SIST-TS CEN/TS 15405:2007
(Main)Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of density of pellets and briquettes
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of density of pellets and briquettes
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of particle density of irregularly shaped pieces of compressed fuels such as pellets or briquettes.
NOTE Particle density is subject to variation due to the susceptibility of organic material to environmental or technical impacts such as air humidity, vibration, abrasion or biodegradation. Therefore, particle density can vary during time thus the measured values should be regarded as a momentary fuel property.
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Dichte von Pellets und Briketts
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes pour la détermination de la densité des granulés et des briquettes
Trdno alternativno gorivo - Metode za ugotavljanje gostote peletov in briketov
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15405:2007
01-marec-2007
Trdno alternativno gorivo - Metode za ugotavljanje gostote peletov in briketov
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of density of pellets and briquettes
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Dichte von Pellets und
Briketts
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes pour la détermination de la densité
des granulés et des briquettes
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15405:2006
ICS:
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15405:2007 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15405
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
October 2006
ICS 75.160.10
English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of density
of pellets and briquettes
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes pour la Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung
détermination de la densité des granulés et des briquettes der Dichte von Pellets und Briketts
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 25 March 2006 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15405:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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CEN/TS 15405:2006 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Principle.5
5 Apparatus .5
6 Sampling and sample preparation.8
7 Procedure .8
8 Calculation.9
9 Precision.10
10 Test report .10
Annex A (informative) Correction values for the density of water as a function of temperature .11
Annex B (informative) Volume determination of regularly shaped briquettes by stereometry.12
Bibliography .14
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CEN/TS 15405:2006 (E)
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15405:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid
recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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CEN/TS 15405:2006 (E)
Introduction
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of particle density where the required
volume is measured by the buoyancy in a liquid. The parameter particle density is not an absolute value,
therefore conditions for its determination should be standardised in order to gain comparative measuring
results. Practical experience shows that for briquettes, the method specified is also replaceable by a similar
measurement applying a gravimetrical determination of the volume via the displaced liquid. In this case, the
container with the liquid is not positioned underneath the balance as specified in this Technical Specification
but is placed onto the balance which would then have to carry a higher total mass (at the same accuracy
requirements). For all other requirements (e.g. for the wetting agent), the procedure as outlined in this
Technical Specification should be followed, except, that the equation for density calculation shall be modified
accordingly.
This Technical Specification is based on CEN/TS 15150 [1].
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CEN/TS 15405:2006 (E)
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of particle density of irregularly shaped
pieces of compressed fuels such as pellets or briquettes.
NOTE Particle density is subject to variation due to the susceptibility of organic material to environmental or technical
impacts such as air humidity, vibration, abrasion or biodegradation. Therefore, particle density can vary during time thus
the measured values should be regarded as a momentary fuel property.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this Technical Specification. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
CEN/TS 15357:2006, Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions
CEN/TS 15359, Solid recovered fuels — Specifications and classes
prCEN/TS 15442, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for sampling
prCEN/TS 15443, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for laboratory sample preparation
CEN/TS 15414-1, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method —
Part 1: Determination of total moisture by a reference method
CEN/TS 15414-2, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method —
Part 2: Determination of total moisture by a simplified procedure
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TS 15357:2006 apply.
4 Principle
Both mass and volume of an individual particle or a group of particles are determined. The volume is
measured by determining the buoyancy in a liquid. This procedure follows the physical principle that the
buoyancy of a body is equal to the mass of the displaced volume of a liquid. The apparent loss in mass
between a measurement in air and a subsequent measurement in liquid marks its buoyancy. The volume of
the sample body is calculated via the density of the applied liquid.
5 Apparatus
5.1 General apparatus requirements
5.1.1 Thermometer, for liquids, with an accuracy of 1 °C.
5.1.2 Facilities, for moisture content determination in accordance with CEN/TS 15414-2.
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CEN/TS 15405:2006 (E)
5.2 Apparatus for pellet testing
5.2.1 Balance, readable to 0,001 g. Due to the high sensitivity of the balance, the test rig shall be placed
into a wind protection cabinet to allow undisturbed and immediate reading of the displayed values.
