SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
(Main)Air quality - Determination of time-averaged mass emissions and emission factors - General approach (ISO 11771:2010)
Air quality - Determination of time-averaged mass emissions and emission factors - General approach (ISO 11771:2010)
This EN standard is intended to assist users:
- Prepare emissions inventories of time averaged mass emissions into the air.
- Determine mass emissions factors in support of emission trading.
- Report the time averaged mass emissions of pollutants from industrial installations for reporting to Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers.
The Standard will cover (or include by reference): Planning and executing a suitable measurement programme, sampling, choice of equipment, the calculation of representative emissions rates, the selection of matching activity data, the determination of uncertainty, and the reporting of information in a form that is suitable for calculating emissions factors.
Guidance will be given for:
- Generating time averaged mass emissions rate data for a defined period,
- Generating complete data sets by: filling gaps in emissions rate data series, compensating for incomplete data sets, and combining data sets numerically.
- Aggregating empirical data representative of a reporting class.
Calculating emissions factors with a specified time constant.
Luftbeschaffenheit - Ermittlung von zeitlich gemittelten Massenemissionen und Emissionsfaktoren - Allgemeine Vorgehensweise (ISO 11771:2010)
Diese Internationale Norm legt allgemeine Verfahren fest zur Ermittlung und Meldung von zeitlich gemittelten
Massenemissionen einer bestimmten Anlage oder einer Gruppe von Anlagen (oder eines gemeinsamen
Quelltyps) unter Verwendung von messtechnisch ermittelten Daten und durch Bereitstellung von
- Emissionsmassenströmen durch gleichzeitige Messung der Konzentration und des Gasvolumenstroms
mit standardisierten manuellen oder kontinuierlichen Verfahren und die Schätzung der Unsicherheit der
Messung,
- zeitlich gemittelten Emissionsmassenströmen auf der Basis von Zeitreihen der Werte der
Emissionsmassenströme, ihrer Unsicherheitskenngrößen und der Ermittlung der erweiterten Unsicherheit
des Mittelwertes,
- zeitlich gemittelten Emissionsfaktoren für eine bestimmte Anlage oder Gruppe von Anlagen und ihre
zugehörigen Unsicherheitskenngrößen und
- einem Qualitätsmanagementsystem zur Unterstützung der Qualitätssicherung und Überprüfung von
Katastern.
Diese Internationale Norm ist anwendbar bei der Ermittlung von Emissionsfaktoren oder der
Emissionsminderungseffizienz (gleichzeitig und der Reihe nach) von stationären Quellen einschließlich der
Emissionen von industriellen Prozessen, wo die Berechnung auf der Basis von Brennstoff und Einsatzstoff
nicht praktikabel ist, von Treibhausgasen und luftverunreinigenden Stoffen einschließlich Feinstaub. Diese
Norm behandelt nicht die Überprüfung auf Einhaltung im Sinne von Verordnungen zur
Emissionsüberwachung.
Diese Internationale Norm erfordert den Einsatz von messtechnischen Verfahren und von mathematischen
Verfahren, die die Messdaten verwenden. Sie beinhaltet die Planung und Durchführung von
Messprogrammen zur Gewinnung der Daten, die Auswahl der Messverfahren, die Berechnung der
Ergebnisse, die Schätzung der Unsicherheit, die Ermittlung von Emissionsfaktoren und die Berichterstattung
in einer Form, die dem Nutzer die Verwendung der Informationen erlaubt.
