SIST EN IEC 60695-9-2:2021
(Main)Fire hazard testing - Part 9-2: Surface spread of flame - Summary and relevance of test methods (IEC 60695-9-2:2021)
Fire hazard testing - Part 9-2: Surface spread of flame - Summary and relevance of test methods (IEC 60695-9-2:2021)
This part of IEC 60695-9 presents a summary of published test methods that are used to determine the surface spread of flame of electrotechnical products or materials from which they are formed. It represents the current state of the art of the test methods and, where available, includes special observations on their relevance and use. The list of test methods is not to be considered exhaustive, and test methods that were not developed by the IEC are not to be considered as endorsed by the IEC unless this is specifically stated. This summary cannot be used in place of published standards which are the only valid reference documents. This basic safety publication is intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications. The requirements, test methods or test conditions of this basic safety publication will not apply unless specifically referred to or included in the relevant publications.
Prüfungen zur Beurteilung der Brandgefahr - Teil 9-2: Flammenausbreitung auf Oberflächen - Zusammenfassung und Anwendbarkeit der Prüfverfahren (IEC 60695-9-2:2021)
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu - Partie 9-2: Propagation des flammes en surface - Résumé et pertinence des méthodes d'essai (IEC 60695-9-2:2021)
IEC 60695-9-2:2021 propose un résumé des méthodes d'essai publiées utilisées pour déterminer la propagation de flamme en surface des produits électrotechniques ou des matériaux dont ils sont constitués.
Elle représente l'état actuel de l'art des méthodes d'essai et, le cas échéant, elle comprend des observations particulières sur leur pertinence et leur utilisation.
La liste des méthodes d’essai ne doit pas être considérée comme exhaustive, et les méthodes d'essai qui n'ont pas été élaborées par l’IEC ne doivent pas être considérées comme étant entérinées par l’IEC, sauf si cela est spécifiquement stipulé.
Ce résumé ne peut pas se substituer aux normes publiées, qui sont les seuls documents de référence valables.
Cette publication fondamentale de sécurité est destinée à être utilisée par les comités d’études pour l’établissement de leurs normes, conformément aux principes exposés dans le Guide IEC 104 et dans le Guide ISO/IEC 51.
L'une des responsabilités d'un comité d'études consiste, le cas échéant, à utiliser les publications fondamentales de sécurité dans le cadre de l'élaboration de ses publications. Les exigences, les méthodes d'essai ou les conditions d'essai indiquées dans la présente publication fondamentale de sécurité ne s'appliquent que si elles sont référencées ou incluses dans les publications appropriées.
Cette Norme internationale doit être utilisée conjointement avec l’IEC 60695-9-1.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition de l’IEC 60695-9-2 parue en 2014. Cette édition constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) Mise à jour de l’introduction
b) Mise à jour des références normatives
c) Mise à jour des termes et définitions
d) Nouveaux Paragraphes 4.1 et 4.2
e) Référence aux stades d’incendie tels qu'ils sont définis dans l’ISO 19706 (Tableau 1)
f) Nouvelle répartition des essais dans les paragraphes suivants:
4.3 Essais au feu à petite échelle
4.4 Essais au feu à échelles moyenne et intermédiaire
4.5 Essais au feu à échelle intermédiaire et à grande échelle pour les câbles
4.6 Essais au feu en grandeur réelle pour les câbles
g) Mise à jour du texte de certaines parties de l’Article 4
h) Ajout des méthodes d'essai suivantes:
IEC TS 60695-11-21
IEC 60684-2:2011, Article 26
ISO 3582
ISO 9772
ISO 9773
ISO 12992
ISO 21367
i) Nouvel Article 5 et nouveau Tableau 4 qui donnent une vue générale des méthodes d'essai
j) Suppression de toutes les Annexes
k) Mise à jour de la bibliographie
Preskušanje požarne ogroženosti - 9-2. del: Površinsko širjenje plamena - Pregled in primernost preskusnih metod (IEC 60695-9-2:2021)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 60695-9-2:2021
