SIST EN ISO 12944-8:1998
(Main)Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems - Part 8: Development of specifications for new work and maintenance (ISO 12944-8:1998)
Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems - Part 8: Development of specifications for new work and maintenance (ISO 12944-8:1998)
Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): !!! prEN ISO 12944-1 to -8 are a package: DOW = 1997-12-31 !!! (BT C 95/1996)
Beschichtungsstoffe - Korrosionsschutz von Stahlbauten durch Beschichtungssysteme - Teil 8: Erarbeiten von Spezifikationen für Erstschutz und Instandsetzung (ISO 12944-8:1998)
Dieser Teil von ISO 12944 behandelt das Erarbeiten von Spezifikationen für den Korrosionsschutz von Stahlbauten durch Beschichtungssysteme. Er bezieht sich auf Erstschutz und Instandsetzung, im Werk oder auf der Baustelle, und ist auchauf den Korrosionsschutz von einzelnen Bauteilen anwendbar. Dieser Teil von ISO 12944 befaßt sich mit Spezifikationen für den Korrosionsschutz von Stahlbauten, die unterschiedlichen Korrosionsbelastungen durch Umgebungsbedingungen in Innenräumen, im Freien sowie in Wasser und im Erdreich ausgesetzt sind.
Peintures et vernis - Anticorrosion des structures en acier par systemes de peinture - Partie 8: Développement de spécifications pour les travaux neufs et l'entretien (ISO 12944:1998)
Barve in laki - Korozijska zaščita jeklenih konstrukcij z zaščitnimi premaznimi sistemi - 8. del: Razvoj specifikacij za novogradnje in vzdrževanje (ISO 12944-8:1998)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 12944-8:1998
01-september-1998
%DUYHLQODNL.RUR]LMVND]DãþLWDMHNOHQLKNRQVWUXNFLM]]DãþLWQLPLSUHPD]QLPL
VLVWHPLGHO 5D]YRMVSHFLILNDFLM]DQRYRJUDGQMHLQY]GUåHYDQMH ,62
Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint
systems - Part 8: Development of specifications for new work and maintenance (ISO
12944-8:1998)
Beschichtungsstoffe - Korrosionsschutz von Stahlbauten durch Beschichtungssysteme -
Teil 8: Erarbeiten von Spezifikationen für Erstschutz und Instandsetzung (ISO 12944-
8:1998)
Peintures et vernis - Anticorrosion des structures en acier par systemes de peinture -
Partie 8: Développement de spécifications pour les travaux neufs et l'entretien (ISO
12944:1998)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12944-8:1998
ICS:
25.220.20 Površinska obdelava Surface treatment
87.040 Barve in laki Paints and varnishes
91.080.13 Jeklene konstrukcije Steel structures
SIST EN ISO 12944-8:1998 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 12944-8:1998
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SIST EN ISO 12944-8:1998
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12944-8
First edition
1998-05-15
Paints and varnishes — Corrosion
protection of steel structures by protective
paint systems —
Part 8:
Development of specifications for new work
and maintenance
Peintures et vernis — Anticorrosion des structures en acier par systèmes
de peinture —
Partie 8: Développement de spécifications pour les travaux neufs et
l'entretien
A
Reference number
ISO 12944-8:1998(E)
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SIST EN ISO 12944-8:1998
ISO 12944-8:1998(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Definitions. 4
4 How to develop a specification for new work or
5
maintenance.
5 Contents of a specification. 6
Annex A (informative) Basic information for inclusion in a
protective paint system specification for new work and
16
maintenance .
18
Annex B (informative) Reference areas.
Annex C (informative) Flow chart for planning new work . 21
22
Annex D (informative) Flow chart for planning maintenance work
Annex E (informative) Classification of environments —
23
Checklist .
Annex F (informative) Example of a simple project
24
specification .
Annex G (informative) Recommended form for a protective paint
29
system specification — New work.
Annex H (informative) Recommended form for a protective paint
30
system specification — Maintenance.
Annex I (informative) Recommended form for a report on paint
31
work progress and application conditions.
© ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet: iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
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ISO ISO 12944-8:1998(E)
Annex J (informative) Recommended form for final report on
32
corrosion protection work.
Annex K (informative) Recommended form for a detailed
inspection report on the condition of an existing protective
paint system, including the assessment of the need for
35
maintenance.
