SIST EN 12516-2:2015
(Main)Industrial valves - Shell design strength - Part 2: Calculation method for steel valve shells
Industrial valves - Shell design strength - Part 2: Calculation method for steel valve shells
This part of EN 12516 specifies the method for the strength calculation of the shell with respect to internal pressure of the valve
Industriearmaturen - Gehäusefestigkeit - Teil 2: Berechnungsverfahren für drucktragende Gehäuse von Armaturen aus Stahl
Dieser Teil von EN 12516 legt das Verfahren zur Berechnung der Festigkeit des drucktragenden Gehäuses gegen den Innendruck der Armatur fest. Wahlweise kann die Festigkeit mithilfe einiger anderer anerkannter Verfahren verifiziert werden.
Robinetterie industrielle - Résistance mécanique des enveloppes - Partie 2 : Méthode de calcul relative aux en-veloppes d'appareils de robinetterie en acier
La présente partie de l'EN 12516 spécifie la méthode de calcul de la résistance de l'enveloppe par rapport à
la pression intérieure de l’appareil de robinetterie. La résistance peut également être vérifiée par certaines autres
procédures approuvées.
Industrijski ventili - Trdnost ohišja - 2. del: Metoda za izračun ohišij jeklenih ventilov
Ta del standarda EN 12516 določa metodo za izračun trdnosti ohišja glede na notranji tlak ventila.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.YHQWLORYIndustriearmaturen - Gehäusefestigkeit - Teil 2: Berechnungsverfahren für drucktragende Gehäuse von Armaturen aus StahlRobinetterie industrielle - Résistance mécanique des enveloppes - Partie 2 : Méthode de calcul relative aux en-veloppes d'appareils de robinetterie en acierIndustrial valves - Shell design strength - Part 2: Calculation method for steel valve shells23.060.01Ventili na splošnoValves in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12516-2:2014SIST EN 12516-2:2015en,fr,de01-januar-2015SIST EN 12516-2:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 12516-2:20041DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 12516-2:2015
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 12516-2
October 2014 ICS 23.060.01 Supersedes EN 12516-2:2004English Version
Industrial valves - Shell design strength - Part 2: Calculation method for steel valve shells
Robinetterie industrielle - Résistance mécanique des enveloppes - Partie 2 : Méthode de calcul relative aux enveloppes d'appareils de robinetterie en acier
Industriearmaturen - Gehäusefestigkeit - Teil 2: Berechnungsverfahren für drucktragende Gehäuse von Armaturen aus Stahl This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 August 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12516-2:2014 ESIST EN 12516-2:2015
EN 12516-2:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4 1 Scope .7 2 Normative references .7 3 Symbols and units .7 4 General conditions for strength calculation . 12 5 Design pressure . 13 6 Nominal design stresses for pressure parts other than bolts . 13 6.1 General . 13 6.2 Steels and cast steels other than defined in 6.3, 6.4 or 6.5 . 14 6.3 Austenitic steel and austenitic cast steel with a minimum rupture elongation not less than 30 % . 14 6.4 Austenitic steel and austenitic cast steel with a minimum rupture elongation not less than 35 % . 15 6.5 Ferritic and martensitic cast steel. 15 6.6 Creep conditions. 15 7 Calculation methods for the wall thickness of valve bodies . 15 7.1 General . 15 7.2 Wall thickness of bodies and branches outside crotch area . 16 7.2.1 General . 16 7.2.2 Cylindrical bodies or branches . 16 7.2.3 Spherical bodies or branches . 17 7.2.4 Conical bodies or branches . 17 7.2.5 Bodies or branches with oval or rectangular cross-sections . 19 7.3 Wall thickness in the crotch area . 26 7.4 Examples of pressure-loaded areas Ap and metallic cross-sectional areas Af . 27 7.4.1 General . 27 7.4.2 Cylindrical valve bodies . 28 7.4.3 Spherical valve bodies . 30 7.4.4 Oval and rectangular cross-sections . 31 7.4.5 Details . 32 8 Calculation methods for bonnets and covers . 35 8.1 General . 35 8.2 Covers made of flat plates . 35 8.2.1 General . 35 8.2.2 Circular cover without opening, with. 40 8.2.3 Circular covers with concentric circular opening, with . 41 8.2.4 Non-circular covers (elliptical or rectangular) . 42 8.2.5 Special covers made of flat circular plates for specific load and clamping conditions . 43 8.3 Covers consisting of a spherically domed end and an adjoining flanged ring . 55 8.3.1 General . 55 8.3.2 Wall thickness and strength calculation of the spherical segment . 56 8.3.3 Calculation of the flanged ring . 57 8.3.4 Reinforcement of the stuffing box area . 59 8.4 Dished heads . 59 8.4.1 General remarks. 59 8.4.2 Solid dished heads . 60 8.4.3 Dished heads with opening . 61 8.4.4 Allowances on the wall thickness . 63 SIST EN 12516-2:2015
