SIST EN 60110-1:1999
(Main)Power capacitors for induction heating installations -- Part 1: General
Power capacitors for induction heating installations -- Part 1: General
Is applicable both to indoor capacitor units and indoor capacitor banks intended to be used, particularly, for power factor correction in induction heating, melting, stirring or casting installations, and similar applications with controlled or adjustable a.c. voltage systems in a frequency range up to 50 kHz, and with a rated voltage not exceeding 3,6 kV.
Leistungskondensatoren für induktive Erwärmungsanlagen -- Teil 1: Allgemeines
Condensateurs de puissance pour les installations de génération de chaleur par induction -- Partie 1: Généralités
S'applique aux condensateurs unitaires de type intérieur et aux batteries de condensateurs de type intérieur, destinés plus particulièrement à améliorer le facteur de puissance dans les installations de génération de chaleur par induction, les installations de fusion, de brassage, de coulage et les applications similaires. Ces installations sont alimentées par une tension alternative contrôlée ou réglable dans une gamme de fréquences allant jusqu'à 50 kHz et avec une tension assignée ne dépassant pas 3,6 kV.
Power capacitors for inductive heating installation (IEC 60110-1:1998)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60110-1:1999
01-julij-1999
Power capacitors for inductive heating installation (IEC 60110-1:1998)
Power capacitors for induction heating installations -- Part 1: General
Leistungskondensatoren für induktive Erwärmungsanlagen -- Teil 1: Allgemeines
Condensateurs de puissance pour les installations de génération de chaleur par
induction -- Partie 1: Généralités
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60110-1:1998
ICS:
31.060.70 0RþQRVWQLNRQGHQ]DWRUML Power capacitors
SIST EN 60110-1:1999 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
NORME
CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
60110-1
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
1998-06
Condensateurs de puissance
pour les installations de génération de chaleur
par induction –
Partie 1:
Généralités
Power capacitors for induction
heating installations –
Part 1:
General
IEC 1998 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photo- including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in
copie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, Switzerland
Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site http: //www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
PRICE CODE U
International Electrotechnical Commission
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
60110-1 IEC:1998 – 3 –
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . 7
Clause
1 General. 9
1.1 Scope and object . 9
1.2 Normative references. 11
1.3 Definitions. 11
1.4 Service conditions. 17
2 Quality requirements and tests . 19
2.1 Test requirements . 19
2.2 Classification of tests . 21
2.3 Capacitance measurement. 23
2.4 Measurement of the tangent of the loss angle (tan δ) of a capacitor . 23
2.5 Voltage test between terminals (routine test) . 25
2.6 Voltage test between terminals and container . 25
2.7 Test on internal discharge device . 27
2.8 Sealing test. 27
2.9 Thermal stability test . 27
2.10 Capacitor losses test. 31
2.11 Capacitance as a function of temperature. 33
2.12 Sealing test of cooling ducts, if any. 33
2.13 Self-healing test (for self-healing metallized dielectric capacitors). 35
2.14 Short-circuit discharge test. 35
2.15 Ageing test (see IEC 60110-2). 35
2.16 Destruction test (see IEC 60110-2). 35
2.17 Disconnecting tests on internal fuses, if any (see IEC 60110-2) . 35
3 Overloads . 37
3.1 Maximum permissible voltage. 37
3.2 Switching voltages . 37
3.3 Maximum permissible current. 37
4 Safety requirements . 39
4.1 Creepage distances . 39
4.2 Discharge device . 39
4.3 Container connections. 39
4.4 Protection of the environment. 39
4.5 Additional safety requirements . 39
5 Markings . 41
5.1 Marking of the capacitor unit . 41
5.2 Marking of the bank . 43
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
60110-1 IEC:1998 – 5 –
Clause Page
6 Guide for installation and operation . 43
6.1 General. 43
6.2 Measures to obtain adequate cooling. 43
6.3 Choice of rated voltage, current and output . 45
6.4 Capacitors for frequent switching on load . 45
6.5 Choice of switchgear and switching methods for switching on load. 45
6.6 Switching of capacitors with fuses . 47
6.7 Operation with varying frequency. 49
6.8 Choice of the highest voltage for equipment of a capacitor bank . 49
6.9 Shunt capacitors connected in series . 49
6.10 Series capacitors . 49
6.11 Connecting leads . 49
6.12 Live parts along water supply . 51
6.13 Post insulators . 51
6.14 Danger of freezing for water cooled capacitors . 51
Annex A (normative) Methods of measuring the losses on air-cooled self-and
forced-ventilated capacitors . 53
Annex B (informative) Formulae for capacitors and installations. . 55
Annex C (informative) Bibliography . 59
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
60110-1 IEC:1998 – 7 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
––––––––––
POWER CAPACITORS FOR INDUCTION
HEATING INSTALLATIONS –
Part 1: General
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60110-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 33: Power
capacitors.