01-december-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 60695-9-2:2014
Preskušanje požarne ogroženosti - 9-2. del: Površinsko širjenje plamena - Pregled
in primernost preskusnih metod (IEC 60695-9-2:2021)
Fire hazard testing - Part 9-2: Surface spread of flame - Summary and relevance of test
methods (IEC 60695-9-2:2021)
Prüfungen zur Beurteilung der Brandgefahr - Teil 9-2: Flammenausbreitung auf
Oberflächen - Zusammenfassung und Anwendbarkeit der Prüfverfahren (IEC 60695-9-
2:2021)
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu - Partie 9-2: Propagation des flammes en surface -
Résumé et pertinence des méthodes d'essai (IEC 60695-9-2:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 60695-9-2:2021
ICS:
13.220.40 Sposobnost vžiga in Ignitability and burning
obnašanje materialov in behaviour of materials and
proizvodov pri gorenju products
29.020 Elektrotehnika na splošno Electrical engineering in
general
SIST EN IEC 60695-9-2:2021 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN IEC 60695-9-2:2021
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SIST EN IEC 60695-9-2:2021
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 60695-9-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2021
ICS 13.220.40; 29.020 Supersedes EN 60695-9-2:2014 and all of its
amendments and corrigenda (if any)
English Version
Fire hazard testing - Part 9-2: Surface spread of flame -
Summary and relevance of test methods
(IEC 60695-9-2:2021)
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu - Partie 9-2: Propagation Prüfungen zur Beurteilung der Brandgefahr - Teil 9-2:
des flammes en surface - Résumé et pertinence des Flammenausbreitung auf Oberflächen - Zusammenfassung
méthodes d'essai und Anwendbarkeit der Prüfverfahren
(IEC 60695-9-2:2021) (IEC 60695-9-2:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2021-09-29. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 60695-9-2:2021 E
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SIST EN IEC 60695-9-2:2021
EN IEC 60695-9-2:2021 (E)
European foreword
The text of document 89/1469/CDV, future edition 2 of IEC 60695-9-2, prepared by IEC/TC 89 “Fire
hazard testing” was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
EN IEC 60695-9-2:2021.
The following dates are fixed:
latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2022–06–29
•
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2024–09–29
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 60695-9-2:2014 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60695-9-2:2021 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 60695-1-11 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60695-1-11
IEC 60695-1-12 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 60695-1-12
IEC 60695-11-10 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60695-11-10
IEC 60695-11-20 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60695-11-20
IEC 60695-11-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60695-11-3
IEC 60684-2:2011 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60684-2:2011 (not modified)
IEC 60332-1 NOTE Harmonized as HD 405.1 S1
IEC 60332-2 NOTE Harmonized as HD 405.2 S1
ISO 3582 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 3582
ISO 9773 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9773
ISO 11925-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 11925-2
IEC 60695-8-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60695-8-1
2
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SIST EN IEC 60695-9-2:2021
EN IEC 60695-9-2:2021 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60695-1-10 - Fire hazard testing - Part 1–10: Guidance EN 60695-1-10 -
for assessing the fire hazard of
electrotechnical products - General
guidelines
IEC 60695-4 2012 Fire hazard testing - Part 4: Terminology EN 60695-4 2012
concerning fire tests for electrotechnical
products
IEC 60695-9-1 - Fire hazard testing - Part 9–1: Surface EN 60695-9-1 -
spread of flame - General guidance
IEC Guide 104 - The preparation of safety publications and - -
