SIST EN 50549-1:2019
(Main)Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel with distribution networks - Part 1: Connection to a LV distribution network - Generating plants up to and including Type B
Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel with distribution networks - Part 1: Connection to a LV distribution network - Generating plants up to and including Type B
These standards provide technical requirements for the connection of generating plants up to and including Type A (-1-1)/ Type B (-1-2) which can be operated in parallel with a public LV distribution network. They are intended to be used as a technical reference for connection agreements between DNOs and electricity producers and to demonstrate compliance with COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2016/631 (Requirements for Generators).
Anforderungen für zum Parallelbetrieb mit einem Verteilnetz vorgesehene Erzeugungsanlagen - Teil 1: Anschluss an das Niederspannungsverteilnetz bis einschließlich Typ B
Exigences relatives aux centrales électriques destinées à être raccordées en parallèle à des réseaux de distribution - Partie 1: Raccordement à un réseau de distribution BT - Centrales électriques jusqu’au Type B inclus
Zahteve za vzporedno vezavo generatorskih postrojev z razdelilnim omrežjem - 1. del: Vezava z nizkonapetostnim razdelilnim omrežjem - Generatorski postroji do vključno tipa B
Ti standardi podajajo tehnične zahteve za povezovanje generatorskih postrojev do vključno tipa A (-1-1)/tipa B (-1-2), ki jih je mogoče upravljati vzporedno z javnim nizkonapetostnim razdelilnim omrežjem. Namen njihove uporabe je tehnična referenca za dogovore o priključku med upravljavci razdelilnih omrežij in proizvajalci električne energije ter izkazovanje skladnosti z UREDBO KOMISIJE (EU) 2016/631 (Zahteve za generatorje).
General Information
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Standards Content (sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 50549-1:2019
01-april-2019
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 50438:2014
SIST EN 50438:2014/IS1:2015
SIST-TS CLC/TS 50549-1:2015
Zahteve za vzporedno vezavo generatorskih postrojev z razdelilnim omrežjem - 1.
del: Vezava z nizkonapetostnim razdelilnim omrežjem - Generatorski postroji do
vključno tipa B
Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel with distribution networks
- Part 1: Connection to a LV distribution network - Generating plants up to and including
Type BAnforderungen für zum Parallelbetrieb mit einem Verteilnetz vorgesehene
Erzeugungsanlagen - Teil 1: Anschluss an das Niederspannungsverteilnetz bis
einschließlich Typ B
Exigences relatives aux centrales électriques destinées à être raccordées en parallèle à
des réseaux de distribution - Partie 1: Raccordement à un réseau de distribution BT -
Centrales électriques jusqu’au Type B inclusTa slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 50549-1:2019
ICS:
29.160.20 Generatorji Generators
29.240.01 Omrežja za prenos in Power transmission and
distribucijo električne energije distribution networks in
na splošno general
SIST EN 50549-1:2019 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 50549-1:2019
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50549-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2019
ICS 29.160.20 Supersedes CLC/TS 50549-1:2015, EN 50438:2013, EN
50438:2013/IS1:2015
English Version
Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel
with distribution networks - Part 1: Connection to a LV
distribution network - Generating plants up to and including Type
Exigences relatives aux centrales électriques destinées à Anforderungen für zum Parallelbetrieb mit einem Verteilnetz
être raccordées en parallèle à des réseaux de distribution - vorgesehene Erzeugungsanlagen - Teil 1: Anschluss an
Partie 1: Raccordement à un réseau de distribution BT - das Niederspannungsverteilnetz bis einschließlich Typ B
Centrales électriques jusqu'au Type B inclusThis European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2018-08-09. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 50549-1:2019 E---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN 50549-1:2019
EN 50549-1:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword ................................................................................................................. 4
Introduction............................................................................................................................. 5
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 8
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................... 9
3 Terms and definitions ....................................................................................................... 9
3.1 General ................................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Plant, module and unit ........................................................................................... 11
3.3 Power .................................................................................................................... 14
3.4 Voltage .................................................................................................................. 15
3.5 Circuit theory ......................................................................................................... 16
3.6 Protection .............................................................................................................. 18
3.7 Control .................................................................................................................. 22
4 Requirements on generating plants ................................................................................ 23
4.1 General ................................................................................................................. 23
4.2 Connection scheme ............................................................................................... 24
4.3 Choice of switchgear ............................................................................................. 24
4.3.1 General ..................................................................................................... 24
4.3.2 Interface switch ......................................................................................... 24
4.4 Normal operating range ......................................................................................... 25
4.4.1 General ..................................................................................................... 25
4.4.2 Operating frequency range ........................................................................ 25
4.4.3 Minimal requirement for active power delivery at underfrequency .............. 26
4.4.4 Continuous operating voltage range .......................................................... 27
4.5 Immunity to disturbances ....................................................................................... 27
4.5.1 General ..................................................................................................... 27
4.5.2 Rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) immunity ....................................... 27
4.5.3 Under-voltage ride through (UVRT) ........................................................... 28
4.5.4 Over-voltage ride through (OVRT) ............................................................. 29
4.6 Active response to frequency deviation ................................................................. 30
4.6.1 Power response to overfrequency .............................................................. 30
4.6.2 Power response to underfrequency............................................................ 33
4.7 Power response to voltage changes ...................................................................... 36
4.7.1 General ..................................................................................................... 36
4.7.2 Voltage support by reactive power ............................................................. 36
4.7.3 Voltage related active power reduction ...................................................... 41
4.7.4 Short circuit current requirements on generating plants ............................. 41
4.8 EMC and power quality ......................................................................................... 42
4.9 Interface protection ............................................................................................... 43
4.9.1 General ..................................................................................................... 43
4.9.2 Void ........................................................................................................... 44
4.9.3 Requirements on voltage and frequency protection .................................... 45
4.9.4 Means to detect island situation ................................................................ 47
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EN 50549-1:2019 (E)
4.9.5 Digital input to the interface protection ...................................................... 48
4.10 Connection and starting to generate electrical power............................................. 48
4.10.1 General ..................................................................................................... 48
4.10.2 Automatic reconnection after tripping ......................................................... 48
4.10.3 Starting to generate electrical power ......................................................... 48
4.10.4 Synchronization ......................................................................................... 49
4.11 Ceasing and reduction of active power on set point ............................................... 49
4.11.1 Ceasing active power ................................................................................ 49
4.11.2 Reduction of active power on set point ...................................................... 49
4.12 Remote information exchange ............................................................................... 49
4.13 Requirements regarding single fault tolerance of interface protection system
and interface switch .............................................................................................. 50
Annex A (informative) Interconnection guidance ................................................................. 51
A.1 General .......................................................................................................................... 51
A.2 Network integration ........................................................................................................ 51
A.3 Clusters of single-phase generating units ....................................................................... 52
Annex B (informative) Void .................................................................................................. 53
Annex C (informative) Parameter Table .............................................................................. 54
Annex D (informative) List of national requirements applicable for generating plants ........... 59
Annex E (informative) Loss of Mains and overall power system security .............................. 61
Annex F (informative) Examples of protection strategies ...................................................... 62
F.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 62
F.1.1 General ................................................................................................................. 62
F.1.2 Generalities ........................................................................................................... 62
F.1.3 Detection of unwanted islands ............................................................................... 62
F.1.4 Problems with uncontrolled islanding in MV networks ............................................ 63
F.1.4.1 Safety ................................................................................................................... 63
F.1.4.2 Grid parameters .................................................................................................... 63
F.1.4.3 Reclosing operations ............................................................................................. 63
F.1.4.4 Protection of islands against overcurrents ............................................................. 63
F.1.4.5 Protection against phase to earth faults ................................................................. 63
F.2 Example strategy 1 ......................................................................................................... 64
F.3 Example strategy 2 ......................................................................................................... 67
Annex G (normative) Abbreviations ...................................................................................... 69
Annex H (informative) Relationship between this European standard and theCOMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2016/631 ................................................................. 70
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 71
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EN 50549-1:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 50549-1:2019) has been prepared by CLC/TC 8X “System aspects of electrical
energy supply”.The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which this document has to be (dop) 2019-08-01
implemented at national level by publication
of an identical national standard or by
endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards (dow) 2022-02-01
conflicting with this document have to
be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 50438:2013 and CLC/TS 50549-1:2015.