Qualité de l'air - Détermination de la moyenne temporelle des émissions en masse et des facteurs d'émission - Approche générale (ISO 11771:2010)
L'ISO 11771:2010 spécifie une méthode générique pour la détermination des émissions massiques moyennées dans le temps émises par une installation spécifique ou une famille d'installations (ou un type de source commune), à l'aide de données collectées par des mesurages et en établissant les taux d'émission massique grâce au mesurage simultané de la concentration et du débit de gaz, à l'aide de méthodes normalisées manuelles ou automatiques, ainsi que l'estimation de l'incertitude relative aux mesurages, les taux d'émission massique moyennés dans le temps à l'aide de séries temporelles de valeurs de taux d'émission massique, des caractéristiques de leur incertitude ainsi que de la détermination de l'incertitude élargie de la moyenne, les facteurs d'émission moyennés dans le temps relatifs à une installation spécifique ou à une famille d'installations ainsi que les caractéristiques de l'incertitude qui leur est associée et un système de management de la qualité destiné à assister le processus de vérification et d'assurance de la qualité de l'inventaire.
L'ISO 11771:2010 s'applique à la détermination des facteurs d'émission provenant de sources fixes, y compris en ce qui concerne les émissions provenant de processus industriels où le calcul à partir des combustibles et des matières premières s'avère difficile à faire, des gaz à effet de serre et des polluants de l'air, y compris les particules fines. L'ISO 11771:2010 ne traite pas du contrôle de la conformité aux réglementations applicables au contrôle des émissions.
L'ISO 11771:2010 implique l'utilisation de méthodes fondées sur le mesurage et sur des calculs utilisant des données du mesure. Elle traite de la planification et de l'exécution du programme de mesure afin de recueillir des données, choisir les méthodes d'échantillonnage, calculer les résultats, estimer l'incertitude, déterminer les facteurs d'émission et consigner les informations sous forme d'un rapport permettant aux utilisateurs de les appliquer. L'ISO 11771:2010 spécifie comment générer des données relatives aux taux d'émission massique moyennés dans le temps, d'une qualité connue, pour une période de temps définie et un ensemble documenté de conditions de fonctionnement, comment générer des ensembles de données complets représentatifs d'une période de temps connue (c'est-à-dire une année calendaire) en comblant les écarts dans les séries de données sur les taux d'émission massique et en combinant numériquement les ensembles de données, comment calculer des facteurs d'émission pendant une période de temps donnée et comment calculer les facteurs d'émission moyennés dans le temps d'une qualité connue pour un type de source connu.
Le mesurage des émissions depuis des sources mobiles, étendues ou diffuses n'est pas spécifiquement abordé. Cependant, l'ISO 11771:2010 peut être utilisée afin de quantifier les facteurs d'émission relatifs à ces sources à condition que les mesurages des émissions soient disponibles.
L'ISO 11771:2010 n'inclut pas de manière explicite les modes opératoires de mesure dont la description complète figure dans les normes publiées indiquées dans les Références normatives ou dans la Bibliographie. Elle ne fournit aucun conseil relatif à la production de statistiques d'activité.
Kakovost zraka - Določevanje časovno povprečenih masnih emisij in emisijskih faktorjev - Splošni pristop (ISO 11771:2010)
Ta standard EN je namenjen uporabnikom kot pomoč pri:
- Pripravi popisa emisij časovno povprečenih emisij v zrak.
- Določevanju masnih emisijskih faktorjev pri trgovanju z emisijami.
- Poročanju o časovno povprečenih masnih emisijah onesnaževal iz industrijskih inštalacij za poročanje v registre izpustov in prenosov onesnaževal.
Standard zajema (ali vključuje s sklicevanjem): Načrtovanje in izvajanje primernega programa merjenja, vzorčenje, izbiro opreme, izračun reprezentativnih stopenj emisij, izbiro ustreznih podatkov o aktivnosti, določevanje negotovosti in poročanje o informacijah v obliki, primerni za izračun emisijskih faktorjev.
Podano je vodilo za:
- Oblikovanje podatkov o stopnjah časovno povprečenih masnih emisij za določeno obdobje.
- Oblikovanje popolnih podatkovnih naborov z: zapolnjevanjem vrzeli v serijah podatkov o stopnjah emisij, nadomeščanjem nepopolnih podatkovnih naborov in številčnim kombiniranjem podatkovnih naborov.