EN 12516-2:2014 (E) 3 9 Calculation method for pressure sealed bonnets and covers . 64 10 Calculation methods for flanges . 66 10.1 General. 66 10.2 Circular flanges . 66 10.2.1 General. 66 10.2.2 Flanges with tapered neck . 67 10.2.3 Flanges greater than DN 1 000 . 69 10.2.4 Welding neck with tapered neck according to Figure 48 . 70 10.2.5 Weld-on flanges . 71 10.2.6 Reverse flanges . 74 10.2.7 Loose flanges . 74 10.3 Oval flanges . 76 10.3.1 Oval flanges in accordance with Figure 54 . 76 10.3.2 Oval flanges in accordance with Figure 55 . 78 10.4 Rectangular or square flanges . 80 10.4.1 Rectangular or square flanges in accordance with Figure 57 . 80 10.4.2 Rectangular slip-on flanges in accordance with Figure 58 . 80 10.5 Calculation of the bolt diameter . 81 10.5.1 Design temperature . 81 10.5.2 Diameter of the nominal tensile stress . 81 10.5.3 Load cases . 82 10.5.4 Safety factors and allowances . 82 11 Calculation methods for glands . 82 11.1 Loads . 82 11.2 Gland bolts . 83 11.3 Gland flanges . 83 11.4 Other components . 83 12 Fatigue . 83 13 Marking . 83 Annex A (informative)
Characteristic values of gaskets and joints . 84 Annex B (informative)
Calculation procedure . 96 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC . 98 Bibliography . 99
SIST EN 12516-2:2015
EN 12516-2:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 12516-2:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 69 “Industrial valves”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12516-2:2004. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC (Pressure Equipment Directive). For relationship with EU Directive 97/23/EC (Pressure Equipment Directive), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. In comparison with the previous version, the following significant changes have been made: a) the normative references were updated; b) all formulae and figures have been renumbered; in particular 10.6 “Design temperature” became 10.5 “Calculation of the bolt diameter”; c) some formulae were changed: 1) Formulae (3) to (6) for calculated wall thickness have been added; 2) Formulae (9) and (10) for calculation of ec in case of do / di > 1,7 have been added; 3) Formulae (17) and (20) for conical bodies or branches have been added; d) the figures were changed and/or updated: 1) a new Figure 1 “Composition of section thickness and tolerance allowances” has been added; 2) Figure 2 “Cone calculation coefficient” has been over-worked; 3) former Figures 6a and 6b are now combined in Figure 7 “Calculation coefficient Bn for rectangular cross-sections”; 4) Figures 23, 24, and 25 used to establish the calculation coefficients Cx, Cy and Cz were moved to 8.2.1; 5) the new Figure 46 “Types of flange connections” has been added; e) tables were updated: 1) Table 1 giving the symbols characteristics and units has been revised; 2) a column for test conditions in Table 2 “Nominal design stresses (allowable stresses)” has been added; SIST EN 12516-2:2015
EN 12516-2:2014 (E) 5 3) Table 5 “Flat circular plates and annular plates — Bending moments as a function of load cases and clamping conditions” has been revised; 4) Table 7 “Lever arms of the forces in the moment formulae” has been revised; f) Clause 6 “Nominal design stresses for pressure parts other than bolts” now contains references to PED 97/23/EC; g) Clause 7 “Calculation methods for the wall thickness of valve bodies” has been restructured; and 7.1 now contains information on calculation of the surface-comparison; h) Subclauses 8.2.2 and 8.2.3 now draw a distinction between “direct loading” and “not subjected to direct loading”; and 8.2.3 now contains a warning regarding the mean support diameter dmA; i) there is a new Subclause 8.3.3.5 regarding the diameter of centre of gravity; j) Clause 10 “Calculation methods for flanges” has been over-worked; k) the former informative Annex A “Allowable stresses” has been deleted; l) the Annex “Characteristic values of gaskets and joints” has been over-worked; m) Annex ZA has been updated. EN 12516, Industrial valves — Shell design strength, consists of four parts: — Part 1: Tabulation method for steel valve shells; — Part 2: Calculation method for steel valve shells (the present document); — Part 3: Experimental method; — Part 4: Calculation method for valve shells manufactured in metallic materials other than steel. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 12516-2:2015
EN 12516-2:2014 (E) 6 Introduction EN 12516, Industrial valves — Shell design strength, is composed of four parts. EN 12516-1 and EN 12516-2 specify methods for determining the thickness of steel valve shells by tabulation and calculation methods respectively. EN 12516-3 establishes an experimental method for assessing the strength of valve shells in steel, cast iron and copper alloy by applying an elevated hydrostatic pressure at ambient temperature. EN 12516-4 specifies methods for calculating the thickness for valve shells in metallic materials other than steel. The calculation method, EN 12516-2, is similar in approach to the former DIN 3840 where the designer is required to calculate the wall thickness for each point on the pressure temperature curve using the allowable stress at that