This European Standard relates to both the RfG European Network Code and current technical market
needs. Its purpose is to give detailed description of functions to be implemented in products.
This European Standard is also intended to serve as a technical reference for the definition of national
requirements where the RfG European Network Code requirements allow flexible implementation. The
specified requirements are solely technical requirements; economic issues regarding, e.g. the bearing
of cost are not in the scope of this document.CLC/TC 8X plans future standardization work in order to ensure the compatibility of this European
Standard (EN) with the evolution of the legal framework.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
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EN 50549-1:2019 (E)
Introduction
Rationale for the content and structure of this document.
1. Foreword
This Explanatory Note explains the rationale behind the content and structure of prEN 50549-1 and
prEN 50549-2. Due to the unique relationship between COMMISSION REGULATION 2016/631 (RfG)
and the EN 50549 Series, and based on the comments received at the enquiry stage of prEN 50549-1
and prEN 50549-2, TC8X WG03 decided to draft this explanatory note in order to provide national
committees and the wider public with an understanding of these rationale.2. Increased Scope of EN 50549 in relation to RfG
In the tradition of EN 50438, TC8X WG03 intended, in writing of prEN50549, to include all capabilities
of generating plants that are needed to operate these in parallel to distribution networks. This includes
issues necessary for a stable distribution network management as well as the management of the
interconnected system. As RfG is focused on the interconnected system, it is logical that, taking into
account further needs for distribution network management, further aspects are included.
3. Introduction of “Responsible party”During the national implementation process of COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2016/631, different
types of responsible parties play a role in the refinement of the non-exhaustive requirements. In each
member country, the National Regulatory Authority approves this national implementation. Depending
on the national regulatory framework, this might result in a variety of documents: national laws,
decrees or regulations, technical specifications, or requirements of transmission and distribution
system operators. Therefore, as explained in the scope, EN 50549-1 and EN 50549-2 refer to the
“responsible party” where requirements have to be defined by an actor other than the DSO. However
when a generating plant is built and connected to the distribution network, typically the distribution
system operator provides the plant developer all the technical requirements to be fulfilled.
4. Use of termsTerms and definitions are selected to achieve consistency with EN 60050, IEV (cf.
www.electropedia.org) and CENELEC terminology, recognizing that terms in COMMISSION
REGULATION (EU) 2016/631 may deviate.5. Additional requirements for distribution system management
The following requirements are stated in EN 50549 for distribution system management reasons,
which might not be required in RfG or if required in RfG, are not required for type A. As Directive
714/2009 8(7) limits the scope of RfG to issues effecting the cross border trade of electricity,
requirements included solely for the need of distribution system management are considered beyond
the scope of RfG.– Connection scheme and Coordination of switch gear,
– Voltage operating range,
– Reactive power capability and control modes,
– Voltage related active power reduction,
– Interface protection including the detection of island situations,
– Connection and reconnection to the grid,
– Generation curtailment,
– Remote information exchange,
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6. Additional requirements for stability of the interconnected system
Additionally, requirements relevant for the stability of the interconnected systems are included in case
of over voltage ride through (OVRT) as this is not dealt with in RfG. Due to the long duration of RfG
development and the fast development of decentralised generation in Europe robustness to voltage
swells is considered to be of high importance, but apparently could not be included into RfG.
As electrical energy storage system (EESS), are excluded from the scope of RfG, but are included in
the scope of the EN 50549 Series, EN 50549 also includes the further requirement of active power
frequency response to under frequency (LFSM-U) to electrical energy storage systems. This
requirement is considered of great importance in view of the expected fast increase of electrical
energy storage for the next years and is considered not to affect the cost of electrical energy storage
systems if considered during their design.7. Details on the operation of the LFSM-O
During the enquiry stage, some comments reported that certain details in the chapter regarding the
operation of the LFSM-O (e.g. intentional delay, operation with deactivation threshold) were violating
the RfG. These topics have been further evaluated consulting the European Stakeholder Committee
(ESC-GC) and TC8X WG03 could not conclude in the same way. The fact that these operations are
not foreseen in the RfG is considered not sufficient to state any violation. Therefore these details are
kept with additional information on their use.8. Implementation of UVRT and LFSM-U to avoid legal conflict with RfG
Under Voltage Ride Through (UVRT) requirements are defined in RfG for modules type B, type C and
type D. There is no mentioning of this topic for type A modules.Nevertheless UVRT is seen as an important requirement in some member states even for small
generation modules like type A.From a legal point of view there are two contradicting opinions on whether it is allowed or forbidden to
require UVRT for type A modules.– Opinion 1: It can be required because the topic is not dealt with for type A modules.
– Option 2: It cannot be required because the topic UVRT is dealt within the RfG. Not mentioning
UVRT for type A in RfG therefore means that it cannot be required for type A modules.
As long as there is no clarification on this legal issue Cenelec does not have the possibility to require
UVRT for type A modules. This is the reason why in EN 50549-1 and 50549-2 the UVRT
functionalities for type A generating plants are not defined as requirements (shall) but as a
recommendation (should).This same explanation can be applied to the requirements regarding Limited Frequency Sensitive
Mode - Underfrequency (LFSM-U). In RfG, this LFSM-U is solely defined for type C and type D
modules. In EN50549 , LFSM-U is defined as a recommendation (should) for generating modules of
type A and type B. The sole exception is electrical energy storage systems having a requirement
(shall) but these systems are not within the scope of the RfG.9. Annex H - Relationship between this European standard and the COMMISSION
REGULATION (EU) 2016/631.
Manufacturers of generating units and plants shall comply with all relevant EU Directives and
Regulations. For the specific function of connecting the generating plant with the electric system the
reference regulation is COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2016/631 (NC RfG).Since the EN 50549-1 and -2 are covering all technical requirements for type A and type B generating
units, modules and plants, it is considered helpful to provide the information which clause of the
standard supports which article of the RfG in a structured informative annex within the standard.
For other EU Directives and Regulations (e.g. LVD, MD or GAR) it is a formal task given to CCMC to
include such an informative Annex ZZ based on a standardization request from the EU. It is finally
reviewed by the new approach consultant (NAC) for the relevant Directive or Regulation, prior to the
listing of the standard in the official journal of the EU (OJEU) providing then “presumption of
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EN 50549-1:2019 (E)
conformity”. This means that if a product is compliant with the standard, the Directive or Regulations is
fulfilled too.CLC TC 8X is fully aware, that this official procedure is not included in the RfG. Therefore CLC TC 8X
WG3 drafted Annex H. In Annex H the relationship between the clauses and the articles is shown. It is
considered, that generating plants compliant with the clauses of the standards are also compliant with
the articles in the RfG. Of course, this does not provide “presumption of conformity” as a listed
standard in the OJEU would provide. Nevertheless it will be helpful for the industry when performing
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SIST EN 50549-1:2019
EN 50549-1:2019 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies the technical requirements for the protection functions and the operational
capabilities for generating plants, intended to operate in parallel with LV distribution networks.
For practical reasons this document refers to the responsible party where requirements have to be
defined by an actor other than the DSO e.g. TSO, member state, regulatory authorities according to
the legal framework. Typically the DSO will inform the producer about these requirements.
