SIST EN 60695-7-1:2005
(Main)Fire hazard testing -- Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent - General guidance
Fire hazard testing -- Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent - General guidance
Provides guidance on the factors which affect the toxic hazard from fires involving electrotechnical products, and provides information on the methodologies recommended by ISO TC 92 (SC 3) for estimating and reducing toxic hazard from fires, as expressed in ISO/TR 9122 (Parts 1 to 6), ISO 13344 and ISO/TS 13571. There is no single test to realistically assess toxic hazard in fires. Small-scale toxic potency tests are not capable on their own of assessing fire hazard. Current toxicity tests attempt to measure the toxic potency of a laboratory generated fire effluent. Toxic potency should not be confused with toxic hazard. Although the structure of this standard remains essentially the same, the main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below: - Introduction: an explanation concerning the publication of EN 60695-7-50, a small-scale toxicity test method, reference to EN 60695-7-51 which covers the calculation and interpretation of test results, an explanation of the alignment with ISO/TC 92 Fire safety. - The expansion of the scope further clarifies the subject matter and alignment with ISO/TC 92, in particular ISO 13344 and ISO/TS 13571. - Formulae are given for the calculation of the fraction of the incapacitating dose for each of the asphyxiants, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. - Volume fractions that are expected to cause incapacitation (F values) are given for some of the more important irritants. - The definitions have been greatly expanded and updated. - The subclause on factors determining toxic hazard has been expanded. - New subclauses include general aspects of small-scale test methods, evaluation of test methods and the relevance of toxic hazard data to hazard assessment. - A flowchart has been added to outline the stages to be followed for test method assessment. Has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
Prüfungen zur Beurteilung der Brandgefahr -- Teil 7-1: Toxizität von Rauch und/oder Brandgasen - Allgemeiner Leitfaden
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu -- Partie 7-1: Toxicité des effluents du feu - Lignes directrices générales
Fournit des lignes directrices sur les facteurs qui affectent le danger toxique des feux impliquant des produits électrotechniques et fournit des informations sur les méthodologies recommandées par le TC 92 (SC 3) de l'ISO concernant l'estimation et la réduction du risque toxique des incendies, comme exprimé dans les Parties 1 à 6 de l'ISO/TR 9122, dans l'ISO 13344 et dans l'ISO/TS 13571. Il n'y a pas d'essai unique pour évaluer de façon réaliste le risque toxique des incendies. Les essais de puissance toxique à petite échelle ne sont pas capables en eux-mêmes d'évaluer le risque de feu. Les essais de toxicité actuels tentent de mesurer la puissance toxique d'un effluent du feu généré en laboratoire. Il convient de ne pas confondre puissance toxique et risque toxique. Bien que la structure de la présente norme demeure pratiquement inchangée, les modifications principales par rapport à l'édition précédente sont les suivantes : - Introduction : description des travaux récents relatifs à la publication de la EN 60695-7-50, méthode d'essai à la toxicité à petite échelle, référence à la EN 60695-7-51 qui concerne le calcul et l'interprétation des résultats d'essai, explications relatives à l'alignement sur les travaux du TC 92 de l'ISO, Sécurité au feu. - Extension du domaine d'application à fins de clarification et d'alignement sur les travaux du TC 92 de l'ISO, en particulier de l'ISO 13344 et de l'ISO/TS 13571. - Formules données pour le calcul de la fraction de la dose incapacitante pour chacun des agents asphyxiants, le monoxyde de carbone et l'acide cyanhydrique. - Fractions volumiques supposées causer l'incapacitation (valeurs F) données pour certains des irritants les plus importants. - Ajouts et mises à jour des définitions. - Développement du paragraphe qui concerne les facteurs déterminant le danger toxique. - Nouveaux paragraphes relatifs aux aspects généraux des méthodes d'essai à petite échelle et à l'évaluation des méthodes d'essai et à la pertinence des d
Preskušanje požarne ogroženosti – 7-1. del: Toksičnost dimnih plinov – Splošno navodilo
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 60695-7-1:2005
STANDARD
julij 2005
Preskušanje požarne ogroženosti – 7-1. del: Toksičnost dimnih plinov –
Splošno navodilo
Fire hazard testing – Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent – General guidance
ICS 13.220.40; 29.020 Referenčna številka
SIST EN 60695-7-1:2005(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60695-7-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM August 2004
ICS 13.220.40; 29.020 Supersedes EN 60695-7-1:1995
English version
Fire hazard testing
Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent –
General guidance
(IEC 60695-7-1:2004)
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu Prüfungen zur Beurteilung
Partie 7-1: Toxicité des effluents du feu - der Brandgefahr
Lignes directrices générales Teil 7-1: Toxizität von Rauch
(CEI 60695-7-1:2004) und/oder Brandgasen –
Allgemeiner Leitfaden
(IEC 60695-7-1:2004)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2004-07-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2004 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60695-7-1:2004 E
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EN 60695-7-1:2004 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 89/650/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60695-7-1, prepared by IEC TC 89, Fire
hazard testing, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as
EN 60695-7-1 on 2004-07-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 60695-7-1:1995.