temperature for the material he has chosen (see Bibliography, reference [1]). The allowable stress is calculated from the material properties using safety factors that are defined in EN 12516-2. The formulae in EN 12516-2 consider the valve as a pressure vessel and ensure that there will be no excessive deformation or plastic instability. The tabulation method, EN 12516-1, is similar in approach to ASME B16.34 (see Bibliography, reference [2]) in that the designer can look up the required minimum wall thickness dimension of the valve body from a table. The internal diameter of the inlet bore of the valve gives the reference dimension from which the tabulated wall thickness of the body is calculated. The tabulated thicknesses in EN 12516-1 are calculated using the thin cylinder formula that is also used in EN 12516-2. The allowable stress used in the formula is equal to 120,7 MPa and the operating pressure, pc, in MPa, varies for each PN and Class designation. EN 12516-1 gives these pc values for all the tabulated PN and Class designations. EN 12516-1 specifies PN, Standard Class and Special Class pressure temperature ratings for valve shells with bodies having the tabulated thickness. These tabulated pressure temperature ratings are applicable to a group of materials and are calculated using a selected stress, which is determined from the material properties representative of the group, using safety factors defined in EN 12516-1. Each tabulated pressure temperature rating is given a reference pressure designation to identify it. The tabulation method gives one thickness for the body for each PN (see EN 12516-1:2014, 3.1 PN (Body)) or Class designation depending only on the inside diameter, Di, of the body at the point where the thickness is to be determined. The calculated pressure is limited by the ceiling pressure which sets up an upper boundary for high strength materials and limits the deflection. A merit of the tabulation method, which has a fixed set of shell dimensions irrespective of the material of the shell, is that it is possible to have common patterns and forging dies. The allowable pressure temperature rating for each material group varies proportionally to the selected stresses of the material group to which the material belongs, using the simple rules above. A merit of the calculation method is that it allows the most efficient design for a specific application using the allowable stresses for the actual material selected for the application. The two methods are based on different assumptions, and as a consequence the detail of the analysis is different (see Bibliography, reference [3]). Both methods offer a safe and proven method of designing pressure-bearing components for valve shells. SIST EN 12516-2:2015
EN 12516-2:2014 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the method for the strength calculation of the shell with respect to internal pressure of the valve. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 19:2002, Industrial valves — Marking of metallic valves EN 1092-1:2007+A1:2013, Flanges and their joints — Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PN designated — Part 1: Steel flanges EN 1591-1:2013, Flanges and their joints — Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections — Part 1: Calculation EN 10269:2013, Steels and nickel alloys for fasteners with specified elevated and/or low temperature properties EN 12266-1:2012, Industrial valves — Testing of metallic valves — Part 1: Pressure tests, test procedures and acceptance criteria - Mandatory requirements EN 12266-2:2012, Industrial valves — Testing of metallic valves — Part 2: Tests, test procedures and acceptance criteria - Supplementary requirements EN 13445-3:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design EN ISO 3506-1:2009, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs (ISO 3506-1) 3 Symbols and units The following symbols are used: Table 1 — Symbols characteristics and units Symbol Unit Characteristic aH mm lever arm for horizontal force aS mm lever arm for bolt force aV mm lever arm for vertical force B — calculation coefficient to determine the thickness of the flange B01…03 — calculation coefficient for oval and rectangular cross-sections B1…3 — calculation coefficient for oval and rectangular cross-sections B5 — correction factor for oval flanges BFI, BFII — calculation coefficient for flat circular plates Bh — calculation coefficient to determine the thickness of the flange BMI, BMII — calculation coefficient for flat circular plates BPI, BPII — calculation coefficient for flat circular plates SIST EN 12516-2:2015