NOTE 1 This includes European network codes and their national implementation, as well as additional
national regulations.NOTE 2 Additional national requirements especially for the connection to the distribution network and the
operation of the generating plant may apply.The requirements of this European Standard apply, irrespective of the kind of energy source and
irrespective of the presence of loads in the producer’s network, to generating plants, generating
modules, electrical machinery and electronic equipment that meet all of the following conditions:
— converting any energy source into AC electricity;— generating modules capacity of type B or smaller according to COMMISSION REGULATION (EU)
2016/631 while considering national implementation for the decision regarding power limits
between A and B types and B and C types;— connected to and operated in parallel with an AC LV distribution network.
NOTE 3 Generating plants connected to a MV distribution network fall into the scope of EN 50549–2.
NOTE 4 Electrical energy storage systems (EESS) in meeting the conditions above are included
If generating modules of different type (A or B) are combined in one plant, different requirements apply
for the different modules based on the type of each module.EXAMPLE: If a generating plant consists of multiple generating modules (see 3.2.1), according to
COMMISSION REGLUATION (EU) 2016/631 the situation might occur, that some generating modules
are of type A and some are of type B.Unless specified otherwise by the DSO and the responsible party, generating plants connected to a
medium voltage distribution network with a maximum apparent power up to 150 kVA can comply with
this European Standard as alternative to the requirements of EN 50549-2. A different threshold may
be defined by the DSO and the responsible party.This document recognizes the existence of specific technical requirements (e.g. grid codes) of the
DSO or another responsible party within a member state and these must be complied with.
Excluded from the scope are:• the selection and evaluation of the point of connection;
• power system impact assessment e.g. assessment of effects on power quality, local voltage
increase, impact on line protections operation;• connection assessment, the set of technical verifications made as part of the planning of the
connection;• island operation of generating plants, both intentional and unintentional, where no part of the
distribution network is involved;• four-quadrant rectifier of drives feeding breaking energy back into the distribution network for
limited duration with no internal source of primary energy;• uninterruptible power supply with duration of parallel operation limited to 100 ms;
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EN 50549-1:2019 (E)
NOTE 5 Parallel operation due to maintenance of uninterruptible power supply units is not seen as part of
normal UPS operation and therefore not considered in this document.• requirements for the safety of personnel as they are already adequately covered by existing
European Standards.• the connection of a generating unit, module or plant into a DC network
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.EN 50549-2, Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel with distribution networks
- Part 2: Connection to a MV distribution network - Generating plants up to and including Type B
EN 60255-127, Measuring relays and protection equipment — Part 127: Functional requirements for
over/under voltage protection (IEC 60255-127)EN 61000-4-30, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-30: Testing and measurement
techniques — Power quality measurement methods (IEC 61000-4-30)HD 60364-1, Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of
general characteristics, definitions (IEC 60364-1)HD 60364-5-551, Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 5-55: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment — Other equipment — Clause 551: Low-voltage generating sets (IEC 60364-5-551)
3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
Note Terms and definitions are selected to achieve consistency with IEV (cf. www.electropedia.org) and
CENELEC terminology, recognizing that terms in COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2016/631 may deviate.
3.1 General3.1.1
distribution network
AC electrical network, including closed distribution networks, for the distribution of electrical power
from and to third parties connected to it, to and from a transmission or another distribution network, for
which a DSO is responsibleNote 1 to entry: A distribution network does not include the producer’s network.
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EN 50549-1:2019 (E)
3.1.2
closed distribution network
system which distributes electricity within an industrial, commercial or shared services site, that is
geographically confined, and does not supply households customers (without excluding the option of a
small number of households served by the system that have an employment or similar associations
with the owner of the system)Note 1 to entry: A closed distribution network will either be used to integrate the production processes of the
network users for specific or technical reasons or distribute electricity primarily to the operator of the closed
distribution network or his related undertakings.[SOURCE: Directive 2009/72/EC, article 28, modified]
3.1.3
distribution system operator
DSO
natural or legal person responsible for the distribution of electrical power to final customers and for
operati...
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SIST EN 50549-1:2019
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Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel with distribution networks
- Part 1-1: Connection to a LV distribution network – Generating plants up to and
including Type AAnforderungen für zum Parallelbetrieb mit einem Verteilnetz vorgesehene
Erzeugungsanlagen - Teil 1: Anschluss an das Niederspannungsverteilnetz bis
einschließlich Typ B
Exigences relatives aux centrales électriques destinées à être raccordées en parallèle à
des réseaux de distribution - Partie 1: Raccordement à un réseau de distribution BT -
Centrales électriques jusqu’au Type B inclusTa slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 50549-1:2019
ICS:
29.160.20 Generatorji Generators
29.240.01 2PUHåMD]DSUHQRVLQ Power transmission and
GLVWULEXFLMRHOHNWULþQHHQHUJLMH distribution networks in
QDVSORãQR general
SIST EN 50549-1:2019 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------SIST EN 50549-1:2019
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SIST EN 50549-1:2019
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50549-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2019
ICS 29.160.20 Supersedes CLC/TS 50549-1:2015, EN 50438:2013, EN
50438:2013/IS1:2015
English Version
Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel
with distribution networks - Part 1: Connection to a LV
distribution network - Generating plants up to and including Type
Exigences relatives aux centrales électriques destinées à Anforderungen für zum Parallelbetrieb mit einem Verteilnetz
être raccordées en parallèle à des réseaux de distribution - vorgesehene Erzeugungsanlagen - Teil 1: Anschluss an
Partie 1: Raccordement à un réseau de distribution BT - das Niederspannungsverteilnetz bis einschließlich Typ B
Centrales électriques jusqu'au Type B inclusThis European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2018-08-09. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 50549-1:2019 E---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN 50549-1:2019
EN 50549-1:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword ................................................................................................................. 4
Introduction............................................................................................................................. 5
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 8
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................... 9
3 Terms and definitions ....................................................................................................... 9
3.1 General ................................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Plant, module and unit ........................................................................................... 11
3.3 Power .................................................................................................................... 14
3.4 Voltage .................................................................................................................. 15
3.5 Circuit theory ......................................................................................................... 16
3.6 Protection .............................................................................................................. 18
3.7 Control .................................................................................................................. 22
4 Requirements on generating plants ................................................................................ 23
4.1 General ................................................................................................................. 23
4.2 Connection scheme ............................................................................................... 24
4.3 Choice of switchgear ............................................................................................. 24
4.3.1 General ..................................................................................................... 24
4.3.2 Interface switch ......................................................................................... 24
4.4 Normal operating range ......................................................................................... 25
4.4.1 General ..................................................................................................... 25
4.4.2 Operating frequency range ........................................................................ 25
4.4.3 Minimal requirement for active power delivery at underfrequency .............. 26
4.4.4 Continuous operating voltage range .......................................................... 27
4.5 Immunity to disturbances ....................................................................................... 27
4.5.1 General ..................................................................................................... 27
4.5.2 Rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) immunity ....................................... 27
4.5.3 Under-voltage ride through (UVRT) ........................................................... 28
4.5.4 Over-voltage ride through (OVRT) ............................................................. 29
4.6 Active response to frequency deviation ................................................................. 30
4.6.1 Power response to overfrequency .............................................................. 30
4.6.2 Power response to underfrequency............................................................ 33
4.7 Power response to voltage changes ...................................................................... 36
4.7.1 General ..................................................................................................... 36
4.7.2 Voltage support by reactive power ............................................................. 36
4.7.3 Voltage related active power reduction ...................................................... 41
4.7.4 Short circuit current requirements on generating plants ............................. 41
4.8 EMC and power quality ......................................................................................... 42
4.9 Interface protection ............................................................................................... 43
4.9.1 General ..................................................................................................... 43
