SIST EN 15316-4-7:2009
Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems
Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems
This European Standard is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of space heating systems and domestic hot water systems. The scope of this specific part is to standardise the: required inputs; calculation method; resulting outputs, for space heating generation by biomass combustion sub-systems (boilers) with stocking by hand, including control. This European Standard is also intended for the case of generation for both domestic hot water production and space heating. The case of generation only for domestic hot water production is treated in EN 15316-3-3.
Heizanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 4-7: Wärmeerzeugung für die Raumheizung, Biomassewärmeerzeuger
Die vorliegende Europäische Norm ist Teil einer Normenreihe zu Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade von Anlagen für die Raumheizung und Trinkwassererwärmung.
Der Anwendungsbereich dieses vorliegenden Teils dient zur Normung
der erforderlichen Eingaben,
des Berechnungsverfahrens,
der erforderlichen Ausgaben,
für die Wärmeerzeugung durch Biomassewärmeerzeuger (Kessel) mit manueller Beschickung, einschließlich Regeleinrichtung.
Die vorliegende Europäische Norm ist sowohl für die Wärmeerzeugung für die Trinkwassererwärmung als auch für die Raumheizung vorgesehen. Die Wärmeerzeugung ausschließlich für die Trinkwassererwärmung wird in EN 15316 3 3 behandelt.
Systemes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et de l'efficacité des systemes - Partie 4-7 : Systeme de génération de chauffage des locaux, systemes de combustion de biomasse
La présente Norme européenne fait partie d’une série de normes sur la méthode de calcul des besoins
énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes de chauffage des locaux et de production d’eau chaude sanitaire.
Le domaine d’application de cette partie spécifique sert à normaliser :
- les données d’entrée requises ;
- la méthode de calcul ;
- les données de sortie obtenues ;
pour les systèmes de génération pour le chauffage des locaux par des sous-systèmes de combustion de la
biomasse (chaudières) à chargement manuel, y compris la régulation.
La présente Norme européenne s’applique également à la génération de chauffage des locaux et à la production
d’eau chaude sanitaire. La génération de chaleur uniquement pour la production d’eau chaude sanitaire est traitée
dans l’EN 15316-3-3.
Ogrevalni sistemi v stavbah - Metoda za preračun energijskih zahtev in učinkovitosti sistema - 4-7. del: Proizvodnja toplote za ogrevanje prostorov, sistemi za zgorevanje biomase
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Heizanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 4-7: Wärmeerzeugung für die Raumheizung, BiomassewärmeerzeugerSystemes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et de l'efficacité des systemes - Partie 4-7 : Systeme de génération de chauffage des locaux, systemes de combustion de biomasseHeating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems91.140.10Sistemi centralnega ogrevanjaCentral heating systemsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15316-4-7:2008SIST EN 15316-4-7:2009en,fr,de01-maj-2009SIST EN 15316-4-7:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 15316-4-7:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15316-4-7November 2008ICS 91.140.10 English VersionHeating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of systemenergy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-7: Spaceheating generation systems, biomass combustion systemsSystèmes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode decalcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements dessystèmes - Partie 4-7 : Systèmes de génération dechauffage des locaux, systèmes de combustion de labiomasseHeizungsanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnungder Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen- Teil 4-7: Wärmeerzeugung für die Raumheizung,BiomasseverbrennungssystemThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 September 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15316-4-7:2008: ESIST EN 15316-4-7:2009
EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword .4 Introduction .6 1 Scope .6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units .7 3.1 Terms and definitions .7 3.2 Symbols and units . 10 4 Principle of the method . 11 4.1 Heat balance of the biomass combustion sub-system, including control of heat
