SIST EN 14500:2008
(Main)Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test and calculation methods
Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test and calculation methods
This European Standard defines test and calculation methods for the determination of the reflection and transmission characteristics to be used to determine the thermal and visual comfort performance classes of external blinds, internal blinds and shutters, as specified in EN 14501.
This European Standard also specifies the method to determine opacity characteristics of dim-out/black-out external blinds, internal blinds and shutters, as specified in EN 14501.
This European Standard applies to the whole range of shutters, awnings and blinds defined in EN 12216, described as solar protection devices in this European Standard. Some of the characteristics (e.g. gtot) are not applicable when products are not parallel to the glazing (e. g. folding-arm awnings).
NOTE Informative Annex D presents an approach for the determination of characteristics in case of projectable products.
Products using fluorescent or retroreflecting materials are outside the scope of this European Standard.
Abschlüsse - Thermischer und visueller Komfort - Prüf- und Berechnungsverfahren
Diese Europäische Norm definiert Prüf und Berechnungsverfahren zur Bestimmung der Reflexions und Transmissionskenngrößen, die anzuwenden sind, um die Leistungsklassen von innen und außen liegenden Abschlüssen hinsichtlich des thermischen und visuellen Komforts nach den Festlegungen in EN 14501 zu bestimmen.
Diese Europäische Norm legt auch das Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Lichtundurchlässigkeitskenngrößen von innen und außen liegenden Abdunkelungs /Verdunkelungsanlagen nach den Festlegungen in EN 14501 fest.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für das gesamte Sortiment von Abschlüssen, Markisen und Jalousien, die in EN 12216 definiert sind und in dieser Europäischen Norm als Sonnenschutzeinrichtungen beschrieben werden. Einige der Kenngrößen (z. B. gtot) sind nicht anwendbar, wenn die Produkte nicht parallel zur Verglasung angebracht sind (z. B. Gelenkarm Markisen).
ANMERKUNG Der informative Anhang D stellt eine Herangehensweise für die Bestimmung der Kenngrößen im Falle ausstellbarer Produkte dar.
Produkte, die fluoreszierende oder retroreflektierende Materialien verwenden, sind nicht Gegenstand dieser Europäischen Norm.
Fermetures et stores - Confort thermique et lumineux - Méthodes d'essai et de calcul
Cette norme européenne définit les méthodes d’essai et de calcul permettant la détermination des
caractéristiques de réflexion et de transmission à utiliser pour déterminer les classes de performance de
confort thermique et lumineux des stores extérieurs, des stores intérieurs et des fermetures pour baies
équipées de fenêtres, telles que spécifiées dans l’EN 14501.
Cette norme européenne spécifie également la méthode permettant de déterminer les performances d’opacité
des stores extérieurs, des stores intérieurs et des fermetures pour baies équipées de fenêtres
opaques/d’obscurcissement, telles que spécifiées dans l’EN 14501.
Cette norme européenne s'applique à l'ensemble des fermetures, stores extérieurs et stores intérieurs définis
dans l’EN 12216, décrits comme dispositifs de protection solaire dans le présent document. Certaines
caractéristiques (par exemple gtot) ne sont pas applicables lorsque les produits ne sont pas parallèles au
vitrage (par exemple, les stores bannes).
NOTE L’Annexe D informative présente une approche pour la détermination des caractéristiques dans le cas de
produits projetables.
Les produits qui utilisent des matériaux fluorescents ou rétroréfléchissants ne relèvent pas du domaine
d'application de cette norme européenne.