4.9.2 Void ........................................................................................................... 44
4.9.3 Requirements on voltage and frequency protection .................................... 45
4.9.4 Means to detect island situation ................................................................ 47
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4.9.5 Digital input to the interface protection ...................................................... 48
4.10 Connection and starting to generate electrical power............................................. 48
4.10.1 General ..................................................................................................... 48
4.10.2 Automatic reconnection after tripping ......................................................... 48
4.10.3 Starting to generate electrical power ......................................................... 48
4.10.4 Synchronization ......................................................................................... 49
4.11 Ceasing and reduction of active power on set point ............................................... 49
4.11.1 Ceasing active power ................................................................................ 49
4.11.2 Reduction of active power on set point ...................................................... 49
4.12 Remote information exchange ............................................................................... 49
4.13 Requirements regarding single fault tolerance of interface protection system
and interface switch .............................................................................................. 50
Annex A (informative) Interconnection guidance ................................................................. 51
A.1 General .......................................................................................................................... 51
A.2 Network integration ........................................................................................................ 51
A.3 Clusters of single-phase generating units ....................................................................... 52
Annex B (informative) Void .................................................................................................. 53
Annex C (informative) Parameter Table .............................................................................. 54
Annex D (informative) List of national requirements applicable for generating plants ........... 59
Annex E (informative) Loss of Mains and overall power system security .............................. 61
Annex F (informative) Examples of protection strategies ...................................................... 62
F.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 62
F.1.1 General ................................................................................................................. 62
F.1.2 Generalities ........................................................................................................... 62
F.1.3 Detection of unwanted islands ............................................................................... 62
F.1.4 Problems with uncontrolled islanding in MV networks ............................................ 63
F.1.4.1 Safety ................................................................................................................... 63
F.1.4.2 Grid parameters .................................................................................................... 63
F.1.4.3 Reclosing operations ............................................................................................. 63
F.1.4.4 Protection of islands against overcurrents ............................................................. 63
F.1.4.5 Protection against phase to earth faults ................................................................. 63
F.2 Example strategy 1 ......................................................................................................... 64
F.3 Example strategy 2 ......................................................................................................... 67
Annex G (normative) Abbreviations ...................................................................................... 69
Annex H (informative) Relationship between this European standard and theCOMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2016/631 ................................................................. 70
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 71
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European foreword
This document (EN 50549-1:2019) has been prepared by CLC/TC 8X “System aspects of electrical
energy supply”.The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which this document has to be (dop) 2019-08-01
implemented at national level by publication
of an identical national standard or by
endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards (dow) 2022-02-01
conflicting with this document have to
be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 50438:2013 and CLC/TS 50549-1:2015.
This European Standard relates to both the RfG European Network Code and current technical market
needs. Its purpose is to give detailed description of functions to be implemented in products.
This European Standard is also intended to serve as a technical reference for the definition of national
requirements where the RfG European Network Code requirements allow flexible implementation. The
specified requirements are solely technical requirements; economic issues regarding, e.g. the bearing
of cost are not in the scope of this document.CLC/TC 8X plans future standardization work in order to ensure the compatibility of this European
Standard (EN) with the evolution of the legal framework.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
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Introduction
Rationale for the content and structure of this document.
1. Foreword
This Explanatory Note explains the rationale behind the content and structure of prEN 50549-1 and
prEN 50549-2. Due to the unique relationship between COMMISSION REGULATION 2016/631 (RfG)
and the EN 50549 Series, and based on the comments received at the enquiry stage of prEN 50549-1
and prEN 50549-2, TC8X WG03 decided to draft this explanatory note in order to provide national
committees and the wider public with an understanding of these rationale.2. Increased Scope of EN 50549 in relation to RfG
In the tradition of EN 50438, TC8X WG03 intended, in writing of prEN50549, to include all capabilities
of generating plants that are needed to operate these in parallel to distribution networks. This includes
issues necessary for a stable distribution network management as well as the management of the
interconnected system. As RfG is focused on the interconnected system, it is logical that, taking into
account further needs for distribution network management, further aspects are included.
3. Introduction of “Responsible party”During the national implementation process of COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2016/631, different
types of responsible parties play a role in the refinement of the non-exhaustive requirements. In each
member country, the National Regulatory Authority approves this national implementation. Depending
on the national regulatory framework, this might result in a variety of documents: national laws,
decrees or regulations, technical specifications, or requirements of transmission and distribution
system operators. Therefore, as explained in the scope, EN 50549-1 and EN 50549-2 refer to the
“responsible party” where requirements have to be defined by an actor other than the DSO. However
when a generating plant is built and connected to the distribution network, typically the distribution
system operator provides the plant developer all the technical requirements to be fulfilled.
4. Use of termsTerms and definitions are selected to achieve consistency with EN 60050, IEV (cf.
www.electropedia.org) and CENELEC terminology, recognizing that terms in COMMISSION
REGULATION (EU) 2016/631 may deviate.5. Additional requirements for distribution system management
The following requirements are stated in EN 50549 for distribution system management reasons,
which might not be required in RfG or if required in RfG, are not required for type A. As Directive
714/2009 8(7) limits the scope of RfG to issues effecting the cross border trade of electricity,
requirements included solely for the need of distribution system management are considered beyond
the scope of RfG.– Connection scheme and Coordination of switch gear,
– Voltage operating range,
– Reactive power capability and control modes,
– Voltage related active power reduction,
– Interface protection including the detection of island situations,
– Connection and reconnection to the grid,
– Generation curtailment,
– Remote information exchange,
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6. Additional requirements for stability of the interconnected system
Additionally, requirements relevant for the stability of the interconnected systems are included in case
of over voltage ride through (OVRT) as this is not dealt with in RfG. Due to the long duration of RfG
development and the fast development of decentralised generation in Europe robustness to voltage
swells is considered to be of high importance, but apparently could not be included into RfG.
As electrical energy storage system (EESS), are excluded from the scope of RfG, but are included in
the scope of the EN 50549 Series, EN 50549 also includes the further requirement of active power
frequency response to under frequency (LFSM-U) to electrical energy storage systems. This
requirement is considered of great importance in view of the expected fast increase of electrical
energy storage for the next years and is considered not to affect the cost of electrical energy storage
systems if considered during their design.7. Details on the operation of the LFSM-O
During the enquiry stage, some comments reported that certain details in the chapter regarding the
operation of the LFSM-O (e.g. intentional delay, operation with deactivation threshold) were violating
the RfG. These topics have been further evaluated consulting the European Stakeholder Committee
(ESC-GC) and TC8X WG03 could not conclude in the same way. The fact that these operations are
not foreseen in the RfG is considered not sufficient to state any violation. Therefore these details are
kept with additional information on their use.8. Implementation of UVRT and LFSM-U to avoid legal conflict with RfG
Under Voltage Ride Through (UVRT) requirements are defined in RfG for modules type B, type C and
type D. There is no mentioning of this topic for type A modules.Nevertheless UVRT is seen as an important requirement in some member states even for small
generation modules like type A.From a legal point of view there are two contradicting opinions on whether it is allowed or forbidden to
require UVRT for type A modules.– Opinion 1: It can be required because the topic is not dealt with for type A modules.
– Option 2: It cannot be required because the topic UVRT is dealt within the RfG. Not mentioning
UVRT for type A in RfG therefore means that it cannot be required for type A modules.
As long as there is no clarification on this legal issue Cenelec does not have the possibility to require
UVRT for type A modules. This is the reason why in EN 50549-1 and 50549-2 the UVRT
functionalities for type A generating plants are not defined as requirements (shall) but as a
recommendation (should).This same explanation can be applied to the requirements regarding Limited Frequency Sensitive
Mode - Underfrequency (LFSM-U). In RfG, this LFSM-U is solely defined for type C and type D
modules. In EN50549 , LFSM-U is defined as a recommendation (should) for generating modules of
type A and type B. The sole exception is electrical energy storage systems having a requirement
(shall) but these systems are not within the scope of the RfG.9. Annex H - Relationship between this European standard and the COMMISSION
REGULATION (EU) 2016/631.