- Združevanje empiričnih podatkov, reprezentativnih za razred poročanja.
- Izračun emisijskih faktorjev z opredeljeno časovno konstanto.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
01-december-2011
.DNRYRVW]UDND'RORþHYDQMHþDVRYQRSRYSUHþHQLKPDVQLKHPLVLMLQHPLVLMVNLK
IDNWRUMHY6SORãQLSULVWRS ,62
Air quality - Determination of time-averaged mass emissions and emission factors -
General approach (ISO 11771:2010)
Luftbeschaffenheit - Ermittlung von zeitlich gemittelten Massenemissionen und
Emissionsfaktoren - Allgemeine Vorgehensweise (ISO 11771:2010)
Qualité de l'air - Détermination de la moyenne temporelle des émissions en masse et
des facteurs d'émission - Approche générale (ISO 11771:2010)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 11771:2010
ICS:
13.040.01 Kakovost zraka na splošno Air quality in general
SIST EN ISO 11771:2011 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
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SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 11771
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2010
ICS 13.040.01
English Version
Air quality - Determination of time-averaged mass emissions and
emission factors - General approach (ISO 11771:2010)
Qualité de l'air - Détermination de la moyenne temporelle Luftbeschaffenheit - Ermittlung von zeitlich gemittelten
des émissions massiques et des facteurs d'émission - Massenemissionen und Emissionsfaktoren - Allgemeine
Approche générale (ISO 11771:2010) Vorgehensweise (ISO 11771:2010)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 November 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 11771:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
EN ISO 11771:2010 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
EN ISO 11771:2010 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 11771:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 146 “Air quality”.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by June 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
3
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SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
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SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11771
First edition
2010-12-15
Air quality — Determination of time-
averaged mass emissions and emission
factors — General approach
Qualité de l'air — Détermination de la moyenne temporelle des
émissions massiques et des facteurs d'émission — Approche générale
Reference number
ISO 11771:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
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SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
ISO 11771:2010(E)
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
ISO 11771:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Terms and definitions .2
3 Symbols and abbreviated terms .3
4 Principle .3
5 Determination of mass emission rates .4
5.1 Planning .4
5.2 Measurements .5
5.3 Calculation of mass emission rates .6
5.4 Determination of time-averaged mass emission rates.7
5.5 Uncertainty estimation.7
6 Activity data .9
6.1 Collection of activity data.9
6.2 Activity data uncertainty.9
7 Determination of time-averaged mass emission factors .10
7.1 General .10
7.2 Calculating the time-averaged emission factor .10
7.3 Uncertainty of the time-averaged emission factor.10
7.4 Aggregating emission factors.11
7.5 Uncertainty estimation of aggregates of emission factors.11
8 Quality management system requirements.11
9 Reporting.12
9.1 General .12
9.2 Test report.12
Annex A (normative) Minimum requirements for the measurement plan.13
Annex B (informative) Example of uncertainty estimation.16
Annex C (informative) Data manipulation.21
Bibliography.22
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
ISO 11771:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 11771 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 264, Air quality, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee
SC 4, General aspects, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
ISO 11771:2010(E)
Introduction
This Intenational Standard describes the measurement procedures necessary to determine the mass
emission of substances from stationary sources. Empirically generated data are necessary to determine the
uncertainty that can be associated with a stated result and to enable the verification of emission measurement
reports.
This Intenational Standard also describes the measurement procedures necessary to determine emission
factors. An emission factor is a value that relates the quantity of a pollutant released with an activity
associated with the release of that pollutant. Emission factors are useful when the operational conditions and
time period for which they are representative is known.
Emission factors are used to calculate and report mass emissions for both emission inventory and non-
inventory uses. Inventory uses can include:
⎯ emission trading;
⎯ compiling polluting release and transfer registers;
⎯ air quality modelling;
⎯ air quality management;
⎯ compliance with national emission limits.