Rolete in polokna - Toplotno in vizualno ugodje - Preskus in računske metode
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 14500:2008
01-september-2008
Rolete in polokna - Toplotno in vizualno ugodje - Preskus in računske metode
Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test and calculation methods
Abschlüsse - Thermischer und visueller Komfort - Prüf- und Berechnungsverfahren
Fermetures et stores - Confort thermique et lumineux - Méthodes d'essai et de calcul
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14500:2008
ICS:
91.060.50 Vrata in okna Doors and windows
SIST EN 14500:2008 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 14500:2008
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SIST EN 14500:2008
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 14500
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2008
ICS 91.060.50
English Version
Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test and
calculation methods
Fermetures et stores - Confort thermique et lumineux - Abschlüsse - Thermischer und visueller Komfort - Prüf- und
Méthodes d'essai et de calcul Berechnungsverfahren
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 April 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14500:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 14500:2008
EN 14500:2008 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword.4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Notations used.10
4.1 General .10
4.2 Visual or solar properties .10
4.3 Geometry of the radiation .10
4.4 Optical factors.11
5 Test and calculation methods to be used according to product - Guidelines .12
5.1 General .12
5.2 Venetian blinds .12
5.3 Roller blinds .13
5.4 Pleated blinds .13
5.5 Projecting awnings.14
5.6 Vertical blinds.14
5.7 Shutters.14
6 Measurement set-up.14
6.1 Measurement principles.14
6.1.1 Spectral and integral characteristics.14
6.1.2 Absolute and relative methods (according to CIE 130) .15
6.2 Measuring equipment .15
6.2.1 General .15
6.2.2 Equipment for irradiation.15
6.2.3 Equipment for detection.17
6.2.4 Reference samples.20
6.3 Test samples.20
6.3.1 General .20
6.3.2 Thick translucent samples .20
7 Measurement procedure .21
7.1 General .21
7.2 Test method A – Single beam instrument (substitution method).21
7.2.1 General .21
7.2.2 Test apparatus for the substitution method .21
7.2.3 Direct-hemispherical transmittance mode .22
7.2.4 Direct-hemispherical reflectance mode .25
7.2.5 Diffuse-hemispherical transmittance mode .28
7.3 Test method B – Double beam spectrophotometer (comparison method).28
7.3.1 General .28
7.3.2 Spectral direct-hemispherical transmittance mode .29
7.3.3 Spectral direct-diffuse transmittance mode .30
7.3.4 Direct-hemispherical reflectance mode .31
7.4 Determination of τ and ρ .35
n-h n-h
7.5 Determination of τ .35
n-n
7.5.1 General .35
7.5.2 Measurement of τ .35
n-n
7.5.3 Determination of τ from the measurement of τ .36
n-n n-dif
2
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SIST EN 14500:2008
EN 14500:2008 (E)
7.6 Determination of τ .36
dif-h
7.6.1 General.36
7.6.2 Measurement.36
7.6.3 Calculation.36
7.7 Determination of opacity characteristics for dim-out and black out fabrics or products.37
7.7.1 General.37
7.7.2 Samples.38
7.7.3 Test equipment.38
7.7.4 Test procedure .39
7.7.5 Lighting using natural light.40
8 Additional calculation methods for transmittance and reflectance of products.40
8.1 General.40
8.2 Venetian blinds .40
8.2.1 General.40
8.2.2 Ordinary venetian blind with incomplete closure, normal incidence .41
8.2.3 Ordinary venetian blind with slats tilted at 45°, 45° solar altitude, 0° azimuth .41
8.2.4 Ordinary venetian blind with slats in “Cut-Off” position, 30° solar altitude, 0° azimuth.41
8.2.5 Ordinary venetian blind with slats in horizontal position, 60° solar altitude, 0° azimuth .42
8.3 Vertical blinds .42
8.4 Shutters .42
9 Test report.43
Annex A (informative) Examples of test equipment for opacity characteristics determination.44
A.1 General.44
A.2 Example 1.44
A.3 Example 2.45
Annex B (informative) Determination of openness coefficient .47
B.1 Method for fabrics made from opaque material .47
B.2 Method for venetian blinds .47
Annex C (informative) Determination of infrared properties .48
C.1 General.48
C.2 Determination .48
C.2.1 IR properties of transparent materials.48
C.2.2 IR properties in the case of holes in an opaque layer.49
C.2.3 IR properties of venetian blinds.49
Annex D (informative) Approach in case of projecting solar protection devices .51
D.1 General.51
D.2 Detailed model.51
D.2.1 Reduction factor of direct radiation .52
D.2.2 Reduction factor for diffuse and reflected radiation .52
D.3 Simplified approach for summer.52
D.4 Examples of calculation.53
D.4.1 General.53
D.4.2 Mean values of x for summer.54
D.4.3 Calculations.54
3
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SIST EN 14500:2008
EN 14500:2008 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 14500:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 33 “Doors, windows,
shutters, building hardware and curtain walling”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by November 2008.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
4
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SIST EN 14500:2008
EN 14500:2008 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard is part of a series of standards dealing with blinds and shutters for buildings as
defined in EN 12216.