the use of basic safety publications and
group safety publications
ISO/IEC Guide 51 - Safety aspects - Guidelines for their -
inclusion in standards
ISO 13943 2017 Fire Safety - Vocabulary EN ISO 13943 2017
ISO 19706 2011 Guidelines for assessing the fire threat to - -
people
3
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SIST EN IEC 60695-9-2:2021
IEC 60695-9-2
®
Edition 2.0 2021-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
HORIZONTAL PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION HORIZONTALE
Fire hazard testing –
Part 9-2: Surface spread of flame – Summary and relevance of test methods
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 9-2: Propagation des flammes en surface – Résumé et pertinence
des méthodes d'essai
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.220.40; 29.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-9997-5
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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SIST EN IEC 60695-9-2:2021
– 2 – IEC 60695-9-2:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Summary of published test methods . 12
4.1 General . 12
4.2 The physical fire model . 12
4.3 Small-scale fire tests. 14
4.3.1 Horizontal and vertical 50 W and 500 W flame tests – IEC 60695-11-10
and IEC 60695-11-20 . 14
4.3.2 Fire hazard testing – Part 11-21: Test flames – 500 W vertical flame
test method for tubular polymeric materials – IEC TS 60695-11-21 [5] . 14
4.3.3 Flexible insulating sleeving – Part 2: Methods of test, Clause 26: Flame
propagation tests – IEC 60684-2:2011 [7], Clause 26 . 15
4.3.4 Vertical burning test for cables – IEC 60332-1 [9] . 16
4.3.5 Vertical burning test for cables – IEC 60332-2 [10] . 17
4.3.6 Flexible cellular polymeric materials – Laboratory assessment of horizontal
burning characteristics of small specimens subjected to a small flame –
ISO 3582 [11] . 18
4.3.7 Horizontal burning rate for road vehicle materials – ISO 3795 [12]. . 19
4.3.8 Cellular plastics – Determination of horizontal burning characteristics of
small specimens subjected to a small flame – ISO 9772 [13] . 19
4.3.9 Plastics – Determination of burning behaviour of thin flexible vertical
specimens in contact with a small-flame ignition source – ISO 9773 [15] . 20
4.3.10 Fire propagation apparatus – ISO 12136 [16] . 21
4.3.11 Plastics – Vertical flame spread determination for film and sheet –
ISO 12992 [27] . 23
4.3.12 Vertical burning test for aircraft materials – FAR 25 [29] . 23
4.4 Medium and intermediate-scale fire tests . 24
4.4.1 Lateral flame spread on building and transport products – ISO 5658-2 [30] . 24
4.4.2 Intermediate-scale fire test of vertical flame spread – ISO 5658-4 [33]. 25
4.4.3 Plastics – Reaction to fire – Test method for flame spread and combustion
product release from vertically oriented specimens – ISO 21367 [35] . 26
4.5 Intermediate and large-scale fire tests for cables . 26
4.5.1 General . 26
4.5.2 Vertical burning tests for cables (ladder tests) . 27
4.5.3 Vertical burning test for cables – NF C 32-070 [60] . 31
4.6 Real-scale fire tests for cables . 31
4.6.1 Standard for test for flame propagation height of electrical and optical-
fiber cables installed vertically in shafts – UL 1666 [61] . 31
4.6.2 Horizontal flame spread test for cables – EN 50289-4-11 [62] . 32
5 Overview of methods and relevance of data . 33
Bibliography . 38
Table 1 – Characteristics of fire stages (ISO 19706:2011) . 13
a)
Table 2 – Summary and comparison of IEC 60332 vertical ladder test methods [37] . 28
Table 3 – Summary and comparison of non-IEC vertical ladder test methods . 29
Table 4 – Overview of flame spread methods . 34
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IEC 60695-9-2:2021 © IEC 2021 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 9-2: Surface spread of flame –
Summary and relevance of test methods
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60695-9-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89: Fire
hazard testing.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 60695-9-2 published in 2014.