Although the structure of this standard remains essentially the same, the main changes with respect to
EN 60695-7-1:1995 are listed below:
– introduction:
• an explanation concerning the publication of IEC 60695-7-50,
• a small-scale toxicity test method,
• reference to IEC 60695-7-51 which covers the calculation and interpretation of test results,
• an explanation of the alignment with ISO/TC 92 Fire safety;
– the expansion of the scope further clarifies the subject matter and alignment with ISO/TC 92, in
particular ISO 13344 and ISO/TS 13571;
– formulae are given for the calculation of the fraction of the incapacitating dose for each of the
asphyxiants, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide;
– volume fractions that are expected to cause incapacitation (F values) are given for some of the
more important irritants;
– the definitions have been greatly expanded and updated;
– the subclause on factors determining toxic hazard has been expanded;
– new subclauses include general aspects of small-scale test methods, evaluation of test methods
and the relevance of toxic hazard data to hazard assessment;
– a flowchart has been added to outline the stages to be followed for test method assessment.
This European Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-7-2:2002, Fire hazard testing –
Part 7-2: Toxicity of fire effluent – Summary and relevance of test methods.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2005-04-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2007-07-01
__________
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- 3 - EN 60695-7-1:2004
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60695-7-1:2004 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60695-1-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60695-1-1:2000 (not modified).
IEC 60695-6-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60695-6-1:2001 (not modified).
__________
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EN 60695-7-1:2004 - 4 -
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE Where an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC/TR 60695-7-2 2002 Fire hazard testing - -
Part 7-2: Toxicity of fire effluent -
Summary and relevance of test methods
IEC/TS 60695-7-3 2004 Part 7-3: Toxicity of fire effluent - Use and - -
interpretation of test results
IEC Guide 104 1997 The preparation of safety publications - -
and the use of basic safety publications
and group safety publications
ISO/IEC 13943 2000 Fire safety - Vocabulary EN ISO 13943 2000
ISO/TR 9122 series Toxicity testing of fire effluents - -
ISO 13344 1996 Determination of the lethal toxic potency - -
of fire effluents
ISO/TS 13571 2002 Life-threatening components of fire - - -
Guidelines for the estimation of time
available for escape using fire data
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NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
60695-7-1
INTERNATIONAL
Deuxième édition
STANDARD
Second edition
2004-05
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE DE SÉCURITÉ
BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 7-1:
Toxicité des effluents du feu –
Lignes directrices générales
Fire hazard testing –
Part 7-1:
Toxicity of fire effluent –
General guidance
© IEC 2004 Droits de reproduction réservés ⎯ Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo-copie et les photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
S
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
PRICE CODE
International Electrotechnical Commission
ɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
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60695-7-1 ¤ IEC:2004 − 3 −
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
INTRODUCTION.11
1 Scope.13
2 Normative references.13
3 Terms and definitions .15
4 Factors determining toxic hazard .23
4.1 Evaluation of the toxic hazard .23
4.2 Burning rate.23
4.3 Toxicity of fire effluent .23
4.3.1 General.23
4.3.2 Asphyxiants.25
4.3.3 Sensory and/or upper respiratory irritants.27
4.3.4 Unusually high toxicity and extreme toxic potency .29
4.4 Escape time.29
5 General aspects of small scale test methods used to evaluate the toxic hazard of
fire gas effluent.29
5.1 General.29
5.2 Fire model.31
5.3 Static methods.33
5.4 Dynamic methods.33
5.5 Measurement of toxicity.35
5.5.1 General.35
5.5.2 Chemical analysis based methods.35
5.5.3 Methods based on animal exposure .37
6 Evaluation of test methods.37
6.1 Parameters to be considered .37
6.2 Selection of test specimen .37
7 Relevance of toxic hazard data to hazard assessment.39
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60695-7-1 ¤ IEC:2004 − 5 −
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent –
General guidance
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60695-7-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89: Fire
hazard testing.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1993. It constitutes a
technical revision.