This first edition cancels and replaces IEC 60110, published in 1973, of which it constitutes a
technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
33/289/FDIS 33/291/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
Annex A forms an integral part of this standard.
Annexes B and C are for information only.
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
60110-1 IEC:1998 – 9 –
POWER CAPACITORS FOR INDUCTION
HEATING INSTALLATIONS –
Part 1: General
1 General
1.1 Scope and object
This part of IEC 60110 is applicable both to indoor capacitor units and indoor capacitor banks
intended to be used, particularly, for power factor correction in induction heating, melting,
stirring or casting installations, and similar applications with controlled or adjustable a.c.
voltage systems in a frequency range up to 50 kHz, and with a rated voltage not exceeding 3,6
kV.
Additional requirements for capacitors protected by internal element fuses are given in
IEC 60110-2.
The following capacitors are excluded from this standard:
– series capacitors for power systems (see IEC 60143);
– capacitors for motor applications and the like (see IEC 60252);
– coupling capacitors and capacitor dividers (see IEC 60358);
– shunt power capacitors of the self-healing type for a.c. systems having a rated voltage up to
and including 1 000 V (see IEC 60831);
– shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage above 1 000 V (see
IEC 60871);
– shunt capacitors of the non-self-healing type for a.c. systems having a rated voltage up to
and including 1 000 V (see IEC 60931);
– small a.c. capacitors to be used for fluorescent and discharge lamps (see IEC 61048 and
IEC 61049);
– capacitors to be used in power electronic circuits (see IEC 61071);
– capacitors for microwave ovens (see IEC 61270);
– capacitors for suppression of radio interference (under consideration);
– capacitors intended for use with d.c. voltage superimposed on the a.c. voltage.
Accessories such as insulators, switches, instrument transformers, fuses, etc., shall be in
accordance with the relevant IEC standards.
The object of this standard is:
a) to formulate uniform rules regarding performance, testing and rating;
b) to formulate specific safety rules;
c) to provide a guide for installation and operation.
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
60110-1 IEC:1998 – 11 –
1.2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in the text,
constitute provisions of this part of IEC 60110. At the time of publication, the editions indicated
were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based
on this part of IEC 60110 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most
recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60050(436):1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 436: Power
capacitors
IEC 60110-2, — Power capacitors for induction heating installations – Part 2: Ageing test,
1)
destruction test and requirements for disconnecting internal fuses
IEC 60143, Series capacitors for power systems
IEC 60831, — Shunt power capacitors of the self-healing type for a.c. systems having a rated
voltage up to and including 1 000 V
IEC 60871, — Shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage above 1 000 V
IEC 60931, — Shunt power capacitors of the non-self-healing type for a.c. systems having a
rated voltage up to and including 1 000 V
IEC 60996:1989, Method for verifying accuracy of tan delta measurements applicable to
capacitors
1.3 Definitions
For the purpose of this part of IEC 60110, the following definitions apply:
1.3.1
(capacitor) element
device consisting essentially of two electrodes separated by a dielectric. [IEV 436-01-03]
1.3.2
(capacitor) unit
assembly of one or more capacitor elements in the same container with terminals brought out.
[IEV 436-01-04]
1.3.3
self-healing capacitor
capacitor the electric properties of which, after local breakdown of the dielectric, are rapidly
and essentially restored. [IEV 436-03-12]
–––––––––
1)
To be published
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
60110-1 IEC:1998 – 13 –
1.3.4
(capacitor) bank
number of capacitor units connected so as to act together. [IEV 436-01-06]
1.3.5
capacitor
in this standard, the word capacitor is used when it is not necessary to lay particular stress
upon the different meanings of the words capacitor unit or capacitor bank.