This European Standard is mainly based on the European work performed in CEN/TC 89 "Thermal
performance of buildings and building components" relating to solar and light transmittance of solar protection
devices combined with glazing, and the document CIE 130.
5
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SIST EN 14500:2008
EN 14500:2008 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard defines test and calculation methods for the determination of the reflection and
transmission characteristics to be used to determine the thermal and visual comfort performance classes of
external blinds, internal blinds and shutters, as specified in EN 14501.
This European Standard also specifies the method to determine opacity characteristics of dim-out/black-out
external blinds, internal blinds and shutters, as specified in EN 14501.
This European Standard applies to the whole range of shutters, awnings and blinds defined in EN 12216,
described as solar protection devices in this European Standard. Some of the characteristics (e.g. g ) are not
tot
applicable when products are not parallel to the glazing (e.g. folding-arm awnings).
NOTE Informative Annex D presents an approach for the determination of characteristics in case of projectable
products.
Products using fluorescent or retroreflecting materials are outside the scope of this European Standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
CIE 130:1998, Practical methods for the measurement of reflectance and transmittance
EN 410, Glass in building – Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing
EN 12216:2002, Shutters, external blinds, internal blinds – Terminology, glossary and definitions
EN 13363-1, Solar protection devices combined with glazing – Calculation of solar and light transmittance –
Part 1: Simplified method
EN 13363-2:2005, Solar protection devices combined with glazing – Calculation of total solar energy
transmittance and light transmittance – Part 2: Detailed calculation method
EN 14501:2005, Blinds and Shutters – Thermal and visual comfort – Performance characteristics and
classification
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12216:2002, EN 14501:2005 and
the following apply.
3.1 Processes
3.1.1
reflection
process by which radiation is returned by a surface or medium, without change of frequency of its
monochromatic components
6
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SIST EN 14500:2008
EN 14500:2008 (E)
The following sub-processes are defined herewith:
Specular (or directional or regular) reflection: reflection in accordance with the laws of geometrical
optics, without diffusion
Diffuse reflection: reflection due to light scattering, in which, on the macroscopic scale, there is no
specular reflection
Direct-hemispherical (or mixed) reflection: partly specular and partly diffuse reflection. Direct-
hemispherical reflection is the sum of the diffuse and specular reflection
Isotropic diffuse reflection: diffuse reflection in which the spatial distribution of the reflected radiation
is such that the radiance or luminance is the same in all directions in the hemisphere into which the
radiation is reflected
3.1.2
transmission
passage of radiation through a medium without change of frequency of its monochromatic components
The following sub-processes are defined herewith:
Directional (or direct-direct) transmission: transmission in accordance with the laws of geometrical
optics, without diffusion or redirection
Diffuse transmission: transmission due to light scattering, in which, on the macroscopic scale, there
is no direct transmission
Direct-hemispherical (or mixed or total) transmission: partly directional and partly diffuse transmission.
The direct-hemispherical transmission is the sum of the diffuse and direct transmission
Isotropic diffuse transmission: diffuse transmission in which the spatial distribution of the transmitted
radiation is such that the radiance or luminance is the same in all directions in the hemisphere into
which the radiation is transmitted
3.1.3
absorption
process by which radiant energy is converted to a different form of energy (e.g. heat) by interaction with
matter
7
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SIST EN 14500:2008
EN 14500:2008 (E)
3.2 Characteristics
3.2.1
reflectance
ρρρρ
ratio of the reflected flux to the incident flux
The following sub-characteristics are defined:
Directional-directional (or direct-direct) reflectance: ratio of the specularly reflected flux to the
directional incident flux
Directional-diffuse reflectance: ratio of the diffusely reflected flux to the directional incident flux
Directional-hemispherical (or total) reflectance: ratio of the total reflected flux to the directional
incident flux
Diffuse-hemispherical reflectance: ratio of the total reflected flux to the ideally diffuse incident flux.