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60695-7-1 ¤ IEC:2004 − 7 −
Although the structure of this standard remains essentially the same, the main changes with
respect to the previous edition are listed below:
í Introduction
• an explanation concerning the publication of IEC 60695-7-50,
• a small-scale toxicity test method,
• reference to IEC 60695-7-51 which covers the calculation and interpretation of test
results,
• an explanation of the alignment with ISO/TC 92 Fire safety.
í The expansion of the scope further clarifies the subject matter and alignment with
ISO/TC 92, in particular ISO 13344 and ISO/TS 13571.
í Formulae are given for the calculation of the fraction of the incapacitating dose for each of
the asphyxiants, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide.
í Volume fractions that are expected to cause incapacitation (F values) are given for some of
the more important irritants.
í The definitions have been greatly expanded and updated.
í The subclause on factors determining toxic hazard has been expanded.
í New subclauses include general aspects of small-scale test methods, evaluation of test
methods and the relevance of toxic hazard data to hazard assessment.
í A flowchart has been added to outline the stages to be followed for test method
assessment.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
89/650/FDIS 89/661/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-7-2:2002, Fire hazard
testing – Part 7-2: Toxicity of fire effluent – Summary and relevance of test methods.
This standard forms part 7-1 of IEC 60695, which is published under the general heading Fire
hazard testing. Part 7 consists of the following parts:
Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent – General guidance
Part 7-2: Toxicity of fire effluent – Summary and relevance of test methods
Part 7-3: Toxicity of fire effluent – Use and interpretation of test results
Part 7-50: Toxicity of fire effluent – Estimation of toxic potency – Apparatus and test method
Part 7-51: Toxicity of fire effluent – Estimation of toxic potency – Calculation and
interpretation of test results
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60695-7-1 ¤ IEC:2004 − 9 −
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2009. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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60695-7-1 ¤ IEC:2004 − 11 −
INTRODUCTION
Electrotechnical products sometimes become involved in fires. However, except for certain
specific cases (for example, power generating stations, mass transit tunnels, computer suites),
electrotechnical products are not normally present in sufficient quantities to form the major
source of toxic hazard. For example, in domestic dwellings and places of public assembly,
electrotechnical products are usually a very minor source of fire effluent compared with, for
example, furnishings.
The IEC 60695-7 series of publications is subject to the ongoing evolution of fire safety
philosophy within ISO/TC 92.
The guidance in this International Standard is consistent with the principles of fire safety
developed by ISO TC 92 (SC 3) on toxic hazards in fire as described in ISO/TR 9122, Parts 1
to 6. General guidance for the assessment of the fire hazard of electrotechnical products is
provided in IEC 60695-1-1. Guidance on the estimation of escape times from fires is provided
in ISO/TS 13571. The determination of the lethal toxic potency of fire effluents is described in
ISO 13344.
The following is a summary of the views expressed in ISO/TR 9122-1.
"Small-scale toxic potency tests as we know them today are inappropriate for regulatory
purposes. They cannot provide rank orderings of materials with respect to their propensity to
produce toxic atmospheres in fires. All currently available tests are limited because of their
inability to replicate the dynamics of fire growth which determine the time/concentration profiles
of the effluent in full-scale fires, and the response of electrotechnical products, not just
materials. This is a crucial limitation because the toxic effects of combustion effluent are now
known to depend much more on the rates and conditions of combustion than on the chemical
constitution of the burning materials."
