Cognitive accessibility - Part 2: Reporting (ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021)

This document establishes requirements for reporting the cognitive accessibility of products and technologies, including: Assistive products, Assistive technologies, Consumer technologies, and Household appliances. This document is intended to increase access to a variety of products.
Designers can use this guidance along with any existing standards and accompanying test methods for their products.

Kognitive Zugänglichkeit - Teil 2: Berichterstattung (ISO/DIS 21801 2:2021)

Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen an die Berichterstattung über die kognitive Zugänglichkeit von Systemen, zu denen Hilfsmittel, Assistenztechnologien, Verbrauchertechnologien und Haushaltsgeräte zählen, entsprechend den Empfehlungen in ISO 21801-1:2020 fest.

Accessibilité cognitive - Partie 2 : Consignation dans un rapport (ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021)

Le présent document spécifie les exigences relatives à la consignation dans un rapport de l’accessibilité cognitive de systèmes, notamment des produits d’assistance, technologies d’assistance, technologies de consommation et appareils ménagers, conformément aux recommandations données dans l’ISO 21801‑1:2020.

Kognitivna dostopnost - 2. del: Poročanje (ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021)

General Information

Status
Not Published
Public Enquiry End Date
27-Feb-2022
Technical Committee
Current Stage
4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
Start Date
26-Dec-2021
Due Date
15-May-2022
Completion Date
01-Mar-2022

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 21801-2:2022
01-februar-2022
Kognitivna dostopnost - 2. del: Poročanje (ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021)
Cognitive accessibility - Part 2: Reporting (ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021)
Kognitive Zugänglichkeit - Teil 2: Berichterstattung (ISO/DIS 21801 2:2021)

Accessibilité cognitive - Partie 2 : Consignation dans un rapport (ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021)

Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 21801-2
ICS:
11.180.01 Pripomočki za Aids for disabled and
onesposobljene in handicapped persons in
hendikepirane osebe na general
splošno
oSIST prEN ISO 21801-2:2022 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 21801-2:2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 21801-2:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 21801-2
ISO/TC 173 Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-12-13 2022-03-07
Cognitive accessibility —
Part 2:
Reporting
ICS: 11.180.01
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 21801-2:2021(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2021
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COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on

the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below

or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Reporting requirements .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1

4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4.2 Context of use .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4.3 Conformance ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

4.4 Structure of the report for each recommendation ................................................................................................. 2

4.5 Choosing and implementing methods and approaches for conformance evaluation ......... ..... 3

4.6 Participation of people with diverse cognitive abilities .................................................................................... 4

5 Reporting on motivation and focus ................................................................................................................................................. 4

5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

5.2 Means of motivation .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

5.2.1 Provide options for recruiting interest .......................................................................................................... 4

5.2.2 Optimize individual options .................................................................................................................................... 4

5.2.3 Support autonomous use............................................................................................................................................. 5

5.2.4 Optimize usefulness and relevance ................................................................................................................... 5

5.2.5 Provide options for the level of abstraction ............................................................................................... 6

5.2.6 Support focus on the desired outcome ........................................................................................................... 6

5.2.7 Optimize challenge by varying demands and resources ................................................................ 6

5.2.8 Provide options for self-regulation, self-assessment and coping ............................................ 7

5.2.9 Avoid unintentional trigger of inappropriate reactions.................................................................. 7

5.2.10 Provide means to meet differences in coping abilities .................. ................................................... 7

5.2.11 Optimize for self-determination and confidence .................................................................................. 8

5.2.12 Minimize threats and maximize trust ............................................................................................................ 8

5.2.13 Avoid enhanced accessibility compromising safety ........................................................................... 9

5.3 Focus, attention and feedback .................................................................................................................................................. 9

5.3.1 Clarify the object in focus ........................................................................................................................................... 9

5.3.2 Support or facilitate shifts in focus ................................................................................................................... 9

5.3.3 Avoid features that inadvertently change focus or division of attention ..................... 10

5.3.4 Provide relevant feedback ...................................................................................................................................... 10

6 Representation and understanding .............................................................................................................................................10

6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10

6.2 Multiple means of representation and understanding .................................................................................... 11

6.2.1 Simplify the language – dealing with words .......................................................................................... 11

6.2.2 Simplify the language – dealing with symbols ..................................................................................... 11

6.2.3 Simplify the message structure .........................................................................................................................12

6.2.4 Promote understanding across language barriers ...........................................................................12

6.2.5 Support translation processes ............................................................................................................................12

6.2.6 Provide and optimize options for finding information .................................................................13

6.2.7 Provide equal opportunities for comprehension ...............................................................................13

6.3 Spatial orientation and understanding of values and sizes .........................................................................13

6.3.1 Provide means for comparing entities and sizes ................................................................................13

6.3.2 Provide means for understanding scales and relative values ................................................ 14

6.3.3 Provide means for understanding position in space ...................................................................... 14

6.4 Simple, understandable and logical .................................................................................................................................. 14

6.4.1 Apply a logical and consistent design ........................................................................................................... 14

