SIST EN 15251:2007
(Main)Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics
Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics
- This European Standard specifies the indoor environmental parameters which have an impact on the energy performance of buildings.
- The standard specifies how to establish indoor environmental input parameters for building system design and energy performance calculations.
- The standard specifies methods for long term evaluation of the indoor environment obtained as a result of calculations or measurements.
- The standard specifies criteria for measurements which can be used if required to measure compliance by inspection.
- The standard identifies parameters to be used by monitoring and displaying the indoor environment in existing buildings.
This standard is applicable mainly in non-industrial buildings where the criteria for indoor environment are set by human occupancy and where the production or process does not have a major impact on indoor environment. The standard is thus applicable to the following building types: single family houses, apartment buildings, offices, educational buildings, hospitals, hotels and restaurants, sports facilities, wholesale and retail trade service buildings.
- The standard specifies how different categories of criteria for the indoor environment can be used. But does not require certain criteria to be used. This is up to national regulations or individual project specifications.
- The recommended criteria in this standard can also be used in national calculation methods, which may be different to the methods referred to here.
- The standard does not prescribe design methods, but give input parameters to the design of buildings, heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting systems
- The standard does not include criteria for local discomfort factors like draught, radiant temperature asymmetry, vertical air temperature differences and floor surface temperatures.
Eingangsparameter für das Raumklima zur Auslegung und Bewertung der Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden - Raumluftqualität, Temperatur, Licht und Akustik
- Diese Europäische Norm legt die Parameter für das Innenraumklima fest, die sich auf die Gesamtenergieeffizienz von Gebäuden auswirken;
- die Norm legt fest, wie Eingangsparameter für das Innenraumklima festzulegen sind, die bei der Auslegung von Gebäuden, Anlagen und bei Energieeffizienzberechnungen verwendet werden sollen;
- die Norm legt Verfahren für die Langzeitbewertung des resultierenden Innenraumklimas aus Berechnungen oder Messungen fest;
- die Norm legt Kriterien für Messungen fest, die bei Bedarf zur Messung der Übereinstimmung im Rahmen einer Inspektion angewendet werden können;
- die Norm legt Parameter fest, die zur Überwachung und Ausweisung des Innenraumklimas in bestehenden Gebäuden anzuwenden sind;
- diese Norm gilt in erster Linie für nicht industrielle Gebäude, bei denen die Kriterien für das Innenraum¬klima durch die menschliche Nutzung bestimmt werden und bei denen die darin stattfindenden Produktions oder sonstigen Prozesse keine größeren Auswirkungen auf das Innenraumklima haben. Diese Norm ist daher auf die folgenden Gebäudearten anwendbar: Einfamilienhäuser, Wohnhäuser, Bürogebäude, Schul und Hochschulgebäude, Krankenhäuser, Hotels und Restaurants, Sporteinrichtungen, Großhandels- und Einzelhandelsgebäude;
- die Norm legt fest, wie verschiedene Kategorien des Innenraumklimas verwendet werden können. Sie verlangt jedoch nicht die Anwendung bestimmter Kriterien. Dies obliegt nationalen Vorschriften bzw. individuellen Projekt Festlegungen;
- die in dieser Norm empfohlenen Kriterien können auch in nationalen Berechnungsverfahren angewendet werden, die sich von den hier beschriebenen Verfahren unterscheiden können;
- die Norm schreibt keine Auslegungsverfahren vor, gibt jedoch Eingangsparameter für die Auslegung von Gebäuden , Heizungs , Kühl , Lüftungs und Beleuchtungsanlagen an;
Criteres pour l'environnement intérieur et évaluation des performances énergétiques des bâtiments couvrant la qualité d'air intérieur, la thermique, l'éclairage et l'acoustique
- Le présent document spécifie les parametres influents et/ou les criteres concernant l'ambiance intérieure ainsi que la maniere de les utiliser pour satisfaire les objectifs de la DPEB.
- Le présent document spécifie le mode d'établissement des parametres d'entrée relatifs a l'ambiance intérieure pour la conception du bâtiment en tant que systeme et pour les calculs de performance énergétique.
- Le présent document spécifie également des méthodes pour l'évaluation a long terme de l'ambiance intérieure obtenue, a partir de calculs ou de résultats de mesures.
- Le présent document comprend une section spéciale pour les bâtiments non climatisés.
- Le présent document spécifie des criteres a respecter pour les mesurages a effectuer lors de contrôles ou d'enregistrements de l'ambiance intérieure dans des bâtiments existants.
- Le présent document s'applique essentiellement aux bâtiments non industriels pour lesquels les criteres d'ambiance intérieure sont déterminés par l'occupation humaine et dont l'ambiance intérieure n'est pas notablement influencée par une production ou par des procédés. La norme est ainsi applicable aux types de bâtiments suivants : maisons individuelles, immeubles d'habitation, bureaux, bâtiments d'enseignement, hôpitaux, hôtels et restaurants, installations sportives, bâtiments de service pour le commerce de gros et de détail.