Manufacturers of generating units and plants shall comply with all relevant EU Directives and
Regulations. For the specific function of connecting the generating plant with the electric system the
reference regulation is COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2016/631 (NC RfG).Since the EN 50549-1 and -2 are covering all technical requirements for type A and type B generating
units, modules and plants, it is considered helpful to provide the information which clause of the
standard supports which article of the RfG in a structured informative annex within the standard.
For other EU Directives and Regulations (e.g. LVD, MD or GAR) it is a formal task given to CCMC to
include such an informative Annex ZZ based on a standardization request from the EU. It is finally
reviewed by the new approach consultant (NAC) for the relevant Directive or Regulation, prior to the
listing of the standard in the official journal of the EU (OJEU) providing then “presumption of
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EN 50549-1:2019 (E)
conformity”. This means that if a product is compliant with the standard, the Directive or Regulations is
fulfilled too.CLC TC 8X is fully aware, that this official procedure is not included in the RfG. Therefore CLC TC 8X
WG3 drafted Annex H. In Annex H the relationship between the clauses and the articles is shown. It is
considered, that generating plants compliant with the clauses of the standards are also compliant with
the articles in the RfG. Of course, this does not provide “presumption of conformity” as a listed
standard in the OJEU would provide. Nevertheless it will be helpful for the industry when performing
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1 Scope
This document specifies the technical requirements for the protection functions and the operational
capabilities for generating plants, intended to operate in parallel with LV distribution networks.
For practical reasons this document refers to the responsible party where requirements have to be
defined by an actor other than the DSO e.g. TSO, member state, regulatory authorities according to
the legal framework. Typically the DSO will inform the producer about these requirements.
NOTE 1 This includes European network codes and their national implementation, as well as additional
national regulations.NOTE 2 Additional national requirements especially for the connection to the distribution network and the
operation of the generating plant may apply.The requirements of this European Standard apply, irrespective of the kind of energy source and
irrespective of the presence of loads in the producer’s network, to generating plants, generating
modules, electrical machinery and electronic equipment that meet all of the following conditions:
— converting any energy source into AC electricity;— generating modules capacity of type B or smaller according to COMMISSION REGULATION (EU)
2016/631 while considering national implementation for the decision regarding power limits
between A and B types and B and C types;— connected to and operated in parallel with an AC LV distribution network.
NOTE 3 Generating plants connected to a MV distribution network fall into the scope of EN 50549–2.
NOTE 4 Electrical energy storage systems (EESS) in meeting the conditions above are included
If generating modules of different type (A or B) are combined in one plant, different requirements apply
for the different modules based on the type of each module.EXAMPLE: If a generating plant consists of multiple generating modules (see 3.2.1), according to
COMMISSION REGLUATION (EU) 2016/631 the situation might occur, that some generating modules
are of type A and some are of type B.Unless specified otherwise by the DSO and the responsible party, generating plants connected to a
medium voltage distribution network with a maximum apparent power up to 150 kVA can comply with
this European Standard as alternative to the requirements of EN 50549-2. A different threshold may
be defined by the DSO and the responsible party.This document recognizes the existence of specific technical requirements (e.g. grid codes) of the
DSO or another responsible party within a member state and these must be complied with.
Excluded from the scope are:• the selection and evaluation of the point of connection;
• power system impact assessment e.g. assessment of effects on power quality, local voltage
increase, impact on line protections operation;• connection assessment, the set of technical verifications made as part of the planning of the
connection;• island operation of generating plants, both intentional and unintentional, where no part of the
distribution network is involved;• four-quadrant rectifier of drives feeding breaking energy back into the distribution network for
limited duration with no internal source of primary energy;• uninterruptible power supply with duration of parallel operation limited to 100 ms;
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EN 50549-1:2019 (E)
NOTE 5 Parallel operation due to maintenance of uninterruptible power supply units is not seen as part of
normal UPS operation and therefore not considered in this document.• requirements for the safety of personnel as they are already adequately covered by existing
European Standards.• the connection of a generating unit, module or plant into a DC network
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.EN 50549-2, Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel with distribution networks
- Part 2: Connection to a MV distribution network - Generating plants up to and including Type B
EN 60255-127, Measuring relays and protection equipment — Part 127: Functional requirements for
over/under voltage protection (IEC 60255-127)EN 61000-4-30, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-30: Testing and measurement
techniques — Power quality measurement methods (IEC 61000-4-30)HD 60364-1, Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of
general characteristics, definitions (IEC 60364-1)HD 60364-5-551, Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 5-55: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment — Other equipment — Clause 551: Low-voltage generating sets (IEC 60364-5-551)
3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
Note Terms and definitions are selected to achieve consistency with IEV (cf. www.electropedia.org) and
CENELEC terminology, recognizing that terms in COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2016/631 may deviate.
3.1 General3.1.1
distribution network
AC electrical network, including closed distribution networks, for the distribution of electrical power
from and to third parties connected to it, to and from a transmission or another distribution network, for
which a DSO is responsibleNote 1 to entry: A distribution network does not include the producer’s network.
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EN 50549-1:2019 (E)
3.1.2
closed distribution network
system which distributes electricity within an industrial, commercial or shared services site, that is
geographically confined, and does not supply households customers (without excluding the option of a
small number of households served by the system that have an employment or similar associations
with the owner of the system)Note 1 to entry: A closed distribution network will either be used to integrate the production processes of the
network users for specific or technical reasons or distribute electricity primarily to the operator of the closed
distribution network or his related undertakings.[SOURCE: Directive 2009/72/EC, article 28, modified]
3.1.3
distribution system operator
DSO
natural or legal person responsible for the distribution of electrical power to final cust
...S L O V E N S K I SIST EN 50549-1
S T A N D A R D april 2019
Zahteve za vzporedno vezavo generatorskih postrojev z razdelilnim
omrežjem – 1. del: Vezava z nizkonapetostnim razdelilnim omrežjem –
Generatorski postroji do vključno tipa B
Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel with distribution
networks – Part 1: Connection to a LV distribution network – Generating plants up
to and including Type BExigences relatives aux centrales électriques destinées à être raccordées en
parallèle à des réseaux de distribution – Partie 1: Raccordement à un réseau de
distribution BT – Centrales électriques jusqu'au Type B inclus
Anforderungen für zum Parallelbetrieb mit einem Verteilnetz vorgesehene
Erzeugungsanlagen – Teil 1: Anschluss an das Niederspannungsverteilnetz bis
einschließlich Typ B
Referenčna oznaka
ICS 22.160.20; 29.240.01 SIST EN 50549-1:2019 (sl)
Nadaljevanje na straneh II do III in od 1 do 72
2022-12. Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------SIST EN 50549-1 : 2019
NACIONALNI UVOD
Standard SIST EN 50549-1 (sl), Zahteve za vzporedno vezavo generatorskih postrojev z razdelilnim
omrežjem – 1. del: Vezava z nizkonapetostnim razdelilnim omrežjem – Generatorski postroji do vključno
tipa B, 2019, ima status slovenskega standarda in je istoveten evropskemu standardu EN 50549-1 (en),
Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel with distribution networks – Part 1:
Connection to a LV distribution network – Generating plants up to and including Type B, 2019.