Non-inventory uses can include:
⎯ developing site-specific emission estimates;
⎯ developing control strategies;
⎯ risk assessments;
⎯ deciding appropriate permit limits.
The most commonly used methodology for compiling an emission inventory is to combine information on the
extent to which an activity takes place (quantified by activity data a) with representative values of the
emissions or removals per unit activity, called emission factor F. The basic equation providing the emission as
&
a mass emission rate m is given by
&
m = aF
The basic equation can be modified in some circumstances to include, for instance, emission reduction
efficiency (abatement) factors.
NOTE 1 Countries compiling inventories for reporting emissions under international agreements use methodologies
agreed upon by convention {e.g. UN FCCC, UN ECE Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (Reference [31]), or the
UN ECE Aarhus Convention}. A common feature of all these conventions is a requirement to use good practice
methodologies when estimating and reporting emissions. This is particularly important when providing emission estimates
for base year emission inventories used in policy instruments. Good practice is usually taken to mean the use of
procedures that ensure inventories are accurate (i.e. without bias) in the sense that they are systematically neither over-
nor underestimates so far as can be judged, and that uncertainties are reduced so far as possible. Good practice guidance
does not usually specify how to establish emission factors or what information should be reported and be available to
allow broad application of emission factors. It is the goal of this International Standard to close this gap, to increase the
quality of emission inventories and to improve efficiency.
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SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
ISO 11771:2010(E)
Emission factors published in most compilations typically are:
⎯ arithmetic averages of available source emission measurement data;
⎯ based on a limited number of emission measurements;
⎯ representative of a restricted period of process operating time;
⎯ representative of a limited range of process operating conditions;
⎯ representative of a limited sample of process units commonly used.
Emission factors are numerical estimates with uncertainties that can include systematic and random
components, e.g. measurement uncertainty, fluctuations in pollutant emission control efficiency, and variability
in process operation. The numerical uncertainty associated with a particular emission factor, for a single
source, can be estimated provided that there is sufficient, high quality, source test data to estimate statistically
the underlying variability of the more important influencing factors. Uncertainty also arises from the use of an
emission factor applicable to one activity, process, technology or installation being used to represent a
situation for which it is unsuitable. In many cases, it is not possible to quantify the uncertainty introduced
through inappropriate use of emission factors, and this situation is discouraged.
Emission factors should be used with caution. Alternative means exist for estimating emissions that can be
more appropriate under some circumstances.
A material balance can provide an adequate quantification of emissions in situations where a high percentage
of material is lost to the atmosphere (e.g. carbon and sulfur in fuel, solvent loss in an uncontrolled coating
process). Material or mass balance determinations can also account for fugitive emissions not easily
measured otherwise. In contrast, material balances may be inappropriate where material is consumed or
chemically combined in the process, or where losses to the atmosphere are a small portion of the total
process throughput.
Data from frequent and representative source-specific emissions measurements or continuous emission
monitoring systems can provide measures of actual pollutant emissions from a source.
Site-specific measurement data from a limited number of emissions measurements, while improving the
certainty of the emission data, represent only the conditions existing at the time of the testing or monitoring.
To improve the estimate of longer-term (e.g. daily, monthly, yearly) emissions, conditions under which tests
occur should be representative of the source's expected range of operations.
NOTE 2 Even in the absence of representative source-specific data, emission information from process control
technique and abatement system vendors, particularly emission performance guarantees or emission measurement data
from similar equipment can still be a better source of information than source-category emission factors.
This International Standard requires the use of supporting standards not all of which are yet available.
vi © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11771:2010(E)
Air quality — Determination of time-averaged mass emissions
and emission factors — General approach
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a generic method for the determination and the reporting of time-
averaged mass emissions from a specific installation or of a family of installations (or common source type),
using data collected by measurements, and by establishing:
⎯ mass emission rates by the simultaneous measurement of concentration and gas flow, using
standardized manual or automatic methods, and also the estimation of the uncertainty of the
measurements;
⎯ time-averaged mass emission rates using time series of mass emission rate values, their uncertainty
characteristics, and also the determination of the expanded uncertainty of the average;
⎯ time-averaged emission factors for a specific installation or of a family of installations and their associated
uncertainty characteristics;
⎯ a quality management system to assist the process of inventory quality assurance and verification.
