SIST-TS CEN/TS 17693-1:2022
(Main)Earthworks - Soil treatment tests - Part 1: pH-test for determination of the lime requirement of soils for stabilization (Lime Fixation Point LFP, Lime Modification Optimum LMO)
Earthworks - Soil treatment tests - Part 1: pH-test for determination of the lime requirement of soils for stabilization (Lime Fixation Point LFP, Lime Modification Optimum LMO)
This document describes the reference method for the determination of the the Lime Fixation Point (LFP) in soil treatment for earthworks.
The test consists in measuring the lowest quantity of lime to be added in a soil suspension in water, that will result in a pH value of the soil-lime mix suspension of 12,4, measured at 25 +/- 1°C.
Erdarbeiten - Prüfungen zur Bodenbehandlung - Teil 1: pH Test zur Bestimmung des Kalkbedarfs von Böden zur Stabilisierung (Bestimmung des minimalen Kalkgehalts LFP und des optimalen Kalkgehalts LMO)
Dieses Dokument beschreibt das Referenzverfahren zur Bestimmung des minimalen Kalkhydratgehalts (en: lime fixation point (LFP)) bei der Bodenbehandlung für Erdarbeiten.
Die Prüfung besteht aus der Messung der geringsten Kalkmenge, die in eine Bodensuspension in Wasser hinzugegeben werden muss, damit eine Boden-Kalkgemischlösung mit einem pH Wert von 12,4, gemessen bei 25 °C ± 1 °C, entsteht.
Dieses Prüfverfahren kann nicht dazu verwendet werden, um Informationen über die Bodenreaktivität mit Kalk oder anderen Leistungswerten (mechanische Merkmale von Boden-Kalk-Gemischen) für Verbesserungs- oder Stabilisierungszwecke zu gewinnen. Diese Leistungsprüfungen werden in einem Laboratorium mit einer spezifischen Studie durchgeführt, woraus die anzuwendende Kalkdosierung durch dieses Verfahren angegeben wird.
Terrassements - Essais de traitement de sol - Partie 1 : Essai pH pour la détermination du besoin en chaux pour la stabilisation des sols (Point de fixation de la chaux LFP, Optimum de modification de la chaux LMO)
Ce document décrit la méthode de référence pour la détermination du point de fixation de la chaux (LFP) dans le traitement des sols pour les travaux de terrassement.
L'essai consiste à mesurer la plus petite quantité de chaux à ajouter dans une suspension de sol dans l'eau qui permettra d'obtenir une valeur de pH de la suspension du mélange sol-chaux de 12,4, mesuré à 25 °C ± 1 °C.
Cette méthode d'essai ne peut être utilisée pour fournir des informations sur la réactivité du sol avec la chaux, ou d'autres valeurs de performance (caractéristiques mécaniques des mélanges sol-chaux) applicables à des fins d'amélioration ou de stabilisation. Ces essais de performance seront réalisés en laboratoire à partir d'une étude spécifique, le dosage de la chaux à appliquer étant indiqué à partir de cette méthode.
Zemeljska dela - Preskusi obdelave zemljin - 1. del: pH test za določanje vsebnosti apna v zemljini pri stabilizaciji (točka vezave apna LFP, optimum apnene stabilizacije LMO)
Ta dokument opisuje referenčno metodo za določanje točke vezave apna (LFP) pri obdelavi zemljin za zemeljska dela.