Ideally diffuse irradiation means that the radiance or the luminance is equal for the whole hemisphere
of the incident irradiation
3.2.2
transmittance
ττττ
ratio of the transmitted flux to the incident flux
The following sub-characteristics are defined:
Directional-directional transmittance: ratio of the directly transmitted flux to the directional incident
flux
Directional-diffuse transmittance: ratio of the diffusely transmitted flux to the directional incident flux
Directional-hemispherical transmittance: ratio of the total transmitted flux to the directional incident
flux
Diffuse-hemispherical transmittance: ratio of the total transmitted flux to the ideally diffuse incident
flux. Ideally diffuse irradiation means that the radiance or the luminance is equal for the whole
hemisphere of the incident irradiation
3.2.3
absorptance
αααα
ratio of the absorbed flux to the incident flux
3.3 Angle definitions
3.3.1 General
All the following angles are defined in a coordinate system which is fixed relative to the orientation of the solar
protection device
3.3.2
angle of incidence
θθθθ
angle between the normal to the plane of the solar protection device and the direction of the incident radiation
(see Figure 1)
8
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SIST EN 14500:2008
EN 14500:2008 (E)
3.3.3
altitude angle
αα
αα
s
projection of the angle of incidence on the vertical plane which contains the direction of the incident radiation
(see Figure 1)
3.3.4
azimuth angle
γγγγ
projection of the angle of incidence on a plane which is normal to the plane of the solar protection device. The
intersection of this projection plane and the plane of the solar protection device is horizontal (see Figure 1)
3.3.5
profile angle
αααα
p
projection of the altitude angle on a vertical plane which is perpendicular to the façade under consideration
(see Figure 1). The profile angle is given by the following formula: tg α = tg θ / cos γ
p
Key
1 Direction of the incident radiation
2 Vertical plane normal to the solar protection device
3 Projected direction of the incident radiation
4 Direction normal to the solar protection device
5 Altitude angle (angle in the vertical plane)
6 Azimuth angle (angle in the horizontal plane)
7 Profile angle
8 Angle of incidence
9 Solar protection device
Figure 1 – Angle definitions
9
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SIST EN 14500:2008
EN 14500:2008 (E)
4 Notations used
4.1 General
For the purpose of this document, the optical factors τ (transmittance), ρ (reflectance) and α (absorptance) are
labelled with subscripts which indicate:
The visual or solar properties;
The geometry of the incident and the transmitted or reflected radiation.
4.2 Visual or solar properties
According to the respective spectrum, the following subscripts are used:
« » solar (energetic) characteristics, given for the total solar spectrum (wavelengths λ from 300
e
nm to 2 500 nm), according to EN 410;
« » visual characteristics, given for the standard illuminant D weighted with the sensitivity of
v 65
the human eye (wavelengths λ from 380 nm to 780 nm), according to EN 410.
4.3 Geometry of the radiation
The following subscripts are used to indicate the geometry of the incident radiation and the geometry of the
transmitted or reflected radiation (see Figure 2).
« » for directional (fixed, but arbitrary direction θ);
dir
« » for normal, or near normal in case of reflected radiation, the angle of incidence is
n
θ = 0°, or θ ≤ 8° respectively;
« » for hemispherical (collected in the half space behind the sample plane);
h
« » for diffuse.
dif
10
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SIST EN 14500:2008
EN 14500:2008 (E)
Key
1 Solar protection device
2 Incident directional light or solar radiation
3 Transmitted direct component of light or solar radiation
4 Transmitted diffuse component of light or solar radiation
Figure 2 — Direct and diffuse components of transmitted radiation
4.4 Optical factors
The optical factors are designated as follows:
τ normal-normal solar transmittance
e, n-n
τ normal-normal light transmittance
v, n-n
τ normal-diffuse light transmittance
v, n-dif
τ normal-hemispherical light transmittance
v, n-h
τ direct-hemispherical light transmittance
v, dir-h
τ normal-hemispherical solar transmittance
e, n-h
τ direct-hemispherical solar transmittance
e, dir-h
ρ normal-hemispherical light reflectance
v, n-h
ρ direct-hemispherical light reflectance
v, dir-h
ρ normal-hemispherical solar reflectance
e, n-h
ρ direct-hemispherical solar reflectance
e, dir-h
τ diffuse-hemispherical light transmittance
v, dif-h
11
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SIST EN 14500:2008
EN 14500:2008 (E)
5 Test and calculation methods to be used according to product - Guidelines
5.1 General
The test methods described in this European Standard are intended to be used for testing the characteristics
of the curtain elements of solar protection devices. Curtain elements are for example flat sheets of coated
aluminium for slats for venetian blinds, fabric materials for roller blinds or glass slats with or without patterns
for external glass venetian blinds. The properties of the whole product, which consists of one or more
elements, are then calculated according to EN 13363-1 or EN 13363-2. Also a whole product may be tested, if
the test equipment is sufficiently large so that the whole product fulfils the requirements of test samples as
stated in Clause 6.3.