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SIST EN ISO 12944-8:1998
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ISO 12944-8:1998(E) ISO
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a
worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member
bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body
interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees
are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the
member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 12944-8 was prepared by Technical
Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 14,
Protective paint systems for steel structures.
ISO 12944 consists of the following parts, under the general title
Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by
protective paint systems:
Part 1: General introduction
Part 2: Classification of environments
Part 3: Design considerations
Part 4: Types of surface and surface preparation
Part 5: Protective paint systems
Part 6: Laboratory performance test methods
Part 7: Execution and supervision of paint work
Part 8: Development of specifications for new work and
maintenance
Annexes A to K are for information only.
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ISO ISO 12944-8:1998(E)
Introduction
Unprotected steel in the atmosphere, in water and in soil is
subjected to corrosion that may lead to damage. Therefore, to
avoid corrosion damage, steel structures are normally protected to
withstand the corrosion stresses during the service life required of
the structure.
There are different ways of protecting steel structures from
corrosion. ISO 12944 deals with protection by paint systems and
covers, in the various parts, all features that are important in
achieving adequate corrosion protection. Additional or other
measures are possible but require particular agreement between
the interested parties.
In order to ensure effective corrosion protection of steel structures,
it is necessary for owners of such structures, planners, consultants,
companies carrying out corrosion protection work, inspectors of
protective coatings and manufacturers of coating materials to have
at their disposal state-of-the-art information in consise form on
corrosion protection by paint systems. Such information has to be
as complete as possible, unambigous and easily understandable to
avoid difficulties and misunderstandings between the parties
concerned with the practical implementation of protection work.
This International Standard – ISO 12944 – is intended to give this
information in the form of a series of instructions. It is written for
those who have some technical knowledge. It is also assumed that
the user of ISO 12944 is familiar with other relevant International
Standards, in particular those dealing with surface preparation, as
well as relevant national regulations.
Although ISO 12944 does not deal with financial and contractual
questions, attention is drawn to the fact that, because of the
considerable implications of inadequate corrosion protection, non-
compliance with requirements and recommendations given in this
standard may result in serious financial consequences.
ISO 12944-1 defines the overall scope of all parts of ISO 12944. It
gives some basic terms and definitions and a general introduction
to the other parts of ISO 12944. Furthermore, it includes a general
statement on health, safety and environmental protection, and
guidelines for using ISO 12944 for a given project.
This part of ISO 12944 is intended as an aid when a corrosion
protection specification is to be drawn up.
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SIST EN ISO 12944-8:1998
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SIST EN ISO 12944-8:1998
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO ISO 12944-8:1998(E)
Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures by
protective paint systems –
Part 8:
Development of specifications for new work and maintenance
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12944 deals with the development of specifications for corrosion protection of
steel structures, using protective paint systems. It relates to new work and maintenance in the
workshop or on site and is also applicable to the corrosion protection of individual components.
This part of ISO 12944 concerns the corrosion protection of steel structures exposed to different
corrosion stresses by environments such as indoors, open-air and immersion in water or burial in
soil, as well as special stresses, for example due to medium or high temperatures. The need for
different durability ranges is considered.
Steel surfaces that have been hot-dip-galvanized, metal-sprayed, zinc-electroplated or
sherardized, and previously painted steel surfaces, are also covered by this part of ISO 12944.
In annex B, reference areas for assessing the quality of the corrosion protection work and the
performance of the protective paint systems used are dealt with. Annexes C and D provide
detailed flow charts for planning new work and maintenance, which should be taken into account
when writing a specification.
If extreme corrosion stresses or high temperatures occur, or the protective paint systems are to
be used on other substrates such as non-ferrous metals or concrete, the specifications will have
to take this into account. This part of ISO 12944 may also be used as a guide in such cases.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this part of ISO 12944. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid.
All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 12944
are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the
standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid
International Standards.
ISO 2409:1992, Paints and varnishes - Cross-cut test.
ISO 2808:1997, Paints and varnishes - Determination of film thickness.
ISO 4623:1984, Paints and varnishes - Filiform corrosion test on steel.
ISO 4624:1978, Paints and varnishes - Pull-off test for adhesion.