- Le présent document spécifie la maniere dont les différentes catégories d'ambiance intérieure peuvent etre utilisées, mais n'impose pas les criteres a utiliser. Ceci releve de spécifications nationales ou contractuelles.
Les parametres et les criteres sont basés sur les normes et guides existants (tels que l'ISO CD16814, l'EN ISO 7730, l'EN 13779, le CR 1752, et les normes nationales existantes).
Merila notranjega okolja za načrtovanje in ocenjevanje toplotnih lastnosti stavb z upoštevanjem notranje kakovosti zraka, toplotnega okolja, svetlobe in hrupa
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Eingangsparameter für das Raumklima zur Auslegung und Bewertung der Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden - Raumluftqualität, Temperatur, Licht und AkustikCriteres pour l'environnement intérieur et évaluation des performances énergétiques des bâtiments couvrant la qualité d'air intérieur, la thermique, l'éclairage et l'acoustiqueIndoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics91.040.01Stavbe na splošnoBuildings in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15251:2007SIST EN 15251:2007en01-november-2007SIST EN 15251:2007SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 15251:2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15251May 2007ICS 91.140.01 English VersionIndoor environmental input parameters for design andassessment of energy performance of buildings addressingindoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acousticsCritères pour l'environnement intérieur et évaluation desperformances énergétiques des bâtiments couvrant laqualité d'air intérieur, la thermique, l'éclairage etl'acoustiqueEingangsparameter für das Raumklima zur Auslegung undBewertung der Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden -Raumluftqualität, Temperatur, Licht und AkustikThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 March 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15251:2007: ESIST EN 15251:2007
EN 15251:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.4 Introduction.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms and definitions.7 4 Symbols and abbreviations.11 5 Interactions with other standards.11 6 Design input criteria for dimensioning of buildings, heating, cooling, mechanical and natural ventilation systems.13 6.1 General.13 6.2 Thermal environment.14 6.3 Indoor air quality and ventilation rates.15 6.4 Humidity.16 6.5 Lighting.16 6.6 Noise.17 7 Indoor environment parameters for energy calculation.17 7.1 General.17 7.2 Thermal environment.17 7.3 Indoor air quality and ventilation.18 7.4 Humidity.19 7.5 Lighting.19 8 Evaluation of the indoor environment and long term indicators.19 8.1 General.19 8.2 Design indicators.19 8.3 Calculated indicators of indoor environment.20 8.4 Measured indicators.20 8.5 Subjective evaluations.21 9 Inspections and measurement of the indoor environment in existing buildings.22 9.1 General.22 9.2 Measurements.22 10 Classification and certification of the indoor environment.24 10.1 General.24 10.2 Detailed classification and certification.24 10.3 Recommended overall evaluation of the indoor environment and certification.24 Annex A (informative)
Recommended criteria for the thermal environment.25 SIST EN 15251:2007
EN 15251:2007 (E) 3 A.1 Recommended categories for design of mechanical heated and cooled buildings.25 A.2 Acceptable indoor temperatures for design of buildings without mechanical cooling systems.27 A.3 Recommended indoor temperatures for energy calculations.31 Annex B (informative)
Basis for the criteria for indoor air quality and ventilation rates.32 B.1 Recommended design ventilation rates in non-residential buildings.32 B.1.1 General.32 B.1.2 Method based on person and building component.32 B.1.3 Method based on ventilation rate per person or per m2 floor area.35 B.1.4 Recommended values of CO2 for energy calculation.36 B.2 Recommended design ventilation rates in residential buildings.36 B.3 Recommended criteria for dimensioning of humidification and de-humidification.38 B.4 Recommended ventilation during un-occupied hours.39 Annex C (informative)
Example on how to define low and very low polluting buildings.40 Annex D (informative)
Recommended criteria for lighting.41 Annex E (informative)
Indoor system noise criteria of some spaces and buildings.42 Annex F (informative)
Long term evaluation of the general thermal comfort conditions.43 Annex G (informative)
Recommended criteria for acceptable deviations.46 G.1 Building Category.46 G.2 Length of deviation.46 Annex H (informative)
Methodologies for subjective evaluations.47 Annex I (informative)
Examples of classification and certification of the indoor environment.48 I.1 The design criteria used.48 I.2 Whole year computer simulations of the indoor environment and energy performance.49 I.3 Long term measurement of selected parameters for the indoor environment.49 I.4 Subjective responses from occupants.49 Bibliography.51
SIST EN 15251:2007
EN 15251:2007 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15251:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156 “Ventilation for buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2007. This standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for the calculation of the energy performance of buildings. An overview of the whole set of standards is given in CEN/TR 15615, Explanation of the general relationship between various CEN standards and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) ("Umbrella document"). Attention is drawn to the need for observance of relevant EU Directives transposed into national legal requirements.