This European Standard characterises the product performance through the properties of the curtain (centre
of product values). However, peripheral gaps and/or holes and the set-up can have a strong effect on the
performance of the product under real conditions and shall be considered during set-up.
For all solar protection devices, it is assumed that the products are fully extended (not partially retracted)
when solar protection or glare protection is required.
NOTE For building planning it can be useful to take into consideration partially retracted solar protection devices. The
properties of the whole window can then be approximated from the properties of the window area with and without solar
protection devices.
5.2 Venetian blinds
The solar and light characteristics of venetian blinds shall be:
Either measured directly on a complete product according to Clause 7. The venetian blind shall in
this case fulfil the requirements of test samples specified in Clause 6.3;
or calculated using the properties of the individual slats. The slats characteristics shall be measured
according to Clause 7 and the calculation method of Annex A of EN 13363-2:2005 shall be used.
Additional information/requirements presented in Clause 8 shall be used.
NOTE If products cannot be appropriately characterised using EN 13363-2 (for example mirror finished and/or
special shaped slats), a more detailed calculation method may be necessary.
The characteristics of the combination of a venetian blind with a glazing may be measured directly according
to Clause 7 if the requirements of test sample specified in Clause 6.3 are fulfilled.
The different possibilities of determination of venetian blind characteristics are presented in Figure 3.
12
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 14500:2008
01-september-2008
5ROHWHLQSRORNQD7RSORWQRLQYL]XDOQRXJRGMH3UHVNXVLQUDþXQVNHPHWRGH
Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test and calculation methods
Abschlüsse - Thermischer und visueller Komfort - Prüf- und Berechnungsverfahren
Fermetures et stores - Confort thermique et lumineux - Méthodes d'essai et de calcul
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14500:2008
ICS:
91.060.50 Vrata in okna Doors and windows
SIST EN 14500:2008 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 14500:2008
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SIST EN 14500:2008
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 14500
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2008
ICS 91.060.50
English Version
Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test and
calculation methods
Fermetures et stores - Confort thermique et lumineux - Abschlüsse - Thermischer und visueller Komfort - Prüf- und
Méthodes d'essai et de calcul Berechnungsverfahren
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 April 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14500:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 14500:2008
EN 14500:2008 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword.4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Notations used.10
4.1 General .10
4.2 Visual or solar properties .10
4.3 Geometry of the radiation .10
4.4 Optical factors.11
5 Test and calculation methods to be used according to product - Guidelines .12
5.1 General .12
5.2 Venetian blinds .12
5.3 Roller blinds .13
5.4 Pleated blinds .13
5.5 Projecting awnings.14
5.6 Vertical blinds.14
5.7 Shutters.14
6 Measurement set-up.14
6.1 Measurement principles.14
6.1.1 Spectral and integral characteristics.14
6.1.2 Absolute and relative methods (according to CIE 130) .15
6.2 Measuring equipment .15
6.2.1 General .15
6.2.2 Equipment for irradiation.15
6.2.3 Equipment for detection.17
6.2.4 Reference samples.20
6.3 Test samples.20
6.3.1 General .20
6.3.2 Thick translucent samples .20
7 Measurement procedure .21
7.1 General .21
7.2 Test method A – Single beam instrument (substitution method).21
7.2.1 General .21
7.2.2 Test apparatus for the substitution method .21
7.2.3 Direct-hemispherical transmittance mode .22
7.2.4 Direct-hemispherical reflectance mode .25
7.2.5 Diffuse-hemispherical transmittance mode .28
7.3 Test method B – Double beam spectrophotometer (comparison method).28
7.3.1 General .28
7.3.2 Spectral direct-hemispherical transmittance mode .29
7.3.3 Spectral direct-diffuse transmittance mode .30
7.3.4 Direct-hemispherical reflectance mode .31
7.4 Determination of τ and ρ .35
n-h n-h
7.5 Determination of τ .35
n-n
7.5.1 General .35
7.5.2 Measurement of τ .35
n-n
7.5.3 Determination of τ from the measurement of τ .36