1.3.6
capacitor installation
one or more capacitor banks and their accessories. [IEV 436-01-07]
1.3.7
discharge device (of a capacitor)
device which may be incorporated in a capacitor, capable of reducing the voltage between the
terminals practically to zero, within a given time, after the capacitor has been disconnected
from a network. [IEV 436-03-15 modified]
1.3.8
internal fuse (of a capacitor)
fuse connected inside a capacitor unit, in series with an element or a group of elements.
[IEV 436-03-16]
1.3.9
overpressure device (of a capacitor)
device designed to give an alarm or to switch off the capacitor in the case of an abnormal
increase of the internal pressure. [IEV 436-03-17 modified]
1.3.10
overtemperature device (of a capacitor)
device designed to give an alarm or to switch off the capacitor in case of an abnormal increase
of the internal temperature.
1.3.11
line terminal
terminal to be connected to the line. [IEV 436-03-01 modified]
1.3.12
rated capacitance (of a capacitor) (C )
N
capacitance value for which the capacitor has been designed. [IEV 436-01-12 modified]
1.3.13
rated output (of a capacitor) (Q )
N
reactive power derived from the rated values of capacitance, frequency and voltage.
[IEV 436-01-16 modified]
1.3.14
rated voltage (of a capacitor) (U )
N
r.m.s. value of the alternating voltage, sinusoidal form, for which the capacitor has been
designed. [IEV 436-01-15 modified]
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
60110-1 IEC:1998 – 15 –
1.3.15
rated frequency (of a capacitor) (f )
N
frequency for which the capacitor has been designed. [IEV 436-01-14]
NOTE – If the capacitor is intended to be used in a range of frequencies, then f is the highest frequency of the
N
range.
1.3.16
rated current (of a capacitor) (I )
N
r.m.s. value of the alternating current, sinusoidal form, for which the capacitor has been
designed. [IEV 436-01-13 modified]
1.3.17
capacitor losses
active power dissipated in the capacitor. [IEV 436-04-10]
NOTE – All loss-producing components should be included, for example:
– for a unit, losses from dielectric, internal fuses, internal discharge resistors, connections, etc.;
– for a bank, losses from unit, external fuses, busbars, discharge resistors, etc.
1.3.18
tangent of the loss angle (of a capacitor)
tan δδ (abbreviation)
ratio between the equivalent series resistance and the capacitive reactance of the capacitor at
specified sinusoidal alternating voltage and frequency. [IEV 436-04-11]
1.3.19
maximum permissible a.c. voltage (of a capacitor) (U )
max
maximum r.m.s. alternating voltage which a capacitor can withstand for a given time in
specified conditions. [IEV 436-04-07 modified]
1.3.20
maximum permissible a.c. current (of a capacitor) (I )
max
maximum r.m.s. alternating current which a capacitor can carry for a given time in specified
conditions. [IEV 436-04-09 modified]
1.3.21
ambient air temperature
air temperature at the proposed location of the capacitor
1.3.22
cooling air temperature
temperature of the cooling air measured at the hottest position in the bank, under steady-state
conditions, midway between two units. If only one unit is involved, it is the temperature
measured at a point approximately 0,1 m away from the capacitor container and two-thirds of
the height from its base.
1.3.23
steady-state condition
thermal equilibrium attained by the capacitor at constant output and at constant cooling
conditions
1.3.24
residual voltage
voltage remaining between the terminals of a capacitor at a given time following disconnection
of the supply
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
60110-1 IEC:1998 – 17 –
1.3.25
highest voltage for equipment (U )
m
r.m.s. value of the sinusoidal voltage for which the insulation between the terminals, joined
together, and the container is designed
NOTE – For additional details, see 6.8.