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ISO 4628-2:1982, Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings - Designation
of intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect - Part 2: Designation of degree of
blistering.
ISO 4628-3:1982, Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings - Designation
of intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect - Part 3: Designation of degree of
rusting.
ISO 4628-4:1982, Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings -Designation
of intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect - Part 4: Designation of degree of
cracking.
ISO 4628-5:1982, Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings - Designation
of intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect - Part 5: Designation of degree of
flaking.
ISO 4628-6:1990, Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings - Designation
of intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect - Part 6: Rating of degree of chalking by
tape method.
ISO 8501-1:1988, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Visual assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades
of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings.
ISO 8501-2:1994, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Visual assessment of surface cleanliness - Part 2: Preparation grades of previously
coated steel substrates after localized removal of previous coatings.
ISO 8503-1:1988, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates - Part 1:
Specifications and definitions for ISO surface profile comparators for the assessment of abrasive
blast-cleaned surfaces.
ISO 8503-2:1988, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates - Part 2: Method for
the grading of surface profile of abrasive blast-cleaned steel - Comparator procedure.
ISO 8503-3:1988, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates - Part 3: Method for
the calibration of ISO surface profile comparators and for the determination of surface profile -
Focusing microscope procedure.
ISO 8503-4:1988, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates - Part 4: Method for
the calibration of ISO surface profile comparators and for the determination of surface profile -
Stylus instrument procedure.
ISO 11124-1:1993, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives - Part 1: General introduction and
classification.
ISO 11124-2:1993, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives - Part 2: Chilled-iron grit.
2
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ISO 11124-3:1993, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives - Part 3: High-carbon cast-steel shot
and grit.
ISO 11124-4:1993, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives - Part 4: Low-carbon cast-steel shot.
ISO 11126-1:1993, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives - Part 1: General introduction
and classification.
ISO 11126-3:1993, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives - Part 3: Copper refinery slag.
ISO 11126-4:1993, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives - Part 4: Coal furnace slag.
ISO 11126-5:1993, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives - Part 5: Nickel refinery slag.
ISO 11126-6:1993, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives - Part 6: Iron furnace slag.
ISO 11126-7:1995, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives - Part 7: Fused aluminium
oxide.
ISO 11126-8:1993, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related
products - Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives - Part 8: Olivine sand.
ISO 12944-1:1998, Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective
paint systems - Part 1: General introduction.
ISO 12944-2:1998, Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective
paint systems - Part 2: Classification of environments.
ISO 12944-3:1998, Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective
paint systems - Part 3: Design considerations.
ISO 12944-4:1998, Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective
paint systems - Part 4: Types of surface and surface preparation.
ISO 12944-5:1998, Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective
paint systems - Part 5: Protective paint systems.
ISO 12944-6:1998, Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective
paint systems - Part 6: Laboratory performance test methods.
ISO 12944-7:1998, Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective
paint systems - Part 7: Execution and supervision of paint work.
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ISO 12944-8:1998(E) ISO
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 12944, the following definitions apply in addition to those
given in ISO 12944-1.
3.1 constituent element: A part of a structure (3.10) that is exposed to a particular environment
and which will therefore require a specific protective paint system specification.
NOTE For example, a storage tank will have more than one constituent element, as it comprises internal
and external surfaces, and possibly also support steelwork.
3.2 dry film thickness (DFT): The thickness of a coating remaining on the surface when the
coating has hardened.
NOTE For details, see ISO 12944-5:1998, subclause 5.4.
3.3 durability: The expected life of a protective paint system to the first major maintenance
painting.
NOTE For further important information on durability and durability ranges, see ISO 12944-1.
3.4 inspector: Anyone responsible for ensuring conformity with one or more of the individual
specifications (3.8.1 to 3.8.4).
3.5 maintenance: The sum of all measures, as covered by ISO 12944, which ensure that the
function of the protection of the steel structure against corrosion is maintained.
NOTE Maintenance includes but is not limited to paint work. Such paint work can be patch painting (repair
of degradated spots/areas of the coating system), patch painting followed by overpainting of the structure,
or total repainting.
3.6 nominal dry film thickness (NDFT): The dry film thickness specified for each coat or for the
whole paint system to achieve the required durability.