n-n n-dif
2
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EN 14500:2008 (E)
7.6 Determination of τ .36
dif-h
7.6.1 General.36
7.6.2 Measurement.36
7.6.3 Calculation.36
7.7 Determination of opacity characteristics for dim-out and black out fabrics or products.37
7.7.1 General.37
7.7.2 Samples.38
7.7.3 Test equipment.38
7.7.4 Test procedure .39
7.7.5 Lighting using natural light.40
8 Additional calculation methods for transmittance and reflectance of products.40
8.1 General.40
8.2 Venetian blinds .40
8.2.1 General.40
8.2.2 Ordinary venetian blind with incomplete closure, normal incidence .41
8.2.3 Ordinary venetian blind with slats tilted at 45°, 45° solar altitude, 0° azimuth .41
8.2.4 Ordinary venetian blind with slats in “Cut-Off” position, 30° solar altitude, 0° azimuth.41
8.2.5 Ordinary venetian blind with slats in horizontal position, 60° solar altitude, 0° azimuth .42
8.3 Vertical blinds .42
8.4 Shutters .42
9 Test report.43
Annex A (informative) Examples of test equipment for opacity characteristics determination.44
A.1 General.44
A.2 Example 1.44
A.3 Example 2.45
Annex B (informative) Determination of openness coefficient .47
B.1 Method for fabrics made from opaque material .47
B.2 Method for venetian blinds .47
Annex C (informative) Determination of infrared properties .48
C.1 General.48
C.2 Determination .48
C.2.1 IR properties of transparent materials.48
C.2.2 IR properties in the case of holes in an opaque layer.49
C.2.3 IR properties of venetian blinds.49
Annex D (informative) Approach in case of projecting solar protection devices .51
D.1 General.51
D.2 Detailed model.51
D.2.1 Reduction factor of direct radiation .52
D.2.2 Reduction factor for diffuse and reflected radiation .52
D.3 Simplified approach for summer.52
D.4 Examples of calculation.53
D.4.1 General.53
D.4.2 Mean values of x for summer.54
D.4.3 Calculations.54
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EN 14500:2008 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 14500:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 33 “Doors, windows,
shutters, building hardware and curtain walling”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by November 2008.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 14500:2008
EN 14500:2008 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard is part of a series of standards dealing with blinds and shutters for buildings as
defined in EN 12216.
This European Standard is mainly based on the European work performed in CEN/TC 89 "Thermal
performance of buildings and building components" relating to solar and light transmittance of solar protection
devices combined with glazing, and the document CIE 130.
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1 Scope
This European Standard defines test and calculation methods for the determination of the reflection and
transmission characteristics to be used to determine the thermal and visual comfort performance classes of
external blinds, internal blinds and shutters, as specified in EN 14501.
This European Standard also specifies the method to determine opacity characteristics of dim-out/black-out
external blinds, internal blinds and shutters, as specified in EN 14501.
This European Standard applies to the whole range of shutters, awnings and blinds defined in EN 12216,
described as solar protection devices in this European Standard. Some of the characteristics (e.g. g ) are not
tot
applicable when products are not parallel to the glazing (e.g. folding-arm awnings).
NOTE Informative Annex D presents an approach for the determination of characteristics in case of projectable
products.
Products using fluorescent or retroreflecting materials are outside the scope of this European Standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
CIE 130:1998, Practical methods for the measurement of reflectance and transmittance
EN 410, Glass in building – Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing
EN 12216:2002, Shutters, external blinds, internal blinds – Terminology, glossary and definitions
EN 13363-1, Solar protection devices combined with glazing – Calculation of solar and light transmittance –
Part 1: Simplified method
EN 13363-2:2005, Solar protection devices combined with glazing – Calculation of total solar energy
transmittance and light transmittance – Part 2: Detailed calculation method
EN 14501:2005, Blinds and Shutters – Thermal and visual comfort – Performance characteristics and
classification
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12216:2002, EN 14501:2005 and
the following apply.