Ta standard nadomešča SIST-TS CLC/TS 50549-1:2015.NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Evropski standard EN 50549-1:2019 je pripravil tehnični odbor Evropskega komiteja za standardizacijo
v elektrotehniki CLC/TC 8X Sistemski vidiki oskrbe z električno energijo.Slovenski standard SIST EN 50549-1:2019 je prevod evropskega standarda EN 50549-1:2019. V
primeru spora glede besedila slovenskega prevoda v tem standardu je odločilen izvirni evropski
standard v angleškem jeziku. Slovensko izdajo standarda je pripravil tehnični odbor SIST/NTF Oskrba
z električno energijo.Odločitev za privzem tega standarda je v marcu 2019 sprejel tehnični odbor SIST/TC NTF Oskrba z
električno energijo.ZVEZE S STANDARDI
S privzemom tega evropskega standarda veljajo za omejeni namen referenčnih standardov vsi
standardi, navedeni v izvirniku, razen standarda, ki je že sprejet v nacionalno standardizacijo:
SIST EN 50549-2 Zahteve za vzporedno vezavo generatorskih postrojev z razdelilnim omrežjem
– 2. del: Vezava s srednjenapetostnim razdelilnim omrežjem do vključno tipaSIST EN 60255-127 Merilni releji in zaščitna oprema - 127. del: Funkcijske zahteve za pre- in
podnapetostno zaščito (IEC 60255-127)SIST EN 61000-4-30 Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) - 4-30. del: Preskusne in merilne tehnike
- Metode merjenja kakovosti napetosti (IEC 61000-4-30)SIST HD 60364-1 Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije - 1. del: Temeljna načela, ocena
splošnih karakteristik, definicijeSIST HD 60364-5-551 Nizkonapetostne električne inštalacije - 5-55. del: Izbira in namestitev
električne opreme - Druga oprema - 551. točka: Nizkonapetostni generatorjiOSNOVA ZA IZDAJO STANDARDA
– privzem standarda EN 50549-1:2019
PREDHODNA IZDAJA
– SIST-TS CLC/TS 50549-1:2015, Zahteve za priklop generatorjev za toke nad 16 A na fazo – 1. del:
Priklop na nizkonapetostni distribucijski sistemOPOMBE
– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz “evropski standard”, v SIST EN 50549-1:2019
to pomeni “slovenski standard”.– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del standarda.
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN 50549-1 : 2019
– Ta nacionalni dokument je istoveten EN 50549-1:2019 in je objavljen z dovoljenjem
CEN-CENELECUpravni center
Rue de la Science 23
B-1040 Bruselj
This national document is identical with EN 50549-1:2019 and is published with the permission of
CEN-CENELECManagement Centre
Rue de la Science
B-1040 Brussels
III
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SIST EN 50549-1 : 2019
(prazna stran)
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
EVROPSKI STANDARD EN 50549-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
februar 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 29.160.20 Nadomešča CLC/TS 50549-1:2015, EN 50438:2013,
EN 50438:2013/IS1:2015
Slovenska izdaja
Zahteve za vzporedno vezavo generatorskih postrojev z razdelilnim
omrežjem – 1. del: Vezava z nizkonapetostnim razdelilnim omrežjem –
Generatorski postroji do vključno tipa B
Requirements for generating Exigences relatives aux Anforderungen für zum
plants to be connected in centrales électriques destinées Parallelbetrieb mit einem
parallel with distribution à être raccordées en parallèle à Verteilnetz vorgesehene
networks – Part 1: Connection des réseaux de distribution – Erzeugungsanlagen –to a LV distribution network – Partie 1: Raccordement à un Teil 1: Anschluss an das
Generating plants up to and réseau de distribution BT – Niederspannungsverteilnetz bis
including Type B Centrales électriques jusqu'au einschließlich Typ BType B inclus
Ta evropski standard je CENELEC sprejel 9. avgusta 2018. Člani CENELEC morajo izpolnjevati
notranje predpise CEN/CENELEC, s katerimi so predpisani pogoji za privzem tega evropskega
standarda na nacionalno raven brez kakršnihkoli sprememb.Najnovejši seznami teh nacionalnih standardov z njihovimi bibliografskimi podatki se na zahtevo lahko
dobijo pri Upravnem centru CEN-CENELEC ali kateremkoli članu CENELEC.Ta evropski standard obstaja v treh uradnih izdajah (angleški, francoski in nemški). Izdaje v drugih
jezikih, ki jih člani CENELEC na lastno odgovornost prevedejo in izdajo ter prijavijo pri Upravnem centru
CEN-CENELEC, veljajo kot uradne izdaje.Člani CENELEC so nacionalni elektrotehniški komiteji Avstrije, Belgije, Bolgarije, Cipra, Češke
republike, Danske, Estonije, Finske, Francije, Hrvaške, Grčije, Irske, Islandije, Italije, Latvije, Litve,
Luksemburga, Malte, Nekdanje jugoslovanske republike Makedonije, Madžarske, Nemčije,
Nizozemske, Norveške, Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije, Slovaške, Slovenije, Srbije, Španije, Švedske,
Švice, Turčije in Združenega kraljestva.CENELEC
Evropski komite za standardizacijo v elektrotehniki
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Upravni center CEN-CENELEC: Rue de la Science 23, B-1000 Brussels
© 2019 CENELEC Vse pravice do izkoriščanja v kakršnikoli obliki in na kakršenkoli Ref. oznaka EN 50549-1:2019 E
način imajo nacionalni člani CENELEC.---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST EN 50549-1 : 2019
VSEBINA Stran
Evropski predgovor .................................................................................................................................. 4
Uvod ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
1 Področje uporabe ................................................................................................................................ 8
2 Zveze s standardi ................................................................................................................................ 9
3 Izrazi in definicije ................................................................................................................................. 9
3.1 Splošno ............................................................................................................................................. 9
3.2 Postroj, modul in enota ...................................................................................................................11
3.3 Moč .................................................................................................................................................13
3.4 Napetost .........................................................................................................................................14
3.5 Teorija vezij ....................................................................................................................................15
3.6 Zaščita ............................................................................................................................................17
3.7 Krmiljenje ........................................................................................................................................21
3.8 Toleranca posamezne okvare .........................................................................................................22
3.9 Istovzročne odpovedi, odpovedi s skupnim vzrokom ......................................................................23
4 Zahteve za proizvodne postroje ........................................................................................................23
4.1 Splošno ...........................................................................................................................................23
4.2 Shema priključitve ..........................................................................................................................24
4.3 Izbira stikalne naprave ....................................................................................................................24
4.3.1 Splošno ........................................................................................................................................24
4.3.2 Vmesniško stikalo ........................................................................................................................24
4.4 Normalno območje delovanja .........................................................................................................25
4.4.1 Splošno ........................................................................................................................................25
4.4.2 Območje obratovalnih frekvenc ...................................................................................................25
4.4.3 Minimalne zahteve za dobavo delovne energije pri podfrekvenci ...............................................25
4.4.4 Območje neprekinjene obratovalne napetosti .............................................................................26
4.5 Odpornost proti motnjam ................................................................................................................27
4.5.1 Splošno ........................................................................................................................................27
4.5.2 Stopnja odpornosti proti spremembi frekvence (ROCOF) ..........................................................27
4.5.3 Podnapetostno obratovanje (UVRT) ...........................................................................................27
4.5.4 Prenapetostno obratovanje (OVRT) ............................................................................................29
4.6 Aktivni odziv na odstopanje frekvence ...........................................................................................30
4.6.1 Odziv električne moči na nadfrekvenco .......................................................................................30
4.6.2 Odziv električne moči na podfrekvenco .......................................................................................33
4.7 Odziv električne moči na spremembe napetosti ............................................................................36
4.7.1 Splošno ........................................................................................................................................36
4.7.2 Napetostna podpora z jalovo močjo ............................................................................................36
4.7.3 Zmanjšanje delovne moči, povezano z napetostjo .....................................................................41
4.7.4 Zahteve glede toka kratkega stika v proizvodnih postrojih ..........................................................41