Existing national regulations with or without reference to national standards, may restrict for the time being the implementation of the European Standards mentioned in this report. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 15251:2007
EN 15251:2007 (E) 5 Introduction Energy consumption of buildings depends significantly on the criteria used for the indoor environment (temperature, ventilation and lighting) and building (including systems) design and operation. Indoor environment also affects health, productivity and comfort of the occupants. Recent studies have shown that costs of poor indoor environment for the employer, the building owner and for society, as a whole are often considerable higher than the cost of the energy used in the same building. It has also been shown that good indoor environmental quality can improve overall work and learning performance and reduce absenteeism. In addition uncomfortable occupants are likely to take actions to make themselves comfortable which may have energy implications. An energy declaration without a declaration related to the indoor environment makes no sense. There is therefore a need for specifying criteria for the indoor environment for design, energy calculations, performance and operation of buildings There exist national and international standards, and technical reports, which specify criteria for thermal comfort and indoor air quality (EN ISO 7730, CR 1752). These documents do specify different types and categories of criteria, which may have a significant influence on the energy demand. For the thermal environment criteria for the heating season (cold/winter) and cooling season (warm/summer) are listed. These criteria are, however, mainly for dimensioning of building, heating, cooling and ventilation systems. They may not be used directly for energy calculations and year-round evaluation of the indoor thermal environment. New results have shown that occupant expectations in natural ventilated buildings may differ from conditioned buildings. These issues are not dealt with in detail in the above mentioned documents. The present standard specifies how design criteria can be established and used for dimensioning of systems. It defines how to establish and define the main parameters to be used as input for building energy calculation and long term evaluation of the indoor environment. Finally this standard will identify parameters to be used for monitoring and displaying of the indoor environment as recommended in the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive. Different categories of criteria may be used depending on type of building, type of occupants, type of climate and national differences. The standard specifies several different categories of indoor environment which could be selected for the space to be conditioned. These different categories may also be used to give an overall, yearly evaluation of the indoor environment by evaluating the percentage of time in each category. The designer may also select other categories using the principles from this standard.
SIST EN 15251:2007
EN 15251:2007 (E) 6 1 Scope • This European Standard specifies the indoor environmental parameters which have an impact on the energy performance of buildings.
• The standard specifies how to establish indoor environmental input parameters for building system design and energy performance calculations.
• The standard specifies methods for long term evaluation of the indoor environment obtained as a result of calculations or measurements.
• The standard specifies criteria for measurements which can be used if required to measure compliance by inspection. • The standard identifies parameters to be used by monitoring and displaying the indoor environment in existing buildings. • This standard is applicable mainly in non-industrial buildings where the criteria for indoor environment are set by human occupancy and where the production or process does not have a major impact on indoor environment. The standard is thus applicable to the following building types: single family houses, apartment buildings, offices, educational buildings, hospitals, hotels and restaurants, sports facilities, wholesale and retail trade service buildings.
• The standard specifies how different categories of criteria for the indoor environment can be used. But does not require certain criteria to be used. This is up to national regulations or individual project specifications. • The recommended criteria in this standard can also be used in national calculation methods, which may be different to the methods referred to here. • The standard does not prescribe design methods, but give input parameters to the design of buildings, heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting systems. • The standard does not include criteria for local discomfort factors like draught, radiant temperature asymmetry, vertical air temperature differences and floor surface temperatures. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12464-1 2002 Light and lighting — Lighting of work places — Part 1: Indoor work places EN 12599
Ventilation for buildings — Test procedures and measuring methods for handing over installed ventilation and air conditioning systems EN 12792 2003 Ventilation for buildings — Symbols, terminology and graphical symbols EN 12831
Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of the design heat load SIST EN 15251:2007
EN 15251:2007 (E) 7 EN 15193
Energy performance of buildings — Energy requirements for lighting EN 15241
Ventilation for buildings — Calculation methods for energy losses due to ventilation and infiltration in commercial buildings EN 15242
Ventilation for buildings — Calculation methods for the determination of air flow rates in buildings including infiltration prEN 15255
Thermal performance of buildings — Sensible room cooling load calculation — General criteria and validation procedures prEN 15265
Thermal performance of buildings — Calculation of energy needs for space heating and cooling using dynamic methods — General criteria and validation procedures EN ISO 7726
Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Instruments for measuring physical quantities (ISO 7726:1998) EN ISO 7730
Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria (ISO 7730:2005) EN ISO 8996
Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Determination of metabolic rate (ISO 8996:2004) EN ISO 9920
Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Estimation of the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble (ISO 9920:1995) EN ISO 13731 2001 Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Vocabulary and symbols (ISO 13731:2001) EN ISO 13790
Thermal performance of buildings — Calculation of energy use for space heating (ISO 13790:2004) ISO/TS 14415
Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Application of International Standards to people with special requirements CIE 69
Methods of characterizing illuminance meters and luminance meters; performance, characteristics and specifications 3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12792:2003, EN ISO 13731:2001, EN 12464-1:2002 and the following apply. 3.1
adaptation
physiological, psychological or behavioural adjustment of building occupants to the interior thermal environment in order to avoid discomfort NOTE In naturally ventilated buildings these are often in response to changes in indoor environment induced by outside weather conditions. SIST EN 15251:2007
EN 15251:2007 (E) 8 3.2
active cooling
see mechanical cooling 3.3
buildings, very low-polluting buildings where an extraordinary effort has been done to select low-emitting materials and activities with emission of pollutants are prohibited and no previous emitting sources (like tobacco smoke) was present NOTE Criteria are listed in Annex G. 3.4
buildings, low-polluting buildings where an effort has been done to select low-emitting materials and activities with emission of pollutants are limited or prohibited NOTE Criteria are listed in Annex G 3.5
buildings, not low-polluting old or new buildings where no effort has been done to select low-emitting materials and activities with emission of pollutants not prohibited NOTE Previous emissions (like tobacco smoke) may have taken place. 3.6 buildings without mechanical cooling
buildings that do not have any mechanical cooling and rely on other techniques to reduce high indoor temperature during the warm season like moderately-sized windows, adequate sun shielding, use of building mass, natural ventilation, night time ventilation etc. for preventing overheating
3.7
cooling season
part of the year during which (at least parts of the day and part of the building, usually summer) cooling appliances are needed to keep the indoor temperatures at specified levels NOTE The length of the cooling season differs substantially from country to country and from region to region). 3.8
daylight factor (D) ratio of the illuminance at a point on a given indoor plane due to the light received directly or indirectly from the sky of assumed or known illuminance distribution, to the illuminance on a horizontal plane due to an unobstructed hemisphere of this sky. The contribution of direct sunlight to both illuminances is excluded
[EN 12665:2002] NOTE usually expressed as a percentage 3.9
demand controlled ventilation
ventilation system where the ventilation rate is controlled by air quality, moisture, occupancy or some other indicator for the need of ventilation SIST EN 15251:2007
EN 15251:2007 (E) 9 3.10 external temperature, daily mean average of the hourly mean external air temperature for one day (24 h)
3.11 external temperature, running mean exponentially weighted running mean of the daily mean external air temperature ,ed is such a series, and is calculated from the formula: ,rm = (1- α).{ ,ed -1 + α. ,ed -2 + α2 ,ed -3….}
(1)
This equation can be simplified to
,rm = (1- α),ed -1 + α. ,rm-1
(2)
Where
,rm = Running mean temperature for today ,rm-1 = Running mean temperature for previous day ,ed-1 is the daily mean external temperature for the previous day ,ed -2 is the daily mean external temperature for the day before and so on.
α is a constant between 0 and 1. Recommended to use 0,8
The following approximate equation can be used where records of daily mean external temperature are not available: ,rm = (,ed -1 + 0,8 ,ed -2 + 0,6 ,ed -3 + 0,5 ,ed -4 + 0,4 ,ed -5 + 0,3 ,ed -6 + 0,2 ,ed -7)/3,8
(3)
3.12
heating season
parts of the year during which (at least parts of the day and part of the building, usually winter) heating appliances are needed to keep the indoor temperatures at specified levels
NOTE The length of the heating season differs substantially from country to country and from region to region). 3.13
mechanical cooling
cooling of the indoor environment by mechanical means used to provide cooling of supply air, fan coil units, cooled surfaces, etc.
NOTE The definition is related to people’s expectation regarding the internal temperature in warm seasons. Opening of windows during day and night time is not regarded as mechanical cooling. Any mechanical assisted ventilation (fans) is regarded as mechanical cooling. 3.14 optimal operative temperature operative temperature where a maximum number of the occupants can be expected to feel the indoor temperature acceptable
NOTE For mechanical cooled building it corresponds to PMV = 0. SIST EN 15251:2007
EN 15251:2007 (E) 10 3.15
occupied hours occupied hours of the building are those when the majority of the building is in its intended use
3.16
room conditioning system system able to keep a comfort conditions in a room within a defined range NOTE Air conditioning as well radiant, surface heating and cooling systems are included.
3.17
ventilation rate
magnitude of outdoor air flow to a room or building either through the ventilation system or infiltration through building envelope
3.18 ventilation system
combination of appliances designed to supply interior spaces with outdoor air and to extract polluted indoor air NOTE The system can consist of mechanical components (e.g. combination of air handling unit, ducts and terminal units). Ventilation system can also refer to natural ventilation systems making use of temperature differences and wind with facade grills in combination with exhaust (e.g. in corridors, toilets etc.). Both mechanical and natural ventilation can be combined with operable windows. A combination of mechanical and non-mechanical components is possible (hybrid systems).