5.2.2 Beaker glass, transparent, with a filling volume of about 200 ml.
5.2.3 Thermometer, for liquids, with an accuracy of 1 °C.
5.2.4 Rig, for density determination, capable of being placed on the balance.
The rig shall be consisted of a bridge which overstretches the weighing plate of the balance in order to prevent
the balance from being loaded. The bridge shall be capable of carrying the beaker glass (5.2.2). Through a
supporting frame with suspension rods, a weighing dish ("submergence dish") shall be hung into the beaker
glass (see Figure 1) which is filled with liquid. The dish shall be able to accommodate four pellets at once.
Both, the supporting frame and the submergence dish shall be directly loaded on the balance plate. The
submergence apparatus (the dish and the suspension) shall be able to be removed for being loaded with
pellets. The submergence depth shall always be kept constant through the dish suspension. The bottom of the
submergence dish shall be perforated by openings which are smaller in diameter than the diameter of the
pellets. This perforation allows the liquid to fill the dish from underneath if it is submerged. If sample material
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of low density shall be applied (< 1,0 g/cm ), a modified suspension with an inverted submergence dish is
required; this is to prevent pellets from floating atop of the liquid. For the determination of the mass in air, it is
advantageous to use a combined test rig where an additional upper weighing dish is fixed (see Figure 1).
Key
1 weighing dish, for weighing in air 5 weighing plate
2 pellets 6 beaker glass
3 bridge 7 dish suspension
4 perforated submergence dish, for weighing in water 8 supporting frame
Figure 1 — Buoyancy determination rig on a balance (method for pellets)
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CEN/TS 15405:2006 (E)
5.3 Apparatus for briquette testing
5.3.1 Balance, readable to 0,01 g. If briquettes of more than 500 g each shall be tested, the readability of
the balance may be reduced to 0,1 g. The balance shall have a connecting point for hanging a weight to its
load cell.
5.3.2 Container, transparent, for liquids, with a sufficient filling volume to accommodate the liquid and the
submerged briquette.
NOTE A sufficient filling volume is usually achieved when the cross section of the container is about eight times
larger than the cross section of the briquette. In this case, any effects by level changes of the liquid caused by submersion
of the briquette are negligible. Such deviation would arise due to a larger part of the holding steel string being submerged.
5.3.3 Thin steel string, non absorbent, able to be hung to the connecting point of the balance; the end of
the string is equipped with a hook or a ring allowing an easy appending of the sample.
5.3.4 Tripod, for placing the balance on, having a plate with an opening allowing the string to pass through
unhindered while hanging to the balance (see Figure 2).
Key
1 carrying plate with opening 5 test sample (briquette)
2 balance 6 connecting ring or hook
3 steel string 7 tripod
4 liquid container
Figure 2 — Buoyancy determination rig using a hanging load to a balance (method for briquettes)
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CEN/TS 15405:2006 (E)
5.3.5 Steel support device, e.g. a steel loop, allowing to fix the briquette to the lower connecting point of
the string.
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5.3.6 Removable weight, in the case of testing a sample material of low density (< 1,0 g/cm ), placeable
onto the sample in a way which prevents the briquette from floating atop of the liquid.
6 Sampling and sample preparation
The sample shall be taken and prepared in accordance with prCEN/TS 15442, prCEN/TS 15443,
CEN/TS 15414-1 and CEN/TS 15414-2.
The sample size shall be at least 500 g for pellets and 15 pieces for briquettes, respectively.
A sub-sample of minimum 40 pellets or 10 briquettes shall be selected from the fuel and stored at room
temperature before measuring.
7 Procedure
7.1 Procedure for pell
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