6.4.2 Activate or supply background knowledge ............................................................................................. 15

6.4.3 Maximize transfer and generalization ......................................................................................................... 15

6.4.4 Provide options to understand underlying concepts and ideas............................................15

iii
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6.4.5 Minimize complexity ................................................................................................................................................... 16

7 Action ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................16

7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16

7.2 Means of expression ....................................................................................................................................................................... 16

7.2.1 Provide multiple customizable media for information, expression and

communication ................................................................................................................................................................. 16

7.3 Organization, planning and time management ...................................................................................................... 17

7.3.1 Guide goal-setting .......................................................................................................................................................... 17

7.3.2 Simplify decision-making ........................................................................................................................................ 17

7.3.3 Support strategic activities.................................................................................................................................... 17

7.3.4 Provide options for strategic activities ....................................................................................................... 18

7.3.5 Protect the user from time constraints ...................................................................................................... 18

7.3.6 Provide options for time perception ............................................................................................................. 18

7.3.7 Provide options for orientation to time ...................................................................................................... 19

7.3.8 Provide options to communicate time or preferences for time management .......... 19

7.3.9 Provide options for adapting time demands .......................................................................................... 19

7.4 Flexibility and equal opportunities .................................................................................................................................. 20

7.4.1 Provide accomplishment of tasks in an identical manner whenever possible

or in an equivalent manner when an identical manner is not possible ..........................20

7.4.2 Optimize access to systems and interoperability .............................................................................. 20

7.4.3 Provide alternative and multiple means of user interaction ...................................................20

7.4.4 Clarify options and alternatives that can be chosen and decisions that

must be taken ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21

7.4.5 Provide default configuration and adjustable parameters ....................................................... 21

7.4.6 Provide individualized access and reuse of user profiles ........................................................... 21

7.4.7 Ensure that the intended outcome of the system is easily accessible .............................22

7.5 Support for completion of tasks ........................................................................................................................................... 22

7.5.1 Support sustained attention and concentration throughout the process ....................22

7.5.2 Provide means for avoiding mistakes .......................................................................................................... 22

7.5.3 Clarify mistakes and errors .................................................................................................................................. 23

7.5.4 Simplify corrections of mistakes and errors.......................................................................................... 23

7.5.5 Provide appropriate support functions ...................................................................................................... 23

7.5.6 Provide content-integrated contextual help ........................................................................................... 24

Annex A Example of reporting template ....................................................................................................................................................25

Annex B Examples of test methods and how to apply them ..................................................................................................26

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................36

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Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following

URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by ISO/TC 173/WG 10.
A list of all parts in the ISO 21801 series can be found on the ISO website.
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Introduction

This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 21801-1. The intended user of this

document is anyone who wants to report the cognitive accessibility of a specific system. Typically,

that might be a product owner, manufacturer, designer, or a salesperson. Third party representatives

can also use this document for reporting. This document can be used alongside existing standards and

accompanying test methods for their systems.

Clauses 5,6 and 7 intentionally correspond to the same numbered clauses in ISO 21801-1 to assist the

use of the document.
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Cognitive accessibility —
Part 2:
Reporting
1 Scope

This document establishes requirements for reporting the cognitive accessibility of systems, including

assistive products, assistive technologies, consumer technologies, and household appliances. This

document is intended to increase access to a variety of systems. Designers can use this document along

with any existing standards and accompanying test methods for their systems.
NOTE The recommendations for cognitive accessibility are given in 21801-1
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 21801-1, Cognitive accessibility — Part 1: General guidelines
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21801-1 apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
environment

Context determining the setting and circumstances of all influences upon a system.

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC IEEE 42010:2011]
4 Reporting requirements
4.1 General
The report shall be structured in the following sections:
• The name of the system
• A description of the context of use for the system
• Details of the system’s conformance to each recommendation
NOTE A template for reporting conformance is presented in Annex A.
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4.2 Context of use

It is expected that the system will serve people from a population with the widest possible range of user

needs, characteristics, and capabilities, including persons with cognitive impairment. It is important

to note that cognitive impairments vary immensely, and it is therefore very important to know the

intended users of the system.

While a full context-of-use report is not needed within a report of cognitive accessibility, it is important

to identify components of the context(s) for which the cognitive accessibility report applies.

The context of use section of the report shall:

• Identify the goals and tasks for which the cognitive accessibility of the system is being reported.

• Identify the environments for which the cognitive accessibility of the system is being reported.

The context of use section of the report should identify any other sources of relevant accessibility

information known about the system.
4.3 Conformance

A report on the cognitive accessibility of a system conforms to this document if it:

a) identifies the system to which it applies,
b) identifies the context(s) in which it applies to (see 4.2),

c) reports on the applicability of each of the recommendations contained in Clauses 5, 6, and 7 of

ISO 21801-1 (see 4.4), and

d) reports methods used to confirm that each applicable recommendation is met by the system (see

4.5 and 4.6).
4.4 Structure of the report for each recommendation

The report shall either accept the applicability of a specific recommendation or justify why it is not

applicable. In addition, a report may identify remaining challenges that need to be overcome. To support

the understanding of whether or not a specific subclause is applicable, this document provides:

• A statement describing a type of system to which the recommendation is most likely to be applicable.