This International Standard is applicable to the determination of emission factors for stationary sources
including emissions from industrial processes where calculation from fuel and raw material is not practical, for
greenhouse gases, and air pollutants including fine particulate material. This International Standard does not
address compliance monitoring in the context of emission control regulations.
This International Standard requires the use of measurement-based methods and calculation-based methods
that use measurement data. It covers the planning and execution of the measurement programme to collect
data, selection of sampling methods, calculation of results, estimation of uncertainty, determination of
emission factors, and the reporting of information in a form that enables users to apply them. This
International Standard specifies how to:
⎯ generate time-averaged mass emission rate data of a known quality, for a defined period of time, and a
documented set of operational conditions;
⎯ generate complete data sets representative of a known time period (i.e. a calendar year) by filling gaps in
mass emission rate data series and combining data sets numerically;
NOTE 1 Time series data can be available for only a limited elapsed period (i.e. weeks, months, or years) and can be
available only for a discrete process whereas inventories can be necessary which average over a different period (i.e. for a
calendar year).
⎯ calculate emission factors for a known time period;
⎯ calculate time-averaged emission factors of a known quality for a known source type.
The measurement of emissions from vehicular, area or fugitive sources is not specifically covered. However,
this International Standard can be used for quantification of emission factors for those sources provided that
measurements of emissions are available.
NOTE 2 Emission fluxes from fugitive and area sources can be directly measured using optical open-path techniques.
The results from these measurements can be treated in an analogous way to the measurements described in this
International Standard to determine time-averaged emissions and emission factors.
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SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
ISO 11771:2010(E)
This International Standard does not explicitly include measurement procedures that are fully described in the
referenced standards. Neither does it provide advice on the generation of activity statistics.
[5] [6]
This International Standard is compatible with ISO 14064-1 and ISO 14064-3 .
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
emission factor
ratio of the rate at which an air pollutant is emitted as a result of some activity, to the rate of that activity
[2]
NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 4225:1994 , 3.31.
EXAMPLE The mass, in kilograms, of particulate emitted per tonne of coal burned, the mass, in kilograms, of NO
x
per tonne of clinker produced in a country per year, or the mass, in tonnes, of CO emitted per megajoule of energy
2
produced.
NOTE 2 Since data are usually derived for a limited range of operating conditions or periods, the conditions or periods
over which an emission factor can be considered typical or applicable are needed (see 5.2.2).
NOTE 3 Emissions refer to the set of individual substances that are emitted.
NOTE 4 An emission factor differs from a mass emission rate, the latter has specific dimensions of mass divided by
time.
2.2
good practice
set of procedures intended to ensure that reported emissions are accurate (i.e. without bias) in the sense that
they are systematically neither over- nor underestimates as far as can be judged, and that uncertainties are
reduced as far as possible
2.3
measurand
particular quantity subject to measurement
[3]
[ISO 9169:2006 , 2.1.11]
2.4
measurement system
complete set of measurement instrumentation and associated equipment used for the determination of a
specified measurand
2.5
measurement plan
document describing the data collection methodology to be used for a particular installation, the type and
quantity of data to be collected, the data processing, the quality system to be adopted, and the processes to
be used to estimate measurement uncertainty
NOTE The measurement plan describes any provisions specific either to periodic determinations of mass emissions
or emission factors by a test laboratory or to continuous mass flow measurements made by the operator of an installation.
2.6
test
technical operation that consists of the determination of one or more characteristics of a given product,
process or service in accordance with a procedure
NOTE 1 For emission measurements, a test consists of series of measurements of one measurand or of combined
measurements of several measurands.