SIST EN 15251:2007
EN 15251:2007 (E) 11 4 Symbols and abbreviations ,o = indoor operative temperature, oC ,e = external temperature, oC qtot= total ventilation rate, l/s qB= ventilation rate for building materials,l/(sm2)
qp= ventilation rate for persons, l/(s,person)
n = number of persons, - A= floor area, m2 Lp,A= A-weighed sound pressure level, dB(A) Lp,eq,A=equivalent A-weighed sound pressure level, dB(A) D = Daylight factor Êm = Maintained (average) illuminance
E = Illuminance (at a point or surface)
Ra = Colour rendering index
5 Interactions with other standards The present standard both gives input to other standards and is using outputs from other standards. The diagram shows an overview of the interaction with other standards related to the EPBD.
SIST EN 15251:2007
EN 15251:2007 (E) 12
Figure 1 — Diagram showing the interaction with other standards related to the EPBD
The present standard will interact in the following way with other standards A It will provide indoor environmental criteria for the design of building and HVAC systems. The thermal criteria (design indoor temperature in winter, design indoor temperature in summer) are used as input for heating (EN 12831) and cooling load (prEN 15243) calculations and sizing of the equipment. Ventilation rates are used for sizing ventilation systems (Clause 6), and lighting levels for design of lighting system including the use of day lighting.
The design values for sizing the building services are needed to fulfil the requirements in the article 4 of EPBD referring to possible negative effect of indoor environment and to give advice in respect
improvement of the energy efficiency of existing buildings (article 6) as well as of the heating (article 8) and cooling (article 9) of building.
B It will provide values for the indoor environment (temperature, ventilation, lighting) as input to the calculation of the energy demand (building energy demand), when the space is occupied, (EN ISO 13790, prEN 15255, prEN 15265) (Clause 7). It will also provide standardised input values which are needed for energy calculations as required calculations specified in article 3 of EPBD.
C Output from measured environmental parameters in existing buildings (prEN 15203, temperature, indoor air quality, ventilation rates) will enable the evaluation of overall annual performance (Clause 8). SIST EN 15251:2007
EN 15251:2007 (E) 13 This evaluation is necessary for the display of the climatic factors (indoor environment) in the energy performance certificate (article 6 and 7 of EPBD). D Output from room temperature calculations (EN ISO 13791, EN ISO 13792) will enable evaluation of the annual performance of buildings (Clause 8). This evaluation is necessary for the display of climatic factors (indoor environment) in the energy performance certificate (article 7 of EPBD) when the evaluation is based on calculations (article 7 of EPBD). E It will provide methods for measurement of the indoor environment and for treating measured data related to the inspection of HVAC systems (EN 15240, EN 15239, prEN 15378) (Clause 9). This information is necessary to give advice related to the heating loads and system (article 8 of EPBD) and air conditioning load and system (article 9 of EPBD) of a building. F It will provide a method for categorisation of indoor environment (prEN 15217) (Clause 10). This method is necessary to integrate complex indoor environment information to simple classification for the energy certificate (article 7 of EPBD). Recommended input values are given for each of the different categories. A short description of the categories is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — Description of the applicability of the categories used
NOTE
In other standards like EN 13779 and EN ISO 7730 categories are also used; but may be named different ( A, B, C or 1, 2, 3 etc.) 6 Design input criteria for dimensioning of buildings, heating, cooling, mechanical and natural ventilation systems 6.1 General For design of buildings and dimensioning of room co
...
SLOVENSKI oSIST prEN 15251:2005
PREDSTANDARD
junij 2005
Merila notranjega okolja stavb za toplotno okolje, kakovost zraka, svetlobo in
hrup
Criteria for the indoor environment including thermal, indoor air quality, light and
noise
ICS 13.040.20 Referenčna številka
oSIST prEN 15251:2005(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 15251
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2005
ICS
English version
Criteria for the Indoor Environment including thermal, indoor air
quality, light and noise
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 156.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
: This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
Warning
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15251:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 15251:2005 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword. 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope. 6
2 Normative references. 6
3 Terms and definitions. 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 9
5 Interactions with other standards . 10
6 Design criteria for dimensioning of buildings and HVAC systems . 12
6.1 Thermal environment. 12
6.1.1 Mechanical heated and cooled buildings. 12
6.1.2 Buildings without mechanical cooling . 13
6.2 Indoor air quality and ventilation rates. 13
6.2.1 Non-residential buildings. 13
6.2.2 Residential buildings. 13
6.3 Filtration and air cleaning . 14
6.4 Humidity. 15
6.5 Lighting. 15
6.5.1 Non residential buildings . 15
6.6 Noise. 16
7 Indoor environment parameters for energy calculation . 16
7.1 Thermal environment. 16
7.1.1 Seasonal calculations (degree day method). 16
7.1.2 Hourly calculations (dynamic simulation). 16
7.2 Indoor air quality and ventilation . 17
7.2.1 Non-residential buildings. 17
7.2.2 Residential buildings. 17
7.3 Humidity. 18
7.4 Lighting. 18
7.4.1 Non-residential buildings. 18
7.4.2 Residential buildings. 18
8 Evaluation of the indoor environment and long term indicators. 18
8.1 Design indicators. 18
8.2 Measured indicators. 19
8.2.1 Thermal environment. 19