This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Updated introduction
b) Updated normative references
c) Updated terms and definitions
d) New Subclauses 4.1 and 4.2
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e) Reference to fire stages as defined in ISO 19706 (Table 1)
f) New sub-division of tests into the following subclauses:
4.3 Small-scale fire tests
4.4 Medium and intermediate-scale fire tests
4.5 Intermediate and large-scale fire tests for cables
4.6 Real-scale fire tests for cables
g) Updated text in parts of Clause 4
h) Addition of the following test methods:
IEC TS 60695-11-21
IEC 60684-2:2011, Clause 26
ISO 3582
ISO 9772
ISO 9773
ISO 12992
ISO 21367
i) New Clause 5 and Table 4 giving an overview of test methods
j) Deletion of all the Annexes
k) Updated bibliography
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
89/1469/CDV 89/1505/RVC
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement,
available at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by
IEC are described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60695 series, published under the general title Fire hazard testing,
can be found on the IEC website.
This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-1.
In this standard, the following print types are used:
terms referred to in Clause 3: in italic type.
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SIST EN IEC 60695-9-2:2021
IEC 60695-9-2:2021 © IEC 2021 – 5 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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INTRODUCTION
In the design of an electrotechnical product, the risk of fire and the potential hazards
associated with fire need to be considered. In this respect the objective of component, circuit
and equipment design, as well as the choice of materials, is to reduce the risk of fire to a
tolerable level even in the event of reasonably foreseeable (mis)use, malfunction or failure.
1
IEC 60695-1-10, IEC 60695-1-11 [1] , and IEC 60695-1-12 [2] provide guidance on how this is
to be accomplished.
Fires involving electrotechnical products can also be initiated from external non-electrical
sources. Considerations of this nature are dealt with in an overall fire hazard assessment.
The aim of the IEC 60695 series of standards is to save lives and property by reducing the
number of fires or reducing the consequences of the fire. This can be accomplished by:
• trying to prevent ignition caused by an electrically energised component part and, in the
event of ignition, to confine any resulting fire within the bounds of the enclosure of the
electrotechnical product;
• trying to minimise flame spread beyond the product’s enclosure and to minimise the
harmful effects of fire effluents including heat, smoke, and toxic or corrosive combustion
products.
Fire hazard increases as the burning area increases, leading in some cases to flashover and
a fully developed fire. This is a typical fire scenario in buildings. It is therefore useful to
measure the rate and extent of the surface spread of flame.
This part of IEC 60695-9 describes surface spread of flame test methods in common use to
assess electrotechnical products or materials used in electrotechnical products. It forms part
of the IEC 60695-9 series which gives guidance to product committees wishing to incorporate
test methods for surface spread of flame in product standards.
___________
1
Numbers in square brackets refer to the bibliography.
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IEC 60695-9-2:2021 © IEC 2021 – 7 –
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 9-2: Surface spread of flame –
Summary and relevance of test methods
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60695-9 presents a summary of published test methods that are used to
determine the surface spread of flame of electrotechnical products or materials from which
they are formed.
It represents the current state of the art of the test methods and, where available, includes
special observations on their relevance and use.
The list of test methods is not to be considered exhaustive, and test methods that were not
developed by the IEC are not to be considered as endorsed by the IEC unless this is
specifically stated.
This summary cannot be used in place of published standards which are the only valid
reference documents.
This basic safety publication is intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of
standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and
ISO/IEC Guide 51.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of
basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications. The requirements, test
methods or test conditions of this basic safety publication will not apply unless specifically
referred to or included in the relevant publications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60695-1-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-10: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of
electrotechnical products – General guidelines
IEC 60695-4:2012, Fire hazard testing – Part 4: Terminology concerning fire tests for
electrotechnical products
IEC 60695-9-1, Fire hazard testing – Part 9-1: Surface spread of flame – General guidance
IEC GUIDE 104, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety
publications and group safety publications
ISO/IEC Guide 51, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards
ISO 13943:2017, Fire Safety – Vocabulary
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ISO 19706:2011, Guidelines for assessing the fire threat to people.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60695-4:2012 and
ISO 13943:2017 (some of which are reproduced below) and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
burned length
maximum extent in a specified direction of the burned area
Note 1 to entry: The typical unit is m.
Note 2 to entry: Compare with the term damaged length (3.5).