Preskus vključuje merjenje najmanjše količine apna, ki jo je treba dodati v suspenziji zemljine v vodi, da dobimo vrednost pH suspenzije mešanice zemljine in apna, ki znaša 12,4, merjeno pri 25 +/– 1 °C.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 17693-1:2022
01-april-2022
Zemeljska dela - Preskusi obdelave zemljin - 1. del: pH test za določanje vsebnosti
apna v zemljini pri stabilizaciji (točka vezave apna LFP, optimum apnene
stabilizacije LMO)
Earthworks - Soil treatment tests - Part 1: pH-test for determination of the lime
requirement of soils for stabilization (Lime Fixation Point LFP, Lime Modification
Optimum LMO)
Erdarbeiten - Prüfungen zur Bodenbehandlung - Teil 1: pH Test zur Bestimmung des
Kalkbedarfs von Böden zur Stabilisierung (Bestimmung des minimalen Kalkgehalts LFP
und des optimalen Kalkgehalts LMO)
Terrassements - Essais de traitement de sol - Partie 1 : Essai pH pour la détermination
du besoin en chaux pour la stabilisation des sols (Point de fixation de la chaux LFP,
Optimum de modification de la chaux LMO)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 17693-1:2021
ICS:
13.080.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi s Other standards related to
kakovostjo tal soil quality
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
SIST-TS CEN/TS 17693-1:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 17693-1:2022
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 17693-1:2022
CEN/TS 17693-1
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
December 2021
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
ICS 13.080.99; 93.020
English Version
Earthworks - Soil treatment tests - Part 1: pH-test for
determination of the lime requirement of soils for
stabilization (Lime Fixation Point LFP, Lime Modification
Optimum LMO)
Terrassements - Essais de traitement de sol - Partie 1 : Erdarbeiten - Prüfungen zur Bodenbehandlung - Teil 1:
Essai pH pour la détermination du besoin en chaux pH Test zur Bestimmung des Kalkhydratbedarfs von
pour la stabilisation des sols (Point de fixation de la Böden zur Stabilisierung (Bestimmung des minimalen
chaux LFP, Optimum de modification de la chaux LMO) Kalkhydratgehalts (LFP) und des optimalen
Kalkhydratgehalts (LMO))
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 8 November 2021 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 17693-1:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 17693-1:2022
CEN/TS 17693-1:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviations and symbols . 5
3.1 Terms . 5
3.2 Abbreviations and symbols . 6
4 Principle of the test . 7
5 Reagents . 7
5.1 Lime . 7
5.2 Water . 7
6 Apparatus . 8
7 Preparation of the test portions . 8
7.1 If D is greater than 50 mm . 8
max
7.2 If D is ranging between 5 mm and 50 mm . 8
max
7.3 If D is smaller than or equal at 5 mm . 9
max
8 Test procedure . 9
8.1 Water calibration of the pH-meter . 9
8.2 Main test procedure . 10
8.3 Alternative test procedure . 10
9 Expression of results and determination of the LFP (LMO) of the soil . 11
9.1 General. 11
9.2 pH vs added lime graph . 11
9.3 Conversion of quicklime to hydrated lime concentration . 11
9.4 Abnormal or out of range pH results . 12
10 Test report . 12
Annex A (informative) Example of a test data sheet . 13
Bibliography . 16
2
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 17693-1:2022
CEN/TS 17693-1:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (CEN/TS 17693-1:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 396
“Earthworks”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
3
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 17693-1:2022
CEN/TS 17693-1:2021 (E)
Introduction
This document describes the reference method for the determination of the lime fixation point (LFP) of
soils, also called lime modification optimum (LMO).
LFP (LMO) is the theoretical lime content from which can occur the setting and hardening of soil-lime
mix, resulting from the pozzolanic reactions due to the combination of lime with clay components of the
soil.
It can be considered as the optimal lime amount to be added in a soil in order to perform its improvement,
and the minimal lime amount from which stabilization can occur (terms “improvement” and
“stabilization” as defined in EN 16907-4).
4
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 17693-1:2022
CEN/TS 17693-1:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document describes the reference method for the determination of the lime fixation point (LFP) in
soil treatment for earthworks.
The test consists in measuring the lowest quantity of lime to be added in a soil suspension in water that
will result in a pH value of the soil-lime mix suspension of 12,4, measured at 25 °C ± 1 °C.
This test method cannot be used to provide information about soil reactivity with lime, or other
performance values (mechanical characteristics of soil-lime mixes) applicable for improvement or
stabilization purposes. Those performance tests will be conducted in a laboratory from a specific study,
the lime dosage to be applied being indicated from this method.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 459-1, Building lime - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria
ISO 3310-1, Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth
ISO 3310-2, Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviations and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Terms
3.1.1
subsample
sample obtained by means of a sample reduction procedure
3.1.2
test portion
sample used as a whole in a single test
3.1.3
lime
general term which includes quicklime, hydrated lime, lime slurry (“milk of lime”), defined and specified
according to EN 459-1
3.1.4
lime content
amount of added lime in the soil, expressed as the percentage of lime mass to the dry mass of the soil, or
expressed as the percentage to the sum of dry mass of the soil and added lime mass
5
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 17693-1:2022
CEN/TS 17693-1:2021 (E)
3.1.5
soil improvement with lime
operation which modifies the physical properties of a material - such as water content, plasticity, water
and frost susceptibility, compactibility and swelling potential - by the addition of lime (quicklime,
hydrated lime or lime slurry)
Note 1 to entry: The quantity of lime added may not be sufficient to induce significant permanent properties.