Because of these limitations IEC TC 89 has developed IEC 60695-7-50. This is a practical
small-scale test for toxic potency which, by virtue of its ability to model defined stages of a fire,
will yield toxic potency data suitable for use in a full hazard assessment. The test method
follows the guidance of ISO TC 92 (SC 3) in terms of the fire models used, and in methods of
measurement of effluent. IEC 60695-7-51 covers the calculation and interpretation of test
results, again following the guidance of ISO TC 92 (SC 3).
The evidence from fires and fire casualties, when taken with data from experimental fire and
combustion toxicity studies, suggests that chemical species with unusually high toxicity are not
important (see 4.3.4). Carbon monoxide is by far the most significant agent contributing to toxic
hazard. Other agents of major significance are hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide and irritants.
There are also other important non-toxic threats to life such as the effects of heat, radiant
energy, depletion of oxygen and smoke obscuration, all of which are discussed in
ISO/TS 13571. General guidance on the effects of smoke obscuration is provided in
IEC 60695-6-1.
ISO/TR 9122-1 recognizes that effective mitigation of toxic hazard is best accomplished by
tests and regulations leading to improved resistance to ignition and to reduced rates of fire
growth, thus limiting the level of exposure to fire effluent.
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60695-7-1 ¤ IEC:2004 − 13 −
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 7-1: Toxicity of fire effluent –
General guidance
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60695 provides guidance on the factors which affect the toxic hazard from
fires involving electrotechnical products, and provides information on the methodologies
recommended by ISO TC 92 (SC 3) for estimating and reducing toxic hazard from fires, as
expressed in ISO/TR 9122 (Parts 1 to 6), ISO 13344 and ISO/TS 13571.
There is no single test to realistically assess toxic hazard in fires. Small-scale toxic potency
tests are not capable on their own of assessing fire hazard. Current toxicity tests attempt to
measure the toxic potency of a laboratory generated fire effluent. Toxic potency should not be
confused with toxic hazard.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of
basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60695-7-2:2002, Fire hazard testing – Part 7-2: Toxicity of fire effluent – Summary and
relevance of test methods
IEC 60695-7-3:2004, Fire hazard testing – Part 7-3: Toxicity of fire effluent – Use and
interpretation of test results
IEC Guide 104:1997, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety
publications and group safety publications
ISO/IEC 13943:2000, Fire safety – Vocabulary
ISO/TR 9122 (all parts), Toxicity testing of fire effluents
ISO 13344:1996, Determination of the lethal toxic potency of fire effluents
ISO/TS 13571:2002, Life-threatening components of fire – Guidelines for the estimation of time
available for escape using fire data
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60695-7-1 ¤ IEC:2004 − 15 −
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions, some of which have
been taken from ISO/IEC 13943, apply.
3.1
acute toxicity
ability of a substance to produce rapidly occurring adverse effects upon a living organism
3.2
asphyxiant
toxicant causing loss of consciousness and ultimately death resulting from hypoxic effects,
particularly on the central nervous and/or cardiovascular systems
3.3
burn
to undergo combustion
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 10]
3.4
combustible
capable of being combusted
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 21]
3.5
combustible
item capable of combustion
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 22]
3.6
combustion
exothermic reaction of a substance with an oxidizer
NOTE Combustion generally emits effluent accompanied by flames and/or visible light.
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 23]
3.7
concentration
amount of substance per unit volume
3.8
exposure dose
quantity of a gaseous toxicant or a fire effluent which is available for inhalation, i.e. the
integrated area under either the concentration-time curve or the volume fraction-time curve
-3 -6
NOTE It is usually expressed in units of g × min × m or 10 × min.
3.9
fire
(controlled) self-supporting combustion which has been deliberately arranged to provide useful
effects and which is controlled in its extent in time and space
NOTE In the English language the word “fire” can have two meanings which translate into two different words in
both French and German.
