SIST EN 24491-1:2000
(Main)Metallic powders - Determination of oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 1: General guidelines (ISO 4491-1:1989)
Metallic powders - Determination of oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 1: General guidelines (ISO 4491-1:1989)
Gives some recommendations for the correct interpretation of the results obtained. The test methods are applicable generally to all powders of metals, alloys, carbides and mixtures thereof. The constituents of the powder shall be non-volatile and free of lubricant or organic binder. The limitations of the methods which depend upon the nature of the analysed metal are discussed in clause 4.
Metallpulver - Bestimmung des Sauerstoffgehaltes durch Reduktionsverfahren - Teil 1: Allgemeine Hinweise (ISO 4491-1:1989)
Diese Norm ist die erste Norm aus einer Reihe, die die Bestimmung des Sauerstoffgehalts von Metallpulvern durch Reduktionsverfahren behandelt. Sie enthält allgemeine Hinweise für diese Verfahren und gibt Empfehlungen für die korrekte Auslegung der erzielten Ergebnisse.
Poudres métalliques - Dosage de l'oxygene par les méthodes de réduction - Partie 1: Directives générales (ISO 4491-1:1989)
Metallic powders - Determination of oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 1: General guidelines (ISO 4491-1:1989)
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Metallic powders - Determination of oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 1: General guidelines (ISO 4491-1:1989)Metallpulver - Bestimmung des Sauerstoffgehaltes durch Reduktionsverfahren - Teil 1: Allgemeine Hinweise (ISO 4491-1:1989)Poudres métalliques - Dosage de l'oxygene par les méthodes de réduction - Partie 1: Directives générales (ISO 4491-1:1989)Metallic powders - Determination of oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 1: General guidelines (ISO 4491-1:1989)77.160Metalurgija prahovPowder metallurgyICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 24491-1:1993SIST EN 24491-1:2000en01-december-2000SIST EN 24491-1:2000SLOVENSKI
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SIST EN 24491-1:2000
SIST EN 24491-1:2000
SIST EN 24491-1:2000
SIST EN 24491-1:2000
SIST EN 24491-1:2000
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4491-1 First edition 1989-10-01 Metallic powders - Determination of Oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 1: General guidelines Poudres mktalliques - Dosage de roxyg&ne par les m&hodes de rkduction - Partie I : Direc tives gGn&a fes Reference number ISO 4491-1 : 1989 (EI SIST EN 24491-1:2000
ISO4491-1 :1989 (EI Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bedies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard ISO 4491-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy. ISO 4491 consists of the following Parts, under the general Determination of Oxygen content by reduction methods: - Part 7: General guidefines - - title Metallic powders - Part 2: Loss of mass on h ydrogen reduction (h ydrogen IossJ Part 3: Hydrogen-reducible Oxygen Part 4: Total Oxygen b y reduction-extraction 0 ISO 1989 All rights reserved. No patt of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 l CH-121 1 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland ii SIST EN 24491-1:2000
ISO 44914 : 1989 (El Introduction In powder metallurgy, the purity of the powders is an important Parameter for the manufacture of sintered metals. Among the various impurities which may be present in a powder, Oxygen plays a particular role as it is always present in any metal or alloy powder, and in amounts greater than those encountered in compact metals. Oxygen is mostly combined in the form of oxides which appear in the following ways: - Oxide film coatings on particle surfaces, spontaneously formed by Oxidation of the metal by air or moisture during powder preparation and during handling and storage. - Oxide inclusions, being either oxides of the main metal remaining locally unreduced during the production process (in the case of reduced powders), or other Oxide impurities originating from the raw material and/or from the equipment (e.g. refractory ceramics from melting furnace in atomization processes). In practice, Oxygen contents in metallic powders lie mostly in the range 0,l % (mlm) to 1 % brdm). The determination of Oxygen Chemical methods, for exampl content tan be made by means of many p hysical or a) specif ic methods, such as activation the element 0 is directly determined; analysis or mass spectrometry, in which b) reduction methods, in which oxides present are, totally or partially, reduced by hydrogen or by carbon. Oxygen content is related, either to the loss of mass of the Sample through reduction, or to the amount of water or CO/C02 produced by the reaction; Cl - either the Oxide Phase is selectively dissolved and determined chemically (for example in topper powder, where topper Oxide is dissolved by hydrochloric acid) ; - or the metal Phase is selectively dissolved, and the insoluble residue (assumed to be Oxide) is evaluated (for example in aluminium powder, aluminium is dissolved in bromine-methanol reagent, leaving aluminium Oxide). The present International Standard considers only reduction methods, as these com monly used in laboratories for analysing a great variety of metal powders. Separation methods, in which are SIST EN 24491-1:2000
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4491-1 f 1989 (E) Metallic powders - Determination of Oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 1 : General guidelines 1 Scope This part of ISO 4491 is the first part of a series dealing with the determination of Oxygen content in metallic powders by reduc- tion methods. lt gives general guidance to these methods, and gives some recommendations for the correct interpretation of the results obtained. The test methods are applicable generally to all powders of metals, alloys, carbides and mixtures thereof. The constituents of the powder shall be non-volatile under the conditions of test. The powder shall be free of lubricant or organic binder. However, there exist certain limitations which depend upon the nature of the analysed metal. These limitations are discussed in clause 4. 2 Normative references The following Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 4491. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject to revision, and Parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 4491 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 4491-2 : 1999, Metallic powders - Determination of Oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 2: Loss of mass on hydrogen reduction (hydrogen loss). ISO 4491-3 : 1909, Metalfic powders - Determination of Oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 3: Hydrogen- reducible oxygen, ISO 4491-4 : 1999, Metallic powders - Determination of Oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 4: Total Oxygen by reduction-extraction. 3 Sampling For sampling of the powder the procedures given in ISO 3954 : 1977, Powders for powder metallurgical purposes - Sam- pling, are recommended. The powder shall be tested in the as-received condition. Metallic powders are frequently reactive substances with respect to air and moisture. Therefore, particular attention shall be given to adequate conditions for handling and storage of the test Sample. The test Portion shall be taken immedia
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