3.1 Processes
3.1.1
reflection
process by which radiation is returned by a surface or medium, without change of frequency of its
monochromatic components
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The following sub-processes are defined herewith:
Specular (or directional or regular) reflection: reflection in accordance with the laws of geometrical
optics, without diffusion
Diffuse reflection: reflection due to light scattering, in which, on the macroscopic scale, there is no
specular reflection
Direct-hemispherical (or mixed) reflection: partly specular and partly diffuse reflection. Direct-
hemispherical reflection is the sum of the diffuse and specular reflection
Isotropic diffuse reflection: diffuse reflection in which the spatial distribution of the reflected radiation
is such that the radiance or luminance is the same in all directions in the hemisphere into which the
radiation is reflected
3.1.2
transmission
passage of radiation through a medium without change of frequency of its monochromatic components
The following sub-processes are defined herewith:
Directional (or direct-direct) transmission: transmission in accordance with the laws of geometrical
optics, without diffusion or redirection
Diffuse transmission: transmission due to light scattering, in which, on the macroscopic scale, there
is no direct transmission
Direct-hemispherical (or mixed or total) transmission: partly directional and partly diffuse transmission.
The direct-hemispherical transmission is the sum of the diffuse and direct transmission
Isotropic diffuse transmission: diffuse transmission in which the spatial distribution of the transmitted
radiation is such that the radiance or luminance is the same in all directions in the hemisphere into
which the radiation is transmitted
3.1.3
absorption
process by which radiant energy is converted to a different form of energy (e.g. heat) by interaction with
matter
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3.2 Characteristics
3.2.1
reflectance
ρρρρ
ratio of the reflected flux to the incident flux
The following sub-characteristics are defined:
Directional-directional (or direct-direct) reflectance: ratio of the specularly reflected flux to the
directional incident flux
Directional-diffuse reflectance: ratio of the diffusely reflected flux to the directional incident flux
Directional-hemispherical (or total) reflectance: ratio of the total reflected flux to the directional
incident flux
Diffuse-hemispherical reflectance: ratio of the total reflected flux to the ideally diffuse incident flux.
Ideally diffuse irradiation means that the radiance or the luminance is equal for the whole hemisphere
of the incident irradiation
3.2.2
transmittance
ττττ
ratio of the transmitted flux to the incident flux
The following sub-characteristics are defined:
Directional-directional transmittance: ratio of the directly transmitted flux to the directional incident
flux
Directional-diffuse transmittance: ratio of the diffusely transmitted flux to the directional incident flux
Directional-hemispherical transmittance: ratio of the total transmitted flux to the directional incident
flux
Diffuse-hemispherical transmittance: ratio of the total transmitted flux to the ideally diffuse incident
flux. Ideally diffuse irradiation means that the radiance or the luminance is equal for the whole
hemisphere of the incident irradiation
3.2.3
absorptance
αααα
ratio of the absorbed flux to the incident flux
3.3 Angle definitions
3.3.1 General
All the following angles are defined in a coordinate system which is fixed relative to the orientation of the solar
protection device
3.3.2
angle of incidence
θθθθ
angle between the normal to the plane of the solar protection device and the direction of the incident radiation
(see Figure 1)
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3.3.3
altitude angle
αα
αα
s
projection of the angle of incidence on the vertical plane which contains the direction of the incident radiation
(see Figure 1)
3.3.4
azimuth angle
γγγγ
projection of the angle of incidence on a plane which is normal to the plane of the solar protection device. The
intersection of this projection plane and the plane of the solar protection device is horizontal (see Figure 1)
3.3.5
profile angle
αααα
p
projection of the altitude angle on a vertical plane which is perpendicular to the façade under consideration
(see Figure 1). The profile angle is given by the following formula: tg α = tg θ / cos γ
p
Key
1 Direction of the incident radiation
2 Vertical plane normal to the solar protection device
3 Projected direction of the incident radiation
4 Direction normal to the solar protection device
5 Altitude angle (angle in the vertical plane)
6 Azimuth angle (angle in the horizontal plane)
7 Profile angle
8 Angle of incidence
9 Solar protection device
Figure 1 – Angle definitions
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4 Notations used
4.1 General
For the purpose of this document, the optical factors τ (transmittance), ρ (reflectance) and α (absorptance) are
labelled with subscripts which indicate:
The visual or solar properties;
The geometry of the incident and the transmitted or reflected radiation.