NOTE For details see ISO 12944-5:1998, subclause 5.4.
3.7 project: The whole of the work for which the specification (3.8) is being developed. The
project may include one or more structures.
3.8 specification: A technical document describing all the requirements that are to be observed
when a steel structure is to be protected against corrosion by using protective paint systems.
Such a document consists of several individual specifications - project specification, protective
paint system specification, paint work specification, inspection and assessment specification - as
defined in 3.8.1 to 3.8.4.
3.8.1 project specification: The specification that describes the project and the requirements
relating specifically to it.
NOTE The specifier of a project specification may, for example, be the owner of the structure to be
protected or the prime contractor.
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ISO ISO 12944-8:1998(E)
3.8.2 protective paint system specification: The specification that describes the preparation of
the surface of the structure and the protective paint system(s) for the structure, in conformity
with the project specification (3.8.1).
NOTE The specifier of a protective paint system specification may, for example, be a paint manufacturer.
3.8.3 paint work specification: The specification that describes the way the paint work is to be
carried out, in conformity with the project specification (3.8.1) and the protective paint system
specification (3.8.2), as well as with the inspection and assessment specification (3.8.4).
NOTE The specifier of a paint work specification may, for example, be a paint application company.
3.8.4 inspection and assessment specification: The specification that describes how inspection
and assessment are to be carried out.
3.9 specifier: Anyone responsible for the development of a specification.
3.10 structure: A steel construction (for example a bridge, a factory building, a storage tank or
an offshore construction) consisting of more than one constituent element (3.1). There may be
one or more structures in any given project (3.7).
4 How to develop a specification for new work or maintenance
It is recommended that the specifier considers the information given in clause 5, and establishes
which specification(s) apply/applies to the project or constituent element to be protected. Then,
the specifier should check in the respective table, item by item, which of the items listed are to be
taken into account in the specification. The various items are supported by detailed information
given in the "Remarks" column in tables 1 to 4, and in the annexes.
When writing a specification for new work or maintenance, it is important to chose the most
suitable protective paint system. To achieve this all relevant parameters shall be taken into
consideration, for example:
- required durability;
- environmental conditions and special stresses;
- surface preparation;
- different generic types of paint;
- number and types of coats [priming coat(s), intermediate coat(s) and top coat(s)];
- methods of application and application requirements;
- place of application (shop or site);
- scaffolding requirements;
- requirements regarding (future) maintenance (if any);
- health and safety requirements;
- environmental protection requirements.
These parameters are described in detail in ISO 12944-1 to ISO 12944-7. In this part of ISO 12944,
only such information is given which is considered to be particularly important to the specifier.
In the drafting of a specification for maintenance work on a structure or constituent element, a
decision has to be taken between
- complete renewal and
- partial removal of the protective paint system involved.
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When complete renewal has been decided, the specification should preferably be developed in
accordance with a specification for new work, e.g. using the form given in annex G.
At an early stage in the drafting of a project specification, a final decision will have to be taken by
the specifier on essential planning parameters, such as protection of slip-resistant connections
using high-tensile bolts, the inside surfaces of hollow sections and other hidden steel surfaces
(see ISO 12944-3 for details of design).
Exclusions, i.e. items not to be painted, shall be indicated in the specification(s).
The choice of protective paint systems shall be based on practical experience and/or the results
of laboratory performance tests, particularly when new coating technology is involved. The
protective paint systems shall be tested for compatibility with existing coatings on previously
coated surfaces.
The specifier shall further take into account regulations and/or requirements relating to
environmental protection, health and safety, and working conditions in the shop or on site.
Because national requirements concerning health and safety at work, pollution control etc. vary
significantly, it may not be possible to include detailed information covering such requirements
in a specification. However, the specification shall draw attention to the need to comply with
current local, regional, national and international legislation and regulations.
5 Contents of a specification
The items which are preferably to be covered by a specification are listed in tables 1 to 4, under
the following headings:
- Contents of a project specification (table 1);
- Contents of a protective paint system specification (table 2);
- Contents of a paint work specification (table 3);
- Contents of an inspection and assessment specification (table 4).
NOTE For small structures, or those whose protection is not subject to any particular requirements, only
certain items need to be taken into account.
An example of a specification based on table 1 is given as annex F.