8.2.2 Indoor air quality and ventilation . 20
8.2.3 Lighting. 20
8.2.4 Noise. 21
8.3 Draft. 21
8.4 Calculated indicators of indoor environment . 21
8.4.1 Simple indicator. 21
8.4.2 Hourly criteria. 21
8.4.3 Degree hours criteria. 21
9 Inspections and measurement of the indoor environment in existing buildings . 21
9.1 Inspections. 22
9.1.1 Thermal environment. 22
9.1.2 Indoor air quality. 22
9.1.3 Lighting. 22
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prEN 15251:2005 (E)
9.1.4 Noise. 23
9.2 Measurements. 23
9.2.1 Thermal environment. 23
9.2.2 Indoor air quality. 23
9.2.3 Lighting. 24
9.2.4 Noise. 25
10 Classification and certification of the indoor environment. 25
10.1 Detailed classification and certification . 25
10.2 Recommended over all evaluation of the indoor environment and certification. 25
Annex A (informative) Recommended criteria for the thermal environment . 26
A.1 Recommended indoor temperatures for design of buildings without mechanical
cooling systems . 28
A.2 Recommended indoor temperatures for energy calculations. 29
Annex B (informative) Basis for the criteria for indoor air quality and ventilation rates . 30
B.1 Recommended design ventilation rates in non-residential buildings. 30
B.2 Recommended design ventilation rates in residential buildings . 31
B.3 Recommended values of CO for energy calculation . 32
2
Annex C (informative) Typical pollution loads and moisture generation in buildings. 34
Annex D (informative) Recommended criteria for lighting. 36
Annex E (informative) Criteria to evaluate draft and noise criteria of some spaces and
buildings . 38
Annex F (informative) Long term evaluation of the general thermal comfort conditions. 39
Annex G (informative) Example of the certification of indoor environment of an office
building . 42
Annex H (informative) Example how to define the low polluting building . 43
Bibliography . 44
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prEN 15251:2005 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 15251:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156
"Ventilation for buildings", the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
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prEN 15251:2005 (E)
Introduction
Energy consumption of buildings depends significantly on the used criteria for the indoor environment
(temperature, ventilation and lighting) and building (including systems) design and operation. Indoor
environment also affects health, productivity and comfort of the occupants. Recent studies have
shown that costs of the deteriorated indoor environment for the society, employer and building owner
are often higher than the cost of energy used in the same buildings. An energy declaration without a
declaration related to the indoor environment makes no sense. There is therefore a need for
specifying criteria for the indoor environment for design, energy calculations, performance and
operation.
There exist several international standards and guidelines, which specify criteria for thermal comfort
and air quality (EN ISO 7730, CR1752, and EN 13779). These standards do however specify different
classes, which may have a significant influence on the energy demand. For the thermal environment
criteria for the heating season (cold/winter) and cooling season (warm/summer) are listed. These
criteria are, however, mainly for dimensioning of HVAC systems. They can not directly be used for a
whole year evaluation of the indoor thermal environment. New results have shown that occupant
expectations in natural ventilated buildings may differ from conditioned buildings. This is not dealt with
in details in the above documents.
This standard specifies how design criteria shall be used for dimensioning of systems. It will also
define how to establish and define parameters of main impact or classes to be used as input to
building energy calculation methods and long term evaluation of the indoor environment.
Standard specifies the three categories of indoor environment which shall be selected for a space to
be conditioned. Category A corresponds to a high level of expectation (and leads to a highest
percentage of satisfied occupants in respect of indoor environment), category B a medium level of
expectation and category C to a moderate level of expectation. The designer may also select different
levels using the same principles. A different category may be selected for thermal environment, the
indoor air quality, acoustic environment and lighting for a space or a building. A different category may
be selected for summer and winter.
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prEN 15251:2005 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the parameters of impact and/or criteria for indoor environment
and how they are used to meet the intent in the EPBD.
The standard specifies how to establish indoor environmental input parameters for the building
system design and energy performance calculations.
The standard also specifies methods for long term evaluation of the obtained indoor environment
as a result of calculations or measurements.
The standard includes a special section for buildings without mechanical cooling.
The standard specifies criteria for measurements to be used by inspection or monitoring of the
indoor environment in existing buildings.
This standard is applicable mainly in the non-industrial buildings where the criteria for indoor
environment are set by human occupancy and where the production or process does not have a
major impact on indoor environment. The standard is thus applicable to the following building
types: single family houses, apartment buildings, offices, educational buildings, hospitals, hotels
and restaurants, sports facilities, wholesale and retail trade service buildings.
The standard specifies how different categories of indoor environment can be used. But does not
does not require the certain criteria to be used. This is up to national or individual project
specifications.
The parameters and criteria are based on existing Standards and Guidelines (such as ISO CD16814,
EN ISO 7730, EN 13779, CR1752, and existing national standards).