3.1.6
soil stabilization with lime
operation consisting in obtaining an homogeneous mixture of soil with lime, and optionally with water,
which properly compacted significantly changes (generally in the medium or long term) the
characteristics of the soil in a way that renders it stable, particularly with respect to the action of water
and frost
3.1.7
lime fixation point
lime modification optimum
theoretical lime content from which can occur the setting and hardening of soil-lime mix, resulting from
the pozzolanic reactions due to the combination of lime with clay components of the soil
Note 1 to entry: It can be considered as the optimal lime amount to be added in a soil in order to perform its
improvement, and the minimal lime amount from which stabilization can occur. In the rest of this document, the
symbol cLFP will be used to express this lime concentration.
3.1.8
pH
figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale on which 7 is neutral, lower
values are acid and higher values are alkaline
Note 1 to entry: The pH is equal to −log where is the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per litre
10cH+, cH+
(mol/L).
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms
Abbreviations for terms and tests
LFP lime fixation point
LMO lime modification optimum
Symbols for quantities
C Weight ratio between 0/5 mm fraction and 0/50 mm fraction dimensionless (%)
c LFP : percentage of lime by dry mass of soil dimensionless (%)
LFP
cLFP,soil+lime LFP : percentage of lime by dry mass of soil and amount of added lime dimensionless (%)
c Lime slurry (milk of lime) concentration dimensionless (%)
ML
c Lime slurry (milk of lime) concentration (% solid) dimensionless (%)
MLS
c Quicklime content dimensionless (%)
Q
6
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 17693-1:2022
CEN/TS 17693-1:2021 (E)
c Hydrated lime (slaked lime) content dimensionless (%)
S
D Maximum diameter of particles in a soil mass mm
max
m Wet mass of the subsample for the determinati
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021
01-september-2021
Zemeljska dela - Preskusi obdelave tal - 1. del: Določevanje apna za stabilizacijo
zemljin s pH-testom (točka vezave apna LFP, optimalna vrednost modifikacije apna
LMO)
Earthworks - Soil treatment tests - Part 1: pH-test for determination of the lime
requirement of soils for stabilization (Lime Fixation Point LFP, Lime Modification
Optimum LMO)
Erdarbeiten - Prüfungen zur Bodenbehandlung - Teil 1: pH Test zur Bestimmung des
Kalkhydratbedarfs von Böden zur Stabilisierung (Bestimmung des minimalen
Kalkhydratgehalts (LFP) und des optimalen Kalkhydratgehalts (LMO))
Terrassements - Essais de traitement de sol - Partie 1 : Essai pH pour la détermination
du besoin en chaux pour la stabilisation des sols (Point de fixation de la chaux LFP,
Optimum de modification de la chaux LMO)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TS 17693-1
ICS:
13.080.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi s Other standards related to
kakovostjo tal soil quality
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021
FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
FprCEN/TS 17693-1
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
July 2021
ICS 13.080.99; 93.020
English Version
Earthworks - Soil treatment tests - Part 1: pH-test for
determination of the lime requirement of soils for
stabilization (Lime Fixation Point LFP, Lime Modification
Optimum LMO)
Terrassements - Essais de traitement de sol - Partie 1 : Erdarbeiten - Prüfungen zur Bodenbehandlung - Teil 1:
Essai pH pour la détermination du besoin en chaux pH Test zur Bestimmung des Kalkhydratbedarfs von
pour la stabilisation des sols (Point de fixation de la Böden zur Stabilisierung (Bestimmung des minimalen
chaux LFP, Optimum de modification de la chaux LMO) Kalkhydratgehalts (LFP) und des optimalen
Kalkhydratgehalts (LMO))
This draft Technical Specification is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 396.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a Technical Specification. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change
without notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Specification.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021
FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviations and symbols . 5
3.1 Terms . 5
3.2 Abbreviations and symbols . 6
4 Principle of the test . 7
5 Reagents . 7
5.1 Lime . 7
5.2 Water . 7
6 Apparatus . 7
7 Preparation of the test portions . 8
7.1 If D is greater than 50 mm . 8
max
7.2 If D is ranging between 5 mm and 50 mm . 8
max
7.3 If D is smaller than or equal at 5 mm . 8
max
8 Test procedure . 9
8.1 Water calibration of the pH-meter . 9
8.2 Main test procedure . 9
8.3 Alternative test procedure . 10
9 Expression of results and determination of the LFP (LMO) of the soil . 10
9.1 General. 10
9.2 pH vs added lime graph . 10
9.3 Conversion of quicklime to hydrated lime concentration . 11
9.4 Abnormal or out of range pH results . 11
10 Test report . 11
Annex A (informative) Example of a test data sheet . 13
Bibliography . 16
2
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021
FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 396
“Earthworks”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the Vote on TS.