1.3.26
air temperature around water-cooled capacitors
air temperature measured at the hottest point, 0,05 m above the capacitors, when the
capacitors are in operation
1.3.27
outlet air temperature for forced-ventilated capacitors
temperature of the cooling-air as it leaves the capacitors, measured at the hottest point
1.3.28
inlet air temperature for forced-ventilated capacitors
temperature of the cooling-air measured in the middle of the inlet air channel at a point not
influenced by the heat dissipation of the capacitor
1.3.29
container temperature rise for air-cooled capacitors
difference between the temperature at the hottest point of the container and the temperature of
the cooling-air
1.4 Service conditions
1.4.1 Normal service conditions
This standard gives requirements for capacitors intended for use in the following conditions.
1.4.1.1 Residual voltage at energization
The residual voltage shall not exceed 10 % of the rated voltage (see 1.3.14).
1.4.1.2 Altitude
The altitude shall not exceed 1 000 m.
1.4.1.3 Temperature categories
Capacitors are classified in temperature categories. Each category is characterized by the
lowest temperature of the capacitor at which it may be energized, chosen among the three
values –25 °C, –10 °C, 0 °C and the upper limit of the temperature of the cooling medium, the
value of which is selected from the table below.
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
60110-1 IEC:1998 – 19 –
Table 1 – Upper limits of the temperature of the cooling medium
Maximum temperature of the cooling medium
for unlimited time
°C
Type of cooling Cooling air Outlet temperature of Air temperature around
temperature the cooling medium the capacitor
(1.3.22) (1.3.27) (1.3.26)
AN air cooled 40 – –
self ventilated 45 – –
AF air cooled – 40 –
forced ventilated – 45 –
WF water cooled – 40 50
– 45 –
Unless otherwise agreed, the choice of the method is left to the capacitor manufacturer.
1.4.2 Unusual service conditions
Unless otherwise agreed between manufacturer and purchaser, this standard does not apply to
capacitors, the service conditions of which are incompatible with the requirements of this
standard.
2 Quality requirements and tests
2.1 Test requirements
2.1.1 General
This subclause gives the test requirements for capacitor units and, when specified, for
capacitor elements.
Supporting insulators, switches, instrument transformers, external fuses, etc., shall be in
accordance with the relevant IEC standard.
2.1.2 Test conditions
Unless otherwise specified for a particular test or measurement, the temperature of the
capacitor dielectric shall be in the range +5 °C to +35 °C. When a correction has to be applied,
the reference temperature to be used is +20 °C, unless otherwise agreed between the
manufacturer and the purchaser. It is assumed that the dielectric temperature of the capacitor
unit is the same as the ambient temperature, provided that the capacitor has been left in an
unenergized state in a constant ambient air temperature for an adequate period.
The a.c. tests and measurements shall be carried out at a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz
irrespective of the rated frequency of the capacitor, unless otherwise specified.
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
60110-1 IEC:1998 – 21 –
2.2 Classification of tests
2.2.1 Routine tests
a) Capacitance measurement (see 2.3).
b) Measurement of the tangent of the loss angle (tan δ) of the capacitor (see 2.4).
c) Voltage test between terminals (see 2.5).
d) Voltage test between terminals and container (see 2.6.1).
e) Test on internal discharge device, if any, (see 2.7).
f) Sealing test (see 2.8).
g) Sealing test of cooling ducts, if any, (see 2.12.1).
The test sequence is not necessarily that indicated above.
The routine tests shall be carried out by the manufacturer on every capacitor before delivery. If
the purchaser so requests, he shall be supplied with a certificate detailing the results of such
tests.
2.2.2 Type tests
a) Thermal stability test (see 2.9).
b) Capacitor losses test (see 2.10).
c) Measurement of the capacitance as a function of temperature (see 2.11), if required.
d) Voltage test between terminals and container (see 2.6).
e) Self-healing test for self-healing metallized dielectric capacitors (see 2.13).
f) Short-circuit discharge test (see 2.14).
g) Ageing test ( see IEC 60110-2).
h) Destruction test ( see IEC 60110-2).
i) Disconnecting tests on internal fuses, if any (see IEC 60110-2).
j) Sealing test of cooling ducts, if any (see 2.12.2).
Type tests are carried out in order to ensure that the capacitor unit complies with the specified
characteristics and operation requirements detailed in this standard.
The type test shall be made upon capacitors of a design identical with that of the capacitor to
be supplied or on capacitors of design and processing that do not differ from it in any way that
may influence the properties to be checked by the type test.