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.37]
3.2
char length
length of charred area
Note 1 to entry: Compare with the terms burned length (3.1) and damaged length (3.5).
Note 2 to entry: In some standards, char length is defined by a specific test method.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.49]
3.3
combustible, noun
item capable of combustion (3.4)
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.53]
3.4
combustion
exothermic reaction of a substance with an oxidizing agent
Note 1 to entry: Combustion generally emits fire effluent accompanied by flames (3.11) and/or glowing.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.55]
3.5
damaged length
maximum extent in a specified direction of the damaged area
Note 1 to entry: Compare with the terms char length (3.2) and burned length (3.1)
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.73]
3.6
fire
〈general〉 process of combustion (3.4) characterized by the emission of heat and fire effluent
and usually accompanied by smoke, flame (3.11), glowing or a combination thereof
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IEC 60695-9-2:2021 © IEC 2021 – 9 –
Note 1 to entry: In the English language the term “fire” is used to designate three concepts, two of which relate to
specific types of self-supporting combustion with different meanings. Of these three, two of them are designated
using two different terms in both French and German.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.114]
3.7
fire
〈controlled〉 self-supporting combustion (3.4) that has been deliberately arranged to provide
useful effects and is limited in its extent in time and space
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.115]
3.8
fire
〈uncontrolled〉 self-supporting combustion (3.4) that has not been deliberately arranged to
provide useful effects and is not limited in its extent in time and space
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.116]
3.9
fire hazard
potential for harm associated with fire (3.8)
Note 1 to entry: Alternatively, fire hazard can be a physical object or condition with a potential for an undesirable
consequence from fire.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.131]
3.10
fire scenario
qualitative description of the course of a fire (3.8) with respect to time, identifying key events
that characterize the studied fire and differentiate it from other possible fires
Note 1 to entry: It typically defines the ignition (3.18) and fire growth processes, the fully developed fire (3.16)
stage, the fire decay stage, and the environment and systems that impact on the course of the fire.
Note 2 to entry: Unlike deterministic fire analysis, where fire scenarios are individually selected and used as
design fire scenarios, in fire risk assessment, fire scenarios are used as representative fire scenarios within fire
scenario clusters.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.152, modified – Note 1 removed as not relevant]
3.11
flame, noun
zone in which there is rapid, self-sustaining, sub-sonic propagation of combustion (3.4) in a
gaseous medium, usually with emission of light
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.159 – modified by the addition of “zone in which
there is”]
3.12
flame front
boundary of flaming combustion at the surface of a material or propagating through a gaseous
mixture
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.162]
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3.13
flame spread
propagation of a flame front (3.12)
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.168]
3.14
flame-spread rate
DEPRECATED: burning rate
DEPRECATED: rate of burning
distance travelled by a flame front (3.12) during its propagation, divided by the time of travel,
under specified conditions
-1
Note 1 to entry: The typical unit is m.s .
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.169]
3.15
flashover
〈stage of fire〉 transition to a state of total surface involvement in a fire (3.8) of combustible
materials within an enclosure
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.184]
3.16
fully developed fire
state of total involvement of combustible materials in a fire (3.6)
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.192]
3.17
heat release rate
DEPRECATED: burning rate
DEPRECATED: rate of burning
rate of thermal energy production generated by combustion (3.4)
Note 1 to entry: The typical unit is W.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.206]
3.18
ignition
DEPRECATED: sustained ignition
〈general〉 initiation of combustion (3.4)
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.217]
3.19
ignition source
source of energy that initiates combustion (3.4)
[SOURCE: ISO 13943: 2017, definition 3.219]
3.20
intermediate-scale fire test
fire test performed on a test specimen of medium dimensions
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Note 1 to entry: A fire test performed on a test specimen for which the maximum dimension is between 1 m and
3 m is usually called an intermediate-scale fire test.
Note 2 to entry: The dimensions in Note 1 to entry usually refer to reaction-to-fire testing and not to fire
resistance testing.
Note 3 to entry:
...
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