3
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021
FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021 (E)
Introduction
This document describes the reference method for the determination of the lime fixation point (LFP) of
soils, also called lime modification optimum (LMO).
LFP (LMO) is the theoretical lime content from which can occur the setting and hardening of soil-lime
mix, resulting from the pozzolanic reactions due to the combination of lime with clay components of the
soil.
It can be considered as the optimal lime amount to be added in a soil in order to perform its improvement,
and the minimal lime amount from which stabilization can occur (terms “improvement” and
“stabilization” as defined in EN 16907-4).
4
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021
FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document describes the reference method for the determination of the lime fixation point (LFP) in
soil treatment for earthworks.
The test consists in measuring the lowest quantity of lime to be added in a soil suspension in water that
will result in a pH value of the soil-lime mix suspension of 12,4, measured at 25 °C ± 1 °C.
This test method cannot be used to provide information about soil reactivity with lime, or other
performance values (mechanical characteristics of soil-lime mixes) applicable for improvement or
stabilization purposes. Those performance tests will be conducted in a laboratory from a specific study,
the lime dosage to be applied being indicated from this method.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 459-1, Building lime - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria
ISO 3310-1, Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth
ISO 3310-2, Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviations and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Terms
3.1.1
subsample
sample obtained by means of a sample reduction procedure
3.1.2
test portion
sample used as a whole in a single test
3.1.3
lime
general term which includes quicklime, hydrated lime, lime slurry (“milk of lime”), defined and specified
according EN 459-1
3.1.4
lime content
amount of added lime in the soil, expressed as the percentage of lime mass to the dry mass of the soil, or
expressed as the percentage to the sum of dry mass of the soil and added lime mass
5
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021
FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021 (E)
3.1.5
soil improvement with lime
operation which modifies the physical properties of a material - such as water content, plasticity, water
and frost susceptibility, compactibility and swelling potential - by the addition of lime (quicklime,
hydrated lime or lime slurry)
Note 1 to entry: The quantity of lime added may not be sufficient to induce significant permanent properties
3.1.6
soil stabilization with lime
operation consisting in obtaining an homogeneous mixture of soil with lime, and optionally with water,
which properly compacted significantly changes (generally in the medium or long term) the
characteristics of the soil in a way that renders it stable, particularly with respect to the action of water
and frost
3.1.7
lime fixation point
lime modification optimum
the theoretical lime content from which can occur the setting and hardening of soil-lime mix, resulting
from the pozzolanic reactions due to the combination of lime with clay components of the soil
Note 1 to entry: It can be considered as the optimal lime amount to be added in a soil in order to perform its
improvement, and the minimal lime amount from which stabilization can occur. In the rest of this document, the
symbol cLFP will be used to express this lime concentration.
3.1.8
pH
figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale on which 7 is neutral, lower
values are acid and higher values are alkaline.
Note 1 to entry: The pH is equal to −log where is the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per litre
10cH+, cH+
(mol/L).
3.2 Abbreviations and symbols
Abbreviations for terms and tests
LFP lime fixation point
LMO lime modification optimum
Symbols for quantities
C Weight ratio between 0/5 mm fraction and 0/50 mm fraction dimensionless (%)
c LFP : percentage of lime by dry mass of soil dimensionless (%)
LFP
cLFP,soil+lime LFP : percentage of lime by dry mass of soil and amount of added lime dimensionless (%)
c Lime slurry (milk of lime) concentration dimensionless (%)
ML
c Lime slurry (milk of lime) concentration (% solid) dimensionless (%)
MLS
c Quicklime content dimensionless (%)
Q
6
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kSIST-TS FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021
FprCEN/TS 17693-1:2021 (E)
c Hydrated lime (slaked lime) content dimensionless (%)
S
D Maximum diameter of particles in a soil mass mm
max
m Wet mass of the subsample for the determination of the water content g
m’ Dry mass of the subsample for the determination of the water content g
m Initial wet mass of the subsamples for LFP test g
0
m Calculated dry mass of the subsamples for LFP test g
1
m Lime weight to be added g
2
w Water content of the subsample dimensionless (%)
4 Principle of the test
Increments of lime (quicklime, hydrated lime or lime slurry of known purities or concentrations) are
added successively in a test beaker containing a suspension
...
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