NOTE Each table contains sufficient information to enable the specifier to write a specification for any one
of the subjects listed above without having to make frequent references to the other tables. This has led to
some expressions being repeated in each of the tables, for example under 1.1, 2.1, 3.1 and 4.1 the items
"name of project", "name of owner" and "name of specifier" are repeated. In practice, such information
should only be given once in the complete specification.
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ISO ISO 12944-8:1998(E)
Table 1 – Contents of a project specification
No. MAIN ITEM/Sub-item *) Remarks
1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1.1 Name of project
1.1.2 Name of owner
1.1.3 Location(s) of structure(s)
1.1.4 Name of specifier State organization and person.
1.1.5 Environmental conditions at See annex E and ISO 12944-2.
location(s) of structure(s)
1.1.6 References to standards and
regulations
1.2 TYPE OF PROJECT For definitions of project, structure and constituent
element, see clause 3.
1.2.1 New construction without
protection
1.2.2 New construction blast-cleaned
and coated
1.2.3 Touch-up and final paint work
1.2.4 Maintenance See annexes H, I, J and K.
1.2.5 New construction and
maintenance combined
1.2.6 Items not to be coated
Each project should preferably be divided on the basis
1.3 TYPES OF STRUCTURE AND
of corrosion stresses and be described taking into
CONSTITUENT ELEMENT
account special design requirements.
1.3.1 Design See ISO 12944-3.
1.3.2 Assembly method(s) For example bolting, welding.
1.3.3 Connection(s) See ISO 12944-3 and ISO 12944-5.
1.3.4 Galvanic couples (cells) See ISO 12944-3.
1.3.5 Accessibility, e.g. manholes See ISO 12944-3.
1.3.6 Box members and hollow See ISO 12944-3.
components
———————
*) These items are recommended. If, however, a particular sub-item is included in the specification any instructions in
the remarks column shall be followed.
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ISO 12944-8:1998(E) ISO
No. MAIN ITEM/Sub-item *) Remarks
1.4 DESCRIPTION OF EACH Each structure should preferably be divided into
CONSTITUENT ELEMENT constituent elements on the basis of the protective
paint system(s) to be used and the corrosion stresses
associated with each constituent element.
1.4.1 Substrate(s) See ISO 12944-4. Includes substrates with metallic
coatings, e. g. zinc.
1.4.2 Existing paint system and its See annex K and ISO 12944-5.
condition
2
1.4.3 Areas (m )
1.5 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT Descriptions are given in ISO 12944-2. See also annex
OF EACH CONSTITUENT E.
ELEMENT
1.5.1 Atmospheric environmental See annex E, E.1.1.
conditions
1.5.2 Special situations See annex E, E. 4.1.
1.5.3 Special stresses See annex E, E.4.2 (including the effects of exposure
to strong UV radiation).
1.6 DURABILITY
1.6.1 Durability range See ISO 12944-1.
1.7 PROTECTIVE PAINT SYSTEMS - Details of types of surface, surface preparation grades,
PARTICULAR CONSTRAINTS surface profiles and surface preparation methods can
WITH RESPECT TO SURFACES be found in ISO 12944-4. In the specification, the
required surface preparation grade shall be given for
AND SURFACE PREPARATION
each individual protective paint system to be used.
1.7.1 Types of surface and surface Besides the surface preparation grade, the
preparation grade(s) for new work specification shall give details of the surface
and maintenance preparation work required. See also annexes G and H
and table 3.
1.7.2 Surface preparation method(s) See ISO 12944-4
1.8 PROTECTIVE PAINT SYSTEMS - PARTICULAR CONSTRAINTS WITH RESPECT TO PAINT
MATERIALS
1.8.1 Protective paint systems for new, See ISO 12944-5, ISO 12944-7 and annexes G, H and
touch-up and maintenance work table 2.
1.8.2 Particular constraints relating to For example: compatibility with existing coatings,
coatings and paint work edge protection (see ISO 12944-5 and ISO 12944-7),
non-skid coatings or spraying with airless rather than
conventional equipment.
1.8.3 Special requirements regarding, in For example: low level of harmful substances,
particular: protection against pollution by such substances,
- health and safety waste disposal
- environmental protection
———————
*) These items are recommended. If, however, a particular sub-item is included in the specification any instructions in
the remarks colu
...
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