• A statement describing a type of system to which the recommendation is less likely to be applicable.

• Examples of systems to which the recommendation is or is not applicable.
A report on applicability should be consistent with ISO 21801-1.

NOTE Clauses 5, 6, and 7 intentionally correspond to the same numbered clauses and subclauses in

ISO 21801-1.

It is important to be explicit in justifying a claim of being not applicable. It is equally important to be

explicit in justifying why an applicable recommendation is not applied.
The working procedure is to:

1) determine whether the recommendation is applicable or not applicable for the system that is being

reported and then
2) describe one of the following scenarios:
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a) If applicable:

• Describe how the system meets the recommendation or justify why the system does not meet

the recommendation.

• Optionally, describe any remaining user needs or goals related to the recommendation, but not

met.
b) If not applicable:
• Justify why the recommendation is not applicable.
and then, finally

3) describe the method or methods used to evaluate whether the recommendation is met.

4.5 Choosing and implementing methods and approaches for conformance evaluation

Both qualitative and quantitative approaches may be used to evaluate conformance. The nature of

measuring cognitive accessibility is rarely binary; that is, the result is not usually a clear “yes” or “no,”

but rather “more” or “less.”

EXAMPLE 1 Clause 5.2.8 asks whether a system handles people’s differences in coping abilities adequately.

There is no precise measure to assess whether a system handles people’s differences in coping abilities

adequately. A combination of methods can demonstrate that a system addresses the problem and that a solution

is presented to the user in a reasonable way to support their coping abilities.

NOTE 1 A combination of methods and approaches for evaluating whether recommendations in ISO 21801-1

can be used, depending on the intended context of use and the target population. Methods can also be selected

according to the traditions and cultures of the specific domain in which the evaluated system is situated.

NOTE 2 This document does not prescribe specific conformance evaluation methods or approaches. It accepts

methods and approaches including self-reporting, third-party evaluations, user tests, data collection on user

behaviour and system performance, and automated testing.

NOTE 3 Annex B presents a number of potential methods to use when evaluating whether a system meets the

recommendations of ISO 21801-1.

It is important that evaluation is carried out by a multi-disciplinary team of both evaluators and testers

who understand the criteria and spirit of ISO 21801-1 to ensure valid, comprehensive, and reliable

findings. It is often important that more than one test method is used.

Documentation throughout the development process of a system on how specific guidelines in

ISO 21801-1 are being met may be used when doing the conformance evaluation following this

document. Using this approach, the recommendations in ISO 21801-1 would be addressed during the

development process, with the results included in the final design of the system. This would allow for

documenting the reasoning behind the final design and how the features address the guidelines in

specific clauses of ISO 21801-1.

There might be previous research on cognitive accessibility connected to a specific domain or a

specific type of systems that resulted in a set of recommendations, heuristics, or guidelines. Such

recommendations, often presented as checklists, may be used in the evaluation process.

NOTE 4 Meeting a domain-specific checklist – even one that is designed to address accessibility – might not be

sufficient to address all the recommendations in ISO 21801-1. Many checklists designed to address accessibility

focus on accessibility for people with sensory impairment rather than cognitive impairment. Even domain-

specific checklists for cognitive accessibility can address only some of the guidelines in ISO 21801-1.

Quantitative data may be collected and used during the development or evaluation processes to

determine whether a guideline in ISO 21801-1 is being met. Data about the system may be collected

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directly from the system or by using various third-party data collection tools. Quantitative data may

also be gathered during some types of user testing.

NOTE 5 There are several potential methods to collect quantitative data during user testing. Commonly used

methods include eye gazing analysis and or performance statistics.
4.6 Participation of people with diverse cognitive abilities

People with diverse cognitive abilities should be invited to participate in the design and development

process, in iterative testing during development, and in evaluation of the fully developed system. Data

collected from cooperation with people with diverse cognition typically result in a set of qualitative

data. This data can be used to draw a conclusion about whether a guideline in ISO 21801-1 is being met.

In all test methods where there is participation of people with cognitive impairments, the focus of the

evaluation should remain on the accessibility of the system, not the people involved. In all test methods

where there is participation, people with diverse cognition should be included. Efforts should be made

to scaffold the methods of participation to allow for participation of people with diverse cognitive

abilities.

Evaluations should be performed in a realistic context, including when done in a test lab.

NOTE There are several potential methods for interaction with users. Commonly used methods are user

observations, cognitive/barrier walkthroughs, self-reporting protocols, focus groups, and interviews.

5 Reporting on motivation and focus
5.1 General

The report shall consider how people differ in their means of motivation and focus to learn or perform

a task.
NOTE For further information see 21801–1.
5.2 Means of motivation
5.2.1 Provide options for recruiting interest
Recommendation 5.2
...

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