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any
of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or
revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
CR 1752 2001, Ventilation for buildings — Design criteria for the indoor environment
EN 12792: 2004, Symbols, units and terminology
EN ISO 7726: 2003, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Instruments for measuring physical
quantities
ISO EN 7730: 2005, Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation
of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort
EN ISO 8996: 2004, Ergonomics — Determination of metabolic heat production
ISO EN 9920: 2004, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — estimation of the thermal insulation
and evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble
EN13779: 2004, Ventilation for non-residential buildings — performance requirements for ventilation
and room-conditioning systems
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prEN 15251:2005 (E)
EN12831: 2003, Heating systems in buildings — Calculation of the heating load
EN 12464: 2002, Light and lighting — Lighting of work places — Part 1: Indoor work places
EN 12665: 2002, Light and Lighting — Basic terms and criteria for specifying data of lamps and
luminaries
EN 13032: 2004, Light and lighting — Measurement and presentation of photometric data of lamps
and luminaries
ISO 15927-4: 2004, Hygrothermal performance of buildings — Calculation and presentation of
climatic data — Part 4: Data for assessing the annual energy for cooling and heating systems and
Part 5: Winter external temperatures and related wind data
PrEN14788: 2004, Ventilation for buildings — Design and dimensioning of residential ventilation
systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the general purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 12792
shall apply.
3.1
adaptation
physiological, psychological or behavioural adjustment of building occupants to the interior thermal
environment, induced by outside weather conditions
3.2
active cooling
see mechanical cooling
3.3
average outdoor temperature
average daily outdoor temperature is the average of hourly average outdoor air temperatures
Average monthly outdoor temperature is the average of average daily outdoor air temperatures
3.4
brightness contrast
subjective assessment of the difference in colour between two or more surfaces seen simultaneously
or successively
3.5
buildings without mechanical cooling
buildings that rely on passive techniques to reduce high indoor temperature during the warm season
like not too large windows, adequate sun shielding, use of building mass, nigh time ventilation etc.
and not mechanical systems (e.g. air cooling, cooled surfaces) for preventing overheating
3.6
cold season
see heating season. In most regions (depending on length of the day, local solar radiation levels,
average monthly wind speed etc.) the cold season usually refers to periods with average outside
temperatures (average between maximum day temperature and minimum night temperature) below
12…13 °C
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3.7
colour rendering
effect of an illuminant on the colour appearance of objects by conscious or subconscious comparison
with their colour appearance under a reference illuminant
3.8
colour rendering index (R )
a
mean of the CIE 1974 special colour rendering indices for a specific set of eight test colour samples
(IEC 50 (845)/CIE 17.4:1987; 845-02-59)
3.9
cooling season
part of the year during which (at least parts of the day) cooling appliances are used to keep the indoor
temperatures at agreed levels. The length of the cooling seasons differs substantially from country to
country (region to region)
3.10
daylight factor (D)
ratio of the luminance at a point on a given plane due to the light received directly or indirectly from
the sky of assumed or known luminance distribution, to the luminance on a horizontal plane due to an
unobstructed hemisphere of this sky. The contribution to direct sunlight to both luminances is
excluded
3.11
demand controlled ventilation
in demand controlled ventilation system the ventilation rate is controlled by air quality, moisture,
occupancy or some other indicator for the need of ventilation
3.12
glare
condition of vision in which there is discomfort or a reduction in the ability to see details or objects,
caused by an unsuitable distribution or range of luminance, or to extreme contrasts
3.13
heating season
part of the year during which (at least parts of the day) heating appliances are used to keep the indoor
temperatures at agreed levels. The length of the heating seasons differs substantially from country to
country (region to region)
3.14
luminance (at a point or surface) (E)
quotient of the luminous dΦ incident on an element of the surface containing the point, by the area dA
of that element
3.15
maintained (average) luminance (Ê )
m
value below which the average luminance on the specified area should not fall. It is the average
luminance at the time maintenance should be carried out
3.16
mechanical cooling
cooling of an environment or building by mechanical means like compressor cycle or similar using
central cooling of supply air, fan coil units, cooled surfaces, etc.
3.17
mechanical ventilation
see under ‘ventilation system’
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3.18
natural ventilation
see under ‘ventilation system’
3.19
occupied hours/Unoccupied hours
the occupied hours of the building are those when the majority of the building is in its intended use.