generation . 11 4.1.1 Physical factors for biomass combustion sub-system ( biomass boiler ) taken into account . 11 4.1.2 Calculation structure (input and output data) . 12 4.2 Generation sub-system basic energy balance . 13 4.3 Auxiliary energy . 14 4.4 Recoverable, recovered and unrecoverable system thermal losses . 14 4.5 Calculation steps . 15 4.6 Using net or gross calorific values . 15 4.7 Boundaries between distribution and generation sub-system . 15 5 Biomass combustion sub-system calculation . 16 6 Calculation method for boilers with automatic stocking. 16 7 Calculation method for boilers with stocking by hand . 16 7.1 Available methodologies . 16 7.2 Operation periods . 16 7.2.1 General . 16 7.2.2 Heating up operation cycle . 17 7.2.3 Boiler heating operation cycle . 17 7.2.4 Cooling down operation cycle . 17 7.2.5 Boiler non operation cycle . 18 7.3 Case specific boiler efficiency method . 18 7.3.1 Principle of the method . 18 7.3.2 Input data to the method . 19 7.3.3 Load of the boiler . 20 7.3.4 Biomass boiler thermal losses . 21 7.3.5 Total auxiliary energy . 23 7.3.6 Recoverable generation system thermal losses . 24 7.3.7 Fuel input . 25 7.3.8 Operating temperature of the biomass boiler . 25 7.4 Boiler cycling method . 26 7.4.1 Principle of the method . 26 7.4.2 Input data for the calculation method. 28 7.4.3 Load factor . 29 7.4.4 Specific thermal losses . 29 7.4.5 Total thermal losses . 33 7.4.6 Auxiliary energy . 33 7.4.7 Recoverable system thermal losses . 34 SIST EN 15316-4-7:2009
EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 3 7.4.8 Calculation procedure for a modulating biomass boiler (fan assisted) . 34 Annex A (informative)
Additional formulas and default values for parametering the case specific boiler efficiency method . 35 A.1 Information on the method . 35 A.1.1 Basic assumptions and intended use . 35 A.1.2 Known approximations . 35 A.2 Boiler efficiencies and stand-by heat losses. 35 A.2.1 Default values for boiler efficiency at full load and intermediate load as a function of the boiler power output . 35 A.2.2 Stand-by heat losses . 36 A.2.3 Correction factor taking into account variation of efficiency depending on boiler average water temperature . 37 A.3 Auxiliary energy . 38 A.4 Recoverable boiler thermal losses . 38 A.4.1 Auxiliary energy . 38 A.4.2 Thermal losses (boiler envelope) . 39 A.4.3 Default data according to boiler location . 39 Annex B (informative)
Additional formulas and default values for parametering the boiler cycling method . 40 B.1 Information on the method . 40 B.1.1 Basis assumptions and intended use . 40 B.1.2 Known approximations . 40 B.2 Default specific losses . 40 B.2.1 Default data for calculation of thermal losses through the chimney with boiler on . 40 B.2.2 Default values for calculation of thermal losses through the boiler envelope . 41 B.2.3 Default values for calculation of thermal losses through the chimney with the boiler off . 42 B.3 Default values for calculation of auxiliary energy . 43 B.4 Additional default data for modulating burners . 43 Annex C (informative)
Storage systems for biomass combustion systems . 45 C.1 General . 45 C.1.1 Accumulator storage system . 45 C.1.2 Load balancing storage system . 45 C.2 Sizing of storage systems for biomass combustion systems. 45 C.2.1 Sizing of the volume of the accumulator storage tank . 45 C.2.2 Sizing of the volume of the load balancing tank . 46 C.3 System thermal losses of storage systems. 46 C.3.1 Thermal losses . 46 C.3.2 Auxiliary energy of the circulation pump . 47 Annex D (informative)
Calculation procedure with an example for biomass boiler with stocking by hand - Case specific boiler efficiency method . 48 Annex E (informative)
Calculation procedure with an example for biomass boiler with stocking by hand (Cycling method) . 50 Bibliography . 53
SIST EN 15316-4-7:2009
EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15316-4-7:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2009. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for calculation of the energy performance of buildings. An overview of the whole set of standards is given in CEN/TR 15615. The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following: design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.); installation of heating systems; commissioning of heating systems; instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems; methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads; methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems. Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems. All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system.
Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a.o. product standards. However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements. The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like.