4.2 Visual or solar properties
According to the respective spectrum, the following subscripts are used:
« » solar (energetic) characteristics, given for the total solar spectrum (wavelengths λ from 300
e
nm to 2 500 nm), according to EN 410;
« » visual characteristics, given for the standard illuminant D weighted with the sensitivity of
v 65
the human eye (wavelengths λ from 380 nm to 780 nm), according to EN 410.
4.3 Geometry of the radiation
The following subscripts are used to indicate the geometry of the incident radiation and the geometry of the
transmitted or reflected radiation (see Figure 2).
« » for directional (fixed, but arbitrary direction θ);
dir
« » for normal, or near normal in case of reflected radiation, the angle of incidence is
n
θ = 0°, or θ ≤ 8° respectively;
« » for hemispherical (collected in the half space behind the sample plane);
h
« » for diffuse.
dif
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Key
1 Solar protection device
2 Incident directional light or solar radiation
3 Transmitted direct component of light or solar radiation
4 Transmitted diffuse component of light or solar radiation
Figure 2 — Direct and diffuse components of transmitted radiation
4.4 Optical factors
The optical factors are designated as follows:
τ normal-normal solar transmittance
e, n-n
τ normal-normal light transmittance
v, n-n
τ normal-diffuse light transmittance
v, n-dif
τ normal-hemispherical light transmittance
v, n-h
τ direct-hemispherical light transmittance
v, dir-h
τ normal-hemispherical solar transmittance
e, n-h
τ direct-hemispherical solar transmittance
e, dir-h
ρ normal-hemispherical light reflectance
v, n-h
ρ direct-hemispherical light reflectance
v, dir-h
ρ normal-hemispherical solar reflectance
e, n-h
ρ direct-hemispherical solar reflectance
e, dir-h
τ diffuse-hemispherical light transmittance
v, dif-h
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5 Test and calculation methods to be used according to product - Guidelines
5.1 General
The test methods described in this European Standard are intended to be used for testing the characteristics
of the curtain elements of solar protection devices. Curtain elements are for example flat sheets of coated
aluminium for slats for venetian blinds, fabric materials for roller blinds or glass slats with or without patterns
for external glass venetian blinds. The properties of the whole product, which consists of one or more
elements, are then calculated according to EN 13363-1 or EN 13363-2. Also a whole product may be tested, if
the test equipment is sufficiently large so that the whole product fulfils the requirements of test samples as
stated in Clause 6.3.
This European Standard characterises the product performance through the properties of the curtain (centre
of product values). However, peripheral gaps and/or holes and the set-up can have a strong effect on the
performance of the product under real conditions and shall be considered during set-up.
For all solar protection devices, it is assumed that the products are fully extended (not partially retracted)
when solar protection or glare protection is required.
NOTE For building planning it can be useful to take into consideration partially retracted solar protection devices. The
properties of the whole window can then be approximated from the properties of the window area with and without solar
protection devices.
5.2 Venetian blinds
The solar and light characteristics of venetian blinds shall be:
Either measured directly on a complete product according to Clause 7. The venetian blind shall in
this case fulfil the requirements of test samples specified in Clause 6.3;
or calculated using the properties of the individual slats. The slats characteristics shall be measured
according to Clause 7 and the calculation method of Annex A of EN 13363-2:2005 shall be used.
Additional information/requirements presented in Clause 8 shall be used.
NOTE If products cannot be appropriately characterised using EN 13363-2 (for example mirror finished and/or
special shaped slats), a more detailed calculation method may be necessary.
The characteristics of the combination of a venetian blind with a glazing may be measured directly according
to Clause 7 if the requirements of test sample specified in Clause 6.3 are fulfilled.
The different possibilities of determination of venetian blind characteristics are pres
...
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