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 40]
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60695-7-1 ¤ IEC:2004 − 17 −
3.10
fire
(uncontrolled) self-supporting combustion which spreads uncontrolled in time and space
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 41]
3.11
fire effluent
totality of gases and/or aerosols (including suspended particles) created by combustion or
pyrolysis
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 45]
3.12
fire hazard
potential for injury and/or damage from fire
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 48]
3.13
fire model
procedure or process intended to represent, predict or reproduce one or more phases of a fire,
or the transition between phases
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 51]
3.14
fire risk
product of
– probability of occurrence of a fire to be expected in a given technical operation or state, and
– consequence or extent of damage to be expected on the occurrence of a fire
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 57]
3.15
fire scenario
detailed description of conditions, including environmental, of one or more stages from before
ignition to after completion of combustion in an actual fire at a specific location or in a real-
scale simulation
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 58]
3.16
flame spread
propagation of a fire front
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 68]
3.17
flash-over
transition to a state of total surface involvement in a fire of combustible materials within an
enclosure
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 77]
3.18
fractional effective concentration, FEC
ratio of the concentration of an irritant to that expected to produce a given effect on an exposed
subject of average susceptibility
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60695-7-1 ¤ IEC:2004 − 19 −
NOTE 1 As a concept, FEC may refer to any effect, including incapacitation, lethality or even other endpoints.
NOTE 2 When not used with reference to a specific irritant, the term FEC represents the summation of FECs for
all irritants in a combustion atmosphere.
3.19
fractional effective dose, FED
ratio of the exposure dose for an asphyxiant toxicant to that expected to produce a given effect
on an exposed subject of average susceptibility
NOTE 1 As a concept, FED may refer to any effect, including incapacitation, lethality or even other endpoints.
NOTE 2 When not used with reference to a specific asphyxiant, the term FED represents the summation of FEDs
for all asphyxiants in a combustion atmosphere.
3.20
fully developed fire
state of total involvement of combustible materials in a fire
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 80]
3.21
hyperventilation
rate and/or depth of breathing which is greater than normal
3.22
ignition
initiation of combustion
NOTE The term “ignition” in French has a very different meaning [state of body combustion].
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 96]
3.23
incapacitation
state of physical inability to accomplish a specific task, for example, the inability to take
effective action to escape from a fire
3.24
irritant
toxicant causing pulmonary irritancy and/or sensory irritancy
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 107]
3.25
lethal exposure dose 50, LCt
50
exposure dose of a toxicant that, when inhaled, causes lethality in 50 % of a population all of
which are the same species and all exposed under the same experimental conditions
3.26
pulmonary irritancy
action of toxicants on the lower respiratory tract which may result in breathing discomfort (for
example dyspnoea, increase in respiratory rate)
NOTE In severe cases, pneumonitis or pulmonary oedema (which may be fatal) may occur some hours after
exposure.
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 132]
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60695-7-1 ¤ IEC:2004 − 21 −
3.27
pyrolysis
that part of the irreversible chemical decomposition caused solely by a rise in temperature
NOTE Pyrolysis may be accompanied by decomposition due to other actions such as chemical attack.
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 133]
3.28
sensory irritancy
action of toxicants on the eyes and/or upper respiratory tract causing a painful sensation, either
by a direct stimulus of specialized receptors or as a result of tissue damage
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 148]
3.29
small-scale test
test performed on an item of small dimensions
NOTE A test performed on a test specimen of which the maximum dimension is less than 1 m is usually called a
“small-scale test”.
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 149]
3.30
smoke
visible part of fire effluent
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 150]
3.31
toxic hazard
potential for injury or loss of life by exposure to toxicants with respect to their potency, quantity,
concentration and duration of exposure
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 168]
3.32
toxic potency
measure of the exposure dose of toxicant required to elicit a specific toxic effect
NOTE The smaller the value of the toxic potency, the greater the toxicity.
3.33
toxic risk
result of the multiplication of
− the probability of occurrence of a toxic hazard to be expected in a given technical operation
or state, and
− the consequence or extent of injury to be expected on the occurrence of a toxic hazard
NOTE The toxic risk is part of the fire risk.
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 170]
3.34
toxicant
substance which causes an adverse effect upon a living organism
[ISO/IEC 13943, definition 171]
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60695-7-1 ¤ IEC:2004 − 23 −
3.35
toxicity
ability of a substance to produce adverse effects upon a living o
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