The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved. Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated. In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed. EN 15316 Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies consists of the following parts: Part 1: General SIST EN 15316-4-7:2009
EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 5 Part 2-1: Space heating emission systems Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems Part 3-1: Domestic hot water systems, characterisation of needs (tapping requirements) Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution Part 3-3: Domestic hot water systems, generation Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems (boilers) Part 4-2: Space heating generation systems, heat pump systems Part 4-3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar systems Part 4-4: Heat generation systems, building-integrated cogeneration systems
Part 4-5: Space heating generation systems, the performance and quality of district heating and large volume systems Part 4-6: Heat generation systems, photovoltaic systems
Part 4-7: Space heating generation systems, biomass combustion systems According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
SIST EN 15316-4-7:2009
EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 6 Introduction This European Standard presents methods for calculation of the additional energy requirements of a heat generation system by biomass combustion in order to meet the distribution and/or storage sub-system demand. The calculation is based on the performance characteristics of the products given in product standards and on other characteristics required to evaluate the performance of the products as included in the system. This method can be used for the following applications: judging compliance with regulations expressed in terms of energy targets;
optimisation of the energy performance of a planned heat generation system, by applying the method to several possible options; assessing the effect of possible energy conservation measures on an existing heat generation system, by calculating the energy use with and without the energy conservation measures. The user needs to refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by this European Standard. 1 Scope This European Standard is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of space heating systems and domestic hot water systems. The scope of this specific part is to standardise the: required inputs; calculation method; resulting outputs, for space heating generation by biomass combustion sub-systems (boilers) with stocking by hand, including control. This European Standard is also intended for the case of generation for both domestic hot water production and space heating. The case of generation only for domestic hot water production is treated in EN 15316-3-3. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 303-5, Heating boilers — Part 5: Heating boilers for solid fuels, hand and automatically stocked, nominal heat output of up to 300 kW — Terminology, requirements, testing and marking EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987) SIST EN 15316-4-7:2009
EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 7 EN 15316-2-3, Heating systems in building — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems EN 15316-3-2, Heating systems in building — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 3-2: Domestic hot water systems, distribution EN 15316-3-3, Heating systems in building — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 3-3: Domestic hot water systems, generation EN 15316-4-1:2005, Heating systems in building — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems (boilers) 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995 and the following apply. 3.1.1 space heating process of heat supply for thermal comfort 3.1.2 domestic hot water heating process of heat supply to raise the temperature of the cold water to the intended delivery temperature 3.1.3 heated space room or enclosure which for the purposes of the calculation is assumed to be heated to a given set-point temperature or set-point temperatures 3.1.4 system thermal loss thermal loss from a technical building system for heating, cooling, domestic hot water, humidification, dehumidification, ventilation or lighting that does not contribute to the useful output of the system NOTE Thermal energy recovered directly in the subsystem is not considered as a system thermal loss but as heat recovery and is directly treated in the related system standard. 3.1.5 auxiliary energy electrical energy used by technical building systems for heating, cooling, ventilation and/or domestic hot water to support energy transformation to satisfy energy needs NOTE This includes energy for fans, pumps, electronics etc. Electrical energy input to the a ventilation system for air transport and heat recovery is not considered as auxiliary energy, but as energy use for ventilation. 3.1.6 heat recovery heat generated by a technical building system or linked to a building use (e.g. domestic hot water) which is utilised directly in the related system to lower the heat input and which would otherwise be wasted (e.g. preheating of the combustion air by flue gas heat exchanger) 3.1.7 total system thermal loss total of the technical system thermal loss, including recoverable system thermal losses SIST EN 15316-4-7:2009
EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 8 3.1.8 recoverable system thermal loss part of the system thermal loss which can be recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system 3.1.9 recovered system thermal loss part of the recoverable system thermal loss which has been recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system 3.1.10 gross calorific value quantity of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen at a constant pressure equal to 101 320 Pa, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature NOTE 1 This quantity includes the latent heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. NOTE 2 According to ISO 13602-2, the gross calorific value is preferred to the net calorific value. NOTE 3 The net calorific value does not take into account the latent heat of condensation. 3.1.11 net calorific value gross calorific value minus latent heat of condensation of the water vapour in the products of combustion at ambient temperature 3.1.12 calculation step discrete time interval for the calculation of the energy needs and uses for heating, cooling, humidification and dehumidification NOTE Typical discrete time intervals are one hour, one day, one month or one heating and/or cooling season, operating modes, and bins. 3.1.13 calculation period period of time over which the calculation is performed NOTE The calculation period can be divided into a number of calculation steps. 3.1.14 external temperature temperature of external air NOTE 1 For transmission heat transfer calculations, the radiant temperature of the external environment is supposed equal to the external air temperature; long-wave transmission to the sky is calculated separately. NOTE 2 The measurement of external air temperature is defined in EN ISO 15927-1. 3.1.15 boiler gas, liquid or solid fuelled appliance designed to provide hot water for space heating. It may (but need not) be designed to provide domestic hot water heating as well 3.1.16 combustion power product of the fuel flow rate and the net calorific power of the fuel
SIST EN 15316-4-7:2009
EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 9 3.1.17 condensing boiler boiler designed to make use of the latent heat released by condensation of water vapour in the combustion flue products. The boiler needs to allow the condensate to leave the heat exchanger in liquid form by way of a condensate drain NOTE
Boilers not so designed, or without the means to remove the condensate in liquid form, are called ‘non-condensing’. 3.1.18 modes of operation various modes in which the heating system can operate (set-point mode, cut-off mode, reduced mode, set-back mode, boost mode) 3.1.19 modulating boiler boiler with the capability to vary continuously (from a set minimum to a set maximum) the fuel burning rate whilst maintaining continuous burner firing 3.1.20 accumulator (storage) system part of the generation system tank which stores excess heat during operation time (resulting from the difference between the boiler output and the actual heat input to the heating system) 3.1.21 load balancing (storage) system part of the generation system tank which improves the operation conditions during operation time (resulting in reducing the starting intervals and increasing the running time of automatic fired biomass boilers
(see EN 15316-4-1) 3.1.22 biomass boiler biomass fuelled appliance designed to provide heating medium (e.g. water, fluid) for space heating 3.1.23 load factor ratio between the time with the boiler ON and the total generator operation time 3.1.24 operation cycle time period of the operation cycle of a boiler SIST EN 15316-4-7:2009
EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 10 3.2 Symbols and units For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units (Table 1) and indices (Table 2) apply. Table 1 – Symbols and units Symbol Name of quantity Unit b temperature reduction factor c - c coefficient c various c specific heat capacity J/kg·K or Wh/kg·K a E energy in general (except quantity of heat, mechanical work and auxiliary (electrical) energy J or Wh a e expenditure factor c - f factor c - H calorific value J/mass unit or
Wh/mass unit b H heat transfer coefficient c W/K k factor c - m mass kg n exponent - N number of items integer P power in general including electrical power W Q quantity of heat J or Wh a t time, period of time s or h a V volume L V' volume flow m³/s or m³/h a W auxiliary (electrical) energy, mechanical work J or Wh a . loss factor %
load factor - û prefix for difference
η efficiency factor % θ Celsius temperature °C - heat flow rate, thermal power W a If seconds (s) is used as the unit of time, the unit for energy needs to be J; If hours (h) is used as the unit of time, the unit for energy needs to be Wh. b Mass unit for fuel may be Stm³, Nm³ or kg. c Coefficients have dimensions; factors are dimensionless.
SIST EN 15316-4-7:2009
EN 15316-4-7:2008 (E) 11 Table 2 – Indices acc accumulator gen generation subsystem on
on aux auxiliary
gnr generator op operation avg average grs gross out output from subsystem
brm boiler room H heating P0 at zero load
cham chamber hup heating up Pint at intermediate load ch chimney i, j, k indices Pn at nominal load ci calculation step in input to subsystem Px at x load cmb combustion ins insulation rbl recoverable cod cooling down int intermediate ref reference cor corrected / correction lob load balancing rvd recovered ctr control ls losses s gross (calorific value) dis distribution
m mean sby in stand-by operation em emission
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.