4.8 EMC in kakovost električne energije ..............................................................................................42
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------SIST EN 50549-1 : 2019
4.9 Vmesniška zaščita ..........................................................................................................................43
4.9.1 Splošno ........................................................................................................................................43
4.9.2 Prazno .........................................................................................................................................45
4.9.3 Zahteve za napetostno in frekvenčno zaščito .............................................................................45
4.9.4 Sredstva za odkrivanje otočenja .................................................................................................47
4.9.5 Digitalni vhod na vmesniški zaščiti ..............................................................................................48
4.10 Priključitev in začetek proizvodnje električne energije .................................................................48
4.10.1 Splošno ......................................................................................................................................48
4.10.2 Avtomatski ponovni vklop po izklopu .........................................................................................48
4.10.3 Začetek proizvodnje električne energije ....................................................................................49
4.10.4 Sinhronizacija ............................................................................................................................49
4.11 Prekinitev in zmanjšanje delovne moči na nastavitveni točki .......................................................50
4.11.1 Prekinitev delovne moči ............................................................................................................50
4.11.2 Zmanjšanje delovne moči na nastavitveni točki ........................................................................50
4.12 Izmenjava informacij na daljavo ....................................................................................................50
4.13 Zahteve za toleranco posamezne okvare vmesniškega zaščitnega sistema invmesniškega stikala .........................................................................................................................51
Dodatek A (informativni): Navodila za medsebojne povezave ..............................................................52
A.1 Splošno ..........................................................................................................................................52
A.2 Omrežna integriteta ........................................................................................................................52
A.3 Skupine enofaznih proizvodnih enot ..............................................................................................53
Dodatek B (informativni): Prazno ..........................................................................................................54
Dodatek C (informativni): Preglednica parametrov ...............................................................................55
Dodatek D (informativni): Seznam nacionalnih zahtev, ki veljajo za proizvodne postroje ....................60
Dodatek E (informativni): Izpad omrežja in splošna varnost elektroenergetskega sistema ..................62
Dodatek F (informativni): Primeri strategij zaščite ..................................................................................63
F.1 Uvod ...............................................................................................................................................63
F.1.1 Splošno .......................................................................................................................................63
F.1.2 Splošne vsebine ..........................................................................................................................63
F.1.3 Odkrivanje neželenih otokov ........................................................................................................63
F.1.4 Težave z nenadzorovanim otočenjem v srednjenapetostnih omrežjih .......................................64
F.1.4.1 Varnost .....................................................................................................................................64
F.1.4.2 Omrežni parametri ....................................................................................................................64
F.1.4.3 Delovanje ponovnega vklopa ...................................................................................................64
F.1.4.4 Zaščita otokov pred nadtoki .....................................................................................................64
F.1.4.5 Zaščita pred okvarami med fazo in zemljo ...............................................................................64
F.2 Primer strategije 1 ..........................................................................................................................65
F.3 Primer strategije 2 ..........................................................................................................................68
Dodatek G (normativni): Kratice ............................................................................................................70
Dodatek H (informativni): Razmerje med tem evropskim standardom in UredboKomisije (EU) 2016/631 ...................................................................................................................71
Literatura ................................................................................................................................................72
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------SIST EN 50549-1 : 2019
Evropski predgovor
Ta dokument (EN 50549-1:2019) je pripravil tehnični odbor CLC/TC 8X "Sistemski vidiki oskrbe z
električno energijo".Določena sta naslednja datuma:
‒ najpoznejši datum, do katerega mora dobiti ta dokument status (dop) 2019-08-01
nacionalnega standarda z objavo istovetnega besedila ali
razglasitvijo
‒ zadnji datum, do katerega je treba razveljaviti nacionalne (dow) 2022-02-01
standarde, ki so v nasprotju s tem dokumentom
Ta dokument nadomešča EN 50438:2013 in CLC/TS 50549-1:2015.
Ta evropski standard se nanaša na evropski omrežni kodeks RfG in na trenutne tehnične potrebe trga.
Njegov namen je podrobno opisati funkcije, ki jih je treba uveljaviti pri izdelkih.
Ta evropski standard je namenjen tudi kot tehnična referenca za opredelitev nacionalnih zahtev, kadar
zahteve evropskega omrežnega kodeksa RfG omogočajo prilagodljivo izvajanje. Navedene zahteve so
izključno tehnične zahteve; ekonomska vprašanja v zvezi z npr. stroški niso vključeni v področje uporabe
tega dokumenta.Tehnični odbor CLC/TC 8X načrtuje nadaljevanje dela na tem področju standardizacije, da bi zagotovil
združljivost tega evropskega standarda (EN) z razvojem pravnega okvira.Opozoriti je treba na možnost, da bi lahko bil kateri od elementov tega dokumenta predmet patentnih
pravic. CENELEC ni odgovoren za identificiranje nobene ali vseh takih patentnih pravic.
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------SIST EN 50549-1 : 2019
Uvod
Utemeljitev področja uporabe in strukture tega dokumenta
1 Predgovor
Ta pojasnjevalna opomba pojasnjuje utemeljitev področja uporabe in strukture prEN 50549-1 in prEN
50549-2. Zaradi edinstvenega odnosa med Uredbo Komisije 2016/631 (RfG) in skupino standardov EN
50549 ter na podlagi pripomb, prejetih na stopnji poizvedbe prEN 50549-1 in prEN 50549-2, se je TC 8X
WG 03 odločil zasnovati to pojasnilo, da bi nacionalnim odborom in širši javnosti zagotovil razumevanje
teh razlogov.2 Povečan obseg EN 50549 v zvezi z RfG
V skladu s standardom EN 50438 je TC 8X WG 03 pri pisanju prEN 50549 nameraval vanj vključiti vse
zmogljivosti proizvodnih postrojev, ki so potrebne za njihovo delovanje vzporedno z distribucijskimi
omrežji. To vključuje vprašanja, potrebna za stabilno upravljanje distribucijskega omrežja, ter tudi za
upravljanje interkonekcijskega sistema. Ker je RfG osredotočen na interkonekcijski sistem, je logično,
da se ob upoštevanju nadaljnjih potreb po upravljanju distribucijskega omrežja vključijo še drugi vidiki.
3 Uvedba "odgovorne stranke"Med nacionalnim postopkom izvajanja Uredbe Komisije (EU) 2016/631 imajo različne vrste odgovornih
strank vlogo pri izpopolnjevanju neizčrpnih zahtev. V vsaki državi članici nacionalni regulativni organ
odobri to nacionalno izvajanje. Glede na nacionalni regulativni okvir bi zato lahko na tej podlagi nastali
različni dokumenti: nacionalni zakoni, uredbe ali predpisi, tehnične specifikacije ali zahteve operaterjev
prenosnih in distribucijskih sistemov. Zato se, kot je razloženo v področju uporabe, EN 50549-1 in EN
50549-2 nanašata na "odgovorno stranko", kjer mora zahteve opredeliti drug deležnik, in ne operater
distribucijskega omrežja. Ko pa je proizvodni postroj (elektrarna) zgrajen in priključen na distribucijsko
omrežje, navadno operater distribucijskega omrežja navede razvijalcu postroja vse tehnične zahteve, ki
jih je treba izpolniti.4 Uporaba izrazov
Izrazi in definicije so izbrani tako, da so skladni z EN 60050, IEV (prim. www.electropedia.org) in
terminologijo CENELEC, ob zavedanju, da se izrazi v Uredbi Komisije (EU) 2016/631 lahko razlikujejo.
5 Dodatne zahteve za upravljanje distribucijskega sistemaZahteve v nadaljevanju so navedene v standardu EN 50549 zaradi razlogov upravljanja distribucijskega
sistema, ki morda niso potrebni v RfG, oziroma če so potrebni v RfG, niso potrebni za tip A. Ker Direktiva
714/2009 8 (7) omejuje področje uporabe RfG na vprašanja pri čezmejni trgovini z električno energijo,
se zahteve, vključene izključno za potrebe upravljanja distribucijskega sistema, obravnavajo zunaj
področja uporabe RfG:‒ shema priključitve in usklajevanje stikalne opreme,
‒ napetostno območje delovanja,
‒ zmogljivost jalove moči in načini nadzorovanja,
‒ zmanjšanje delovne moči glede na napetost,
‒ zaščita vmesnika, vključno z odkrivanjem otočnih situacij,
‒ priključitev in ponovni vklop omrežja,
‒ zmanjšanje proizvodnje,
‒ izmenjava informacij na daljavo.