NOTE 2 A valid test is often specified as a number of measurements (usually not less than three) that is indicative of
the process emission under observation.
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SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
ISO 11771:2010(E)
3 Symbols and abbreviated terms
AMS automated measuring system
A cross-sectional area of the sampling plane
a activity data
ea() sensitivity coefficient of the time-averaged activity rate
&
em() sensitivity coefficient of the time-averaged mass emission rate
F emission factor
&
m mass emission rate
p confidence level
U (y) expanded uncertainty of a measurand y at confidence level p
p
ua() uncertainty of the time-averaged activity rate
&
um() uncertainty of the time-averaged mass emission rate
u(y) standard uncertainty of a measurand y
&
V volume flow rate
v flue gas velocity
y measurand
γ mass concentration
m
4 Principle
&
The mass emission rate, m , is calculated by multiplying a measured (or calculated) mass concentration, γ ,
m
&
by a measured (or calculated on the basis of measurements) volume flow rate, V , of the flue gas, with both
being representative of the same period of time and calculated for the same reference conditions (temperature,
pressure, water vapour and oxygen content), by Equation (1):
&
&
m = γ V (1)
m
The time-averaged emission factor, F, of a measured component is generated by dividing the mass emission
&
rate, m , of the activity by a measure of the activity associated with the release (activity data a), with both the
mass emission rate and the activity data being representative of the same period of time. The basic equation
used is given by Equation (2):
&
m
F= (2)
a
Time-averaged emission factors are calculated by dividing suitably averaged mass emission rates by a
measure of the activity rate representative of the same time period. Time-averaged mass emission rates and
emission factors are quoted with the associated relevant information that describes the operational conditions
and time period for which they are representative.
The determination of the relevant measured input quantities for the calculation requires a documented
measurement plan.
The uncertainty of the mass emission rate and emission factors is determined by estimating the uncertainty of
both the measurement and the activity data.
NOTE Annex B provides additional information on the principles fundamental to ensuring that mass emission data
reported for inventory purposes give a true and fair account.
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SIST EN ISO 11771:2011
ISO 11771:2010(E)
5 Determination of mass emission rates
5.1 Planning
5.1.1 General
Before data collection commences, prepare a measurement plan that specifies the minimum data quality
requirements. The measurement plan shall also include:
a) measurement objectives including data quality objectives;
b) data collection and measurement methods to be used;
c) type, quality, and quantity of data to be collected;
d) data-processing procedures to be used to determine the time-averaged mass emission, emission factors
and associated uncertainties;
e) quality management system requirements;
f) any associated procedures that can be required to ensure that data quality meets the specified data
quality objectives;
g) reporting procedures.
The details that shall be included in the measurement plan are listed in Annex A.
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NOTE General guidance on the measurement plan is available, e.g. in EN 15259 .
5.1.2 Type and quantity of data to be collected
Emission data and activity data, if required, shall be collected over the time period specified in the
measurement objective. The data shall conform to the uncertainty requirements, the other data quality
requirements specified in the quality management system, and the data-processing procedures to be used, as
specified in the measurement plan.
NOTE 1 The time period for mass emissions is typically 6 months or a year. The time period over which emission
factors are determined can depend on the time period of available activity data.
Take measurements for a known time period when the installation is operating within the known operational
bounds set in the measurement plan.
The measurements should be made at measurement sites where the data are representative of the normal
variation of the installation or process emission. The documentation accompanying the monitoring plan should
indicate how the minimum number of sampling points to be used for each parameter measured is to be
decided and how these are to be selected.
When determining the concentration of a measured component for a known time interval (i.e. by periodic
measurement), also measure the volume flow rate or any associated measurands necessary to compute the
mass emission rate.
NOTE 2 The time interval can be regular (e.g. once per month) or irregular. Measurands can inc
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