The hours outside this period building is considered to be unoccupied
3.20
shielding angle
angle between the horizontal planes at the first line of sight at which the luminous parts of the lamps
in the luminaries are directly visible
3.21
ventilation rate
the magnitude of outdoor air flow to a room or building either through the ventilation system of
infiltration through building envelope
3.22
ventilation system
a combination of appliances designed to supply interior spaces with outdoor air and to extract polluted
indoor air. The system can consist of mechanical components (e.g. combination of air handling unit,
ducts and terminal units). Ventilation system can also refer to natural ventilation systems making use
of (wind dependant) facade shutters in combination with mechanical exhaust (e.g. in corridors, toilets
etc.). Both mechanical and natural ventilation can be combined with operable windows. A combination
of mechanical and non-mechanical components is possible (hybrid systems)
3.23
warm season
see cooling season. In most regions (depending on length of the day, local solar radiation levels,
average monthly wind speed etc.) the warm season usually refers to periods with average outside
temperatures above 12…13 °C
3.24
unified Glare Rating (UGR)
rating of discomfort glare directly forms the luminaries of an indoor lighting installation using the CIE
Unified Glare Rating tabular method (EN 12464-1:2002)
4 Symbols and abbreviations
o
T = temperature, C
o
T = indoor operative temperature, C
o
o
T = external temperature, C
e
q = total ventilation rate, l/s
tot
2
q = ventilation rate for building materials,l/sm
B
q = ventilation rate for persons, l/s,pers
p
n = number of persons, -
2
A= floor area, m
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L = A-weighed sound pressure level, dB(A)
p,A
L =equivalent A-weighed sound pressure level, dB(A)
p,eq,A
D = Daylight factor
Ê = Maintained (average) luminance
m
E = Luminance (at a point or surface)
= Colour rendering index
R
a
UGR = Unified Glare Rating
5 Interactions with other standards
The present standard both give input to other standards and is using outputs from other standards.
The diagram shows an overview of the interaction with other standards related to the EPBD.
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prEN 15251:2005 (E)
Methodology for calculating energy performance
Article 3
Energy certification of buildings Ways of expressing energy performance
Article 7 -- WI-1 Article 4 -- WI- 3
F
F
New buildings
Existing buildings
Indoor Environment
Article 5
Article 6
WI 31
B
C
D
B
Application of measured
Energy use for space heating
Energy use for space heating and cooling
energy (temperature) use
and cooling -Simplified method
General criteria and validation procedures
WI - 4
WI-14/15
WI-17
Temperature calculations
WI-27,28
Heating system energy requirements
WI-7/8/9/10 (26)
Follow calculation method for new buildings
E
Cooling system energy requirements
Overall energy use, primary energy,
WI-12 (26)
CO emissions
2
WI-2
Ventilation system energy requirements
Building automation
WI-18/19/20/21/25
WI-22
Heating systems (incl. boilers)
Article 8 -- WI-5
Energy requirements for lighting
Inspections
WI-13
Air conditioning (incl. ventilation)
Article 9 -- WI-6/30
Domestic hot water energy requirements
WI-11
Figure 1 — Diagram showing the interaction with other standards related to the EPBD
The present standard will interact in the following way with other standards
A Indoor environmental criteria for design of building and HVAC systems. The thermal criteria
(design indoor temperature in winter, design indoor temperature in summer) are used as input for
heating (EN12831) and cooling load (EPBD-WI-16) calculations and sizing of the equipment.
Ventilation rates are used for sizing ventilation systems (Section 6), and lighting levels for design of
lighting system including the use of day lighting.
The design values for sizing the building services are needed to fulfil the requirements in the article 4
of EPBD referring to possible negative effect of indoor environment and to give advice in respect
improvement of the energy efficiency of existing buildings (article 6) as well as of the heating
(article 8) and cooling (article 9) of building.
B Criteria for the indoor environment (temperature, ventilation, lighting) as input to the calculation
of the energy demand (building energy demand), (EPBD WI-14, EPBD WI-15, EPBD WI-17)
(Section 7).
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Standardised input values for the energy calculations are needed for required calculations specified in
article 3 of EPBD.
C Output from measured environmental parameters in existing buildings (EPBD WI-4, temperature,
indoor air quality, ventilation rates) to evaluate overall yearly performance (Section 8). This
evaluation is necessary for the display of the climatic factors (indoor environment) in the energy
performance certificate (article 6 and 7 of EPBD).
D Output from room temperature calculations (EPBD WI-27, EPBD WI-28) to evaluate yearly
performance of buildings (chapter 8). This evaluation is necessary for the display of the climatic
factors (indoor environment) in the energy performance certificate (article 7 of EPBD) when the
evaluation is based on calculations (article 7 of EPBD)
E Provide methods for measurements of the indoor environment and for treating measured data
related to the inspection of HVAC systems (EPBD WI-5, EPBD WI-6, EPBD WI-30) (chapter 9). This
information is necessary to give advice related to the heating loads and system (article 8 of EPBD)
and air conditioning load and system (article 9 of EPBD) of a building.
F Provide method for certification and classification of indoor environment (EPBD WI-1, EPBD WI-
3) (Section 10). This certification method is necessary to integrate complex indoor environment
information to simple classification for the energy certificate (article 7 of EPBD).
6 Design criteria for dimensioning of buildings and HVAC systems
For design of building and dimensioning of HVAC systems the thermal comfort criteria (minimum
room temperature in winter, maximum room temperature in summer) shall be used as input for
heating load (EN12831) and cooling load (EPBD WI-16) calculations. This will guarantee that a
minimum-maximum room temperature can be obtained at design outdoor conditions and design
internal loads. Ventilation rates that are used for sizing the equipment have to
...
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