It is not essential that all type tests are carried out on the same capacitor unit, they may be
carried out on different units having the same characteristics.
The above list of type tests does not indicate any test sequence.
Unless otherwise specified, every capacitor sample to which it is intended to apply the type
tests shall first have withstood satisfactorily the application of all the routine tests.
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
60110-1 IEC:1998 – 23 –
2.2.3 Acceptance tests
The routine and/or type tests, or some of them, may be repeated by the manufacturer in
connection with any contract and in agreement with the purchaser.
The kind of tests, the number of samples to be subjected to such tests, the acceptance criteria
and the test reports shall be agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser and shall be
stated in the contract.
2.3 Capacitance measurement
2.3.1 Measuring procedure
The capacitance shall be measured at a voltage 0,9 to 1,1 times the rated voltage and at the
power frequency (see 2.1.2), using a method that excludes errors due to harmonics or to
accessories external to the capacitor to be measured, such as reactors and blocking circuits in
the measuring circuit.
Other measuring conditions may be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser, such as the
use of a low-voltage bridge when the capacitor exceeds the power capability of the bridge at
rated voltage. The accuracy of the measuring method and the correlation with the values
measured at the rated voltage and frequency shall be given.
The capacitance measurement shall be carried out after the voltage test between the terminals
(see 2.5).
2.3.2 Capacitance tolerance
The tolerances refer to capacitance values measured under the conditions of 2.3.1.
The capacitance at reference temperature (see 2.1.2) shall not differ from the rated
capacitance by more than:
–5 % to +10 % for units or banks with up to four units;
0 % to +10 % for banks with five or more units.
The sum of the individual capacitances of a multi-terminal capacitor unit shall be within the
tolerance prescribed for capacitor units.
2.4 Measurement of the tangent of the loss angle (tan δδ) of a capacitor
The tangent of the loss angle (tan δ) shall be measured at a voltage 0,9 to 1,1 times the rated
voltage and at the power frequency (see 2.1.2), using a method that excludes errors due to
harmonics or to accessories external to the capacitor to be measured, such as reactors and
blocking circuits in the measuring circuit.
Other measuring conditions may be agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.
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SIST EN 60110-1:1999
60110-1 IEC:1998 – 25 –
The measurement shall be carried out after the voltage test between the terminals (see 2.5).
NOTE 1 – When measuring a large number of small capacitors, statistical sampling may be used for measuring
tan δ. The statistical sampling plan should be agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.
NOTE 2 – The tan δ value of certain types of dielectric is a function of the energization time before the
measurement. Test voltage and energization time should be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.
NOTE 3 – The measuring equipment should be calibrated according to IEC 60996 or to another method giving the
same or a better accuracy.
2.5 Voltage test between terminals (routine test)
Every capacitor shall be subjected to either test 2.5.1 or test 2.5.2. In the absence of an
agreement, the choice is left to the manufacturer.
Self-healing capacitors shall be tested according to 2.5.1. During the test, neither puncture nor
flashover shall occur. In self-healing capacitors, self-healing breakdowns may occur.
2.5.1 AC test
The a.c. test shall be carried out with a substantially sinusoidal voltage, at 2,0 U and at the
N
power frequency for the duration of 10 s.
In case of a multi-section capacitor with a common terminal, each section shall be tested
separately.
For capacitors with internal series connections, no puncture of any internal element and no
operation of an internal fuse is permitted. This can be detected by a preliminary capacitance
measurement, with a reduced voltage not higher than 0,15 U . The repeatibility of the
N
measuring method shall be such that a punctured element or an operated fuse can be
detected.
NOTE – The operation of (an) internal element fuse(s) is (are) permitted, provided that the capacitance tolerances
are still met, that not more than two fuses have operated per unit, and the capacitor has no internal series
connection.
2.5.2 DC test
The d.c. test voltage shall be 4,0 U and the duration 10 s.
N
NOTE – See note in 2.5.1.
2.6 Voltage test between terminals and container
2.6.1 Routine test
Units having all terminals insulated from the container shall be subjected to an a.c. voltage
applied between the terminals (joined together) and the container of 2,15 U (see 1.3.25) at
m
the power frequency (see 2.1.2
...
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