiantes susceptibles d’être
rencontrées à la surface de la terre
EXEMPLE Gaz de mine (grisou) et gaz de décharge.
Note 1 à l’article: Le gaz permanent peut également être défini comme un «élément ou composé présent sous
forme de gaz à toutes les températures ambiantes susceptibles d’être rencontrées à la surface de la terre»; voir
l’ISO 11074:2015, 3.6.11.
3.20
gaz du sol
gaz et vapeur présents dans la porosité des sols
3.21
dispositif de surveillance des gaz du sol
sondage dont la finition est réalisée avec
...
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