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN 50549-1 : 2019
6 Dodatne zahteve za stabilnost interkonekcijskega sistema
Dodatno so vključene zahteve za stabilnost interkonekcijskih sistemov v primeru obratovanja v stanju
prenapetosti (OVRT), saj tega RfG ne obravnava. Zaradi dolgotrajnega razvoja RfG in hitrega razvoja
razpršene proizvodnje v Evropi je odpornost proti napetostnim grbinam zelo pomembna, vendar je
očitno ni bilo mogoče vključiti v RfG.Ker so sistemi za shranjevanje električne energije (EESS) izključeni iz področja uporabe RfG, vendar
so vključeni v področje uporabe skupine standardov EN 50549, vključuje EN 50549 tudi dodatno
zahtevo po odzivanju delovne moči omrežne frekvence na podfrekvenco (LFSM-U) sistemov za
shranjevanje električne energije. Ta zahteva je zelo pomembna glede na pričakovano hitro rast
shranjevanja električne energije v naslednjih letih in se šteje, da ne bo vplivala na stroške sistemov za
shranjevanje električne energije, če bo že upoštevana pri njihovi zasnovi.7 Podrobnosti o delovanju LFSM-O
V fazi poizvedbe so nekateri komentarji poročali, da nekatere podrobnosti v poglavju o delovanju LFSM-
O (npr. namerna zamuda, obratovanje z dezaktivacijskim pragom) kršijo RfG. Te teme so bile dodatno
ovrednotene v posvetovanju z Evropskim odborom deležnikov (ESC-GC) in delovna skupina TC 8X
WG 03 ni mogla sklepati na enak način. Dejstvo, da te operacije v RfG niso predvidene, se šteje, da ne
zadostuje za navedbo katerekoli kršitve. Zato se ti podatki hranijo z dodatnimi informacijami o njihovi
uporabi.8 Izvajanje UVRT in LFSM-U za izogibanje pravnemu sporu z RfG
Zahteve za podnapetostno obratovanje (UVRT) so opredeljene v RfG za module tipa B, tipa C in tipa D.
Za module tipa A se ta tema ne omenja.Kljub temu se UVRT v nekaterih državah članicah obravnava kot pomembna zahteva tudi pri malih
proizvodnih modulih (malih elektrarnah), kot je tip A.S pravnega vidika obstajata dve nasprotujoči si mnenji o tem, ali je dovoljeno ali prepovedano zahtevati
UVRT za module tipa A.‒ Možnost 1: se lahko zahteva, ker tema ni obravnavana za module tipa A.
‒ Možnost 2: ni mogoče zahtevati, ker je tema UVRT obravnavana v okviru RfG. Poleg tega UVRT
za tip A v RfG zato pomeni, da ga za module tipa A ni mogoče zahtevati.Dokler to pravno vprašanje ni pojasnjeno, CENELEC nima možnosti zahtevati UVRT za module tipa A.
To je razlog, zakaj v EN 50549-1 in 50549-2 funkcionalnosti UVRT za proizvodne postroje tipa A niso
opredeljene kot zahteve (morajo), ampak kot priporočila (naj).Isto razlago je mogoče uporabiti za zahteve v zvezi z omejenim frekvenčno občutljivim načinom –
podfrekvenco (LFSM -U). V RfG je ta LFSM-U določen izključno za module tipa C in tipa D. V standardu
EN 50549 je LFSM-U opredeljen kot priporočilo (naj) za proizvodne module tipa A in tipa B. Edina izjema
so sistemi za shranjevanje električne energije, za katere se to zahteva (morajo), vendar ti sistemi ne
spadajo v področje uporabe RfG.9 Dodatek H: Razmerje med tem evropskim standardom in Uredbo Komisije (EU)
2016/631
Proizvajalci proizvodnih enot in postrojev morajo upoštevati vse ustrezne direktive in predpise EU. Za
posebno funkcijo povezovanja proizvodnega postroja z električnim sistemom je referenčni predpis
Uredba Komisije (EU) 2016/631 (NC RfG).---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN 50549-1 : 2019
Ker standarda EN 50549-1 in -2 zajemata vse tehnične zahteve za enote, module in naprave za
proizvodnjo tipa A in tipa B, je koristno v strukturiranem informativnem dodatku v okviru standarda
zagotoviti informacije, katera točka standarda podpira kateri člen RfG.Za druge direktive in uredbe EU (npr. LVD, MD ali GAR) je uradna naloga, podeljena CCMC, da vključi
takšen informativni dodatek ZZ na podlagi zahteve EU za standardizacijo. Končno ga pregleda
svetovalec novega pristopa (NAC) za ustrezno direktivo ali uredbo, preden standard uvrsti v Uradni list
EU (Uradni list EU), ki zagotavlja "domnevo o skladnosti". To pomeni, da če je izdelek skladen s
standardom, je izpolnjena tudi direktiva ali uredba.CLC/TC 8X se zaveda, da ta uradni postopek ni vključen v RfG. Zato je CLC/TC 8X WG 3 pripravil
dodatek H. V dodatku H je prikazano razmerje med točkami in členi. Šteje se, da so proizvodni postroji,
ki so v skladu z določili standardov, skladni tudi z določbami členov v RfG. Seveda to ne zagotavlja
"domneve o skladnosti", kot bi to določal standard, naveden v Uradnem listu EU. Kljub temu bo industriji
v pomoč pri ugotavljanju skladnosti z RfG.---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN 50549-1 : 2019
1 Področje uporabe
Ta dokument določa tehnične zahteve za zaščitne funkcije in obratovalne zmogljivosti proizvodnih
postrojev, ki naj bi delovali vzporedno z nizkonapetostnimi distribucijskimi omrežji.
Iz praktičnih razlogov se ta dokument nanaša na odgovorno stranko, kjer mora zahteve določiti drug
deležnik, in ne operater distribucijskega omrežja (ODO), npr. operater prenosnega sistema (TSO),
država članica, regulativni organi v skladu s pravnim okvirom. Navadno bo ODO obvestil proizvajalca o
teh zahtevah.OPOMBA 1: To vključuje evropske omrežne kodekse in njihovo nacionalno izvajanje ter dodatne nacionalne predpise.
OPOMBA 2: Veljajo lahko dodatne nacionalne zahteve, zlasti za priključitev na distribucijsko omrežje in obratovanje
proizvodnega postroja.Zahteve tega evropskega standarda veljajo ne glede na vrsto vira energije in ne glede na prisotnost
obremenitev v proizvajalčevem omrežju za proizvodne postroje, proizvodne module, električne stroje in
elektronsko opremo, ki izpolnjujejo vse naslednje pogoje:‒ pretvorba kateregakoli vira energije v električni izmenični tok,
‒ zmogljivosti proizvodnih modulov tipa B ali manj so v skladu z Uredbo Komisije (EU) 2016/631 ob
upoštevanju nacionalne izvedbe za odločitev o mejah moči med tipoma A in B ter tipoma B in C,
‒ priključeni in v obratovanju vzporedno z distribucijskim nizkonapetostnim izmeničnim omrežjem.
OPOMBA 3: Proizvodni postroji, priključeni na srednjenapetostno distribucijsko omrežje, spadajo v področje uporabe EN
50549-2.OPOMBA 4: Vključeni so sistemi za shranjevanje električne energije (EESS), ki izpolnjujejo pogoje zgoraj.
Če se proizvodni moduli različnih tipov (A ali B) združijo v enem postroju, veljajo različne zahteve za
različne module...
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