EN 12516-2:2014 (E) 8 b mm double flange width b1 mm minor width in oval and rectangular cross section b2 mm major width in oval and rectangular cross section bD1, bD2 mm width of the seal b’1 mm width in oval and rectangular cross section bD mm width of the seal bs mm effective width for reinforcement Cx,Cy,Cz — calculation coefficient for covers made of flat plates C –– calculation coefficient for lens-shaped gaskets c mm design allowance for bolts c1 mm fabrication tolerance c2 mm standardized corrosion and erosion allowance do mm outside diameter d0, d'0 mm diameter in base body d01, d02 mm diameter for self-sealing closure d1 mm diameter in branch d2 mm diameter in further branch d4 mm outside diameter of collar flange dA mm outside diameter of the plate/cover da mm outside flange diameter di mm inside diameter df mm diameter of the biggest inscribed circle dk mm diameter in knuckle dK mm diameter in corner welds dL mm hole diameter d'L mm reduced bolt hole diameter dm mm mean diameter of the plate/cover dmA mm mean diameter of the face (see Figure 28) d'm mm mean diameter dD mm mean diameter of the seal ds mm required bolt diameter dt mm bold circle diameter / reference circle diameter dp mm diameter of centre of gravity dast mm stuffing box outside diameter dist mm stuffing box inside diameter dS0 mm calculated bolt diameter without design allowance dV mm diameter of the vertical force at the cone E MPa modulus of elasticity SIST EN 12516-2:2015
EN 12516-2:2014 (E) 9 ED MPa modulus of elasticity for material of the seal en mm wall thickness ean mm wall thickness (final / actual) eacn mm actual wall thickness less c1 and c2 eacF mm thickness of flange neck ecn mm calculated theoretical minimum wall thickness, without c1 and c2 FDV N minimum bolt force for the assembly condition FF N flange force FH N horizontal component force FS N bolt force for operating conditions FSB N minimum bolt force FS0 N bolt force for assembly conditions FT N tensile force FV N vertical force at the cone FZ N additional force f MPa nominal design stress fd MPa maximum value of the nominal design stress for normal operating load cases fd/t MPa nominal design stress for design conditions at temperature t °C g1, g2 mm welding throat depth h mm plate thickness h0 mm minimum height for the seating shoulder h1 mm minimum height of the inserted ring hD mm minimum depth of the sealing ledge hr mm plate thickness hA mm height of flange hub hc mm plate thickness hF mm thickness of flange hN mm reduced plate thickness kc — welding factor l mm length l0…3 mm effective length for cylindrical bodies l' mm length which is influenced by the entry nozzle l’0 mm length for calculating body shapes in cross section II @l3 mm length for calculating body shapes in cross section II M Nm external moment Mi Nm summary of moments MP, MF, MM Ma Nm external moment Ma0 Nm moment for assembly condition SIST EN 12516-2:2015
EN 12516-2:2014 (E) 10 MaB Nm moment for operation condition MF Nm single force (point force) Mi Nm moment Mmax Nm maximum bending moment MM Nm rim moment MP Nm resulting moment from internal pressure Mr Nm bending moment in radial direction Mt Nm bending moment in tangential direction m –– gasket coefficient n –– number of bolts n1 –– load carrying factor p MPa pressure pc MPa calculation pressure pd MPa design pressure pF MPa contact pressure Ps
centre of gravity PS MPa maximum allowable pressure R mm radius for calculating load cases ReH MPa upper yield strength ReH/t MPa upper yield strength at temperature t °C Ri mm inner Radius of spherical cap Rm MPa tensile strength Rm/t MPa tensile strength at temperature t °C Rm/T/t MPa creep rupture strength for T hours at temperature t °C Rp0,2 MPa 0,2 % - proof strength Rp0,2/t MPa 0,2 % - proof strength at temperature t °C Rp0,2/t Test MPa 0,2 % - proof strength at test temperature t °C Rp1,0/t Test MPa 1,0 % - proof strength at test temperature t °C Rp1,0 MPa 1,0 % - proof strength Rp1,0/t MPa 1,0 % - proof strength at temperature t °C Rp1,0/T/t MPa 1,0 % - creep proof strength for T hours at temperature t °C r mm radius r0 mm radius for calculating load cases r1 mm radius for calculating load cases ro mm outside radius ri mm inside radius rD mm radius to the middle of the support plate for the seal rF mm radius to F1 SIST EN 12516-2:2015
EN 12516-2:2014 (E) 11 SD — safety factor for gasket value SF — safety factor s mm distance of the centre of gravity of the half circular ring from the centreline sN mm thickness of weld SS mm centre of gravity S1, S2 — centre of gravity s1, s2 mm distance of the centre of gravity or distance s3 mm distance T h time t °C temperature td °C design temperature UD mm mean circumference V — correction factor of bolt hole diameter W, WI, WII, WIII mm3 flange resistance WavI, WavII mm3 flange resistance in cross-section Wreq1 mm3 flange resistance in operating condition Wreq2 mm3 flange resistance in assembly condition X mm distance variable Y mm distance variable Z
coefficient Z1 mm3 coefficient . ° angle of lenticular gasket . — form factor
— calculation factor = . / /
–– machining quality factor
— Poisson's ratio / — ratio of bolt forces against pressure forces /1 — proof stress ratio 3 ° angle for corner welds 3k ° angle in knuckle area - ° angle of body branch -A ° angle for valv
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