SIST EN 1998-4:2006
(Main)Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 4: Silos, tanks and pipelines
Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 4: Silos, tanks and pipelines
Providing principles and application rules for the seismic design of the structural aspects of integrated facilities composed of pipeline systems and of storage tanks of different types and destinations, as well as for independent items, such as for example single water towers serving a specific purpose or groups of silos enclosing granular materials, etc. This standard may also be used as a basis for evaluating the amount of strengthening needed by existing facilities to bring them up to present standards.
Eurocode 8 - Auslegung von Bauwerken gegen Erdbeben - Teil 4: Silos, Tankbauwerke und Rohrleitungen
(1) Der Anwendungsbereich des Eurocodes 8 wird in EN 1998 1:2004, 1.1.1 festgelegt. Der Anwendungs¬bereich dieser Norm wird in diesem Abschnitt festgelegt. Die zusätzlichen Teile des Eurocodes 8 werden in EN 1998 1:2004, 1.1.3 dargelegt.
(2) Diese Norm enthält Prinzipien und Anwendungsregeln für die seismische Auslegung von aus Rohrleitungssystemen und Lagertanks zusammengesetzten Anlagen, unabhängig von deren Ausbildung und Standort unter konstruktiven Aspekten. Sie kann ebenfalls zur Auslegung von unabhängigen Elementen, wie speziellen Wassertürmen oder Siloanlagen, für granulare Materialien usw. verwendet werden.
(3) Diese Norm enthält die für eine seismische Auslegung dieser Konstruktionen zusätzlichen Kriterien und Regeln. Diese Regeln und Kriterien sind unabhängig von Größe, Konstruktionsart und anderen funktionalen Merkmalen. Für bestimmte Arten von Tanks und Silos werden detaillierte Berechnungs und Nachweisverfahren angegeben.
(4) Diese Norm ist unvollständig für Anlagen mit hohem Risiko für die Bevölkerung oder die Umwelt. Dafür müssen zusätzliche Anforderungen durch entsprechend kompetente Einrichtungen erarbeitet werden. Diese Norm ist ebenso nicht vollständig für Konstruktionen mit ungewöhnlichen Bauelementen und für solche, bei denen spezielle Maßnahmen und Untersuchungen durchgeführt werden müssen, um den Erdbebenschutz sicherzustellen. Für diese zwei Fälle enthält die Norm nur allgemeine Prinzipien und keine detaillierten Anwendungsregeln.
ANMERKUNG Zusätzliche Anforderungen an Einrichtungen, die ein hohes Gefährdungspotential für die Bevölkerung und die Umwelt enthalten, dürfen im Nationalen Anhang festgelegt werden.
(5) Obwohl Rohrleitungen mit großem Durchmesser im Anwendungsbereich dieser Norm sind, sind die entsprechenden Bemessungsregeln nicht anwendbar auf scheinbar ähnliche Konstruktionen wie Tunnel und große unterirdische Kavernen.
Eurocode 8 - Calcul des structures pour leur résistance aux séismes - Partie 4: Silos, réservoirs et canalisations
(1) Le domaine d’application de l'Eurocode 8 est défini au 1.1.1 de l'EN 1998-1:2004, celui de la présente norme est défini dans ce paragraphe. D’autres parties de l'Eurocode 8 sont indiquées au 1.1.3 de l'EN 1998-1:2004.
(2) La présente norme spécifie les principes et les regles d’application pour le calcul sismique sous l'aspect structurel d’installations comprenant des systemes de canalisations aériennes et enterrées , des réservoirs de stockage de types et destinations différents, aussi bien que des ouvrages indépendants, comme par exemple des châteaux d’eau isolés ayant une destination particuliere, ou des groupes de silos contenant des matériaux granulaires, etc.
(3) La présente norme comprend les criteres et les regles supplémentaires prescrites pour le calcul sismique de ces structures, sans restrictions concernant leur dimension, leur type ou autres caractéristiques fonctionnelles. Néanmoins, pour certains types de réservoirs ou de silos, elle fournit également des méthodes détaillées d’évaluation ainsi que des regles de vérification.
(4) La présente norme ne peut etre exhaustive pour le cas d’installations impliquant des risques majeurs pour la population ou pour l’environnement, qui nécessitent des exigences supplémentaires dont la responsabilité incombe aux autorités compétentes. La présente norme est également incomplete pour le cas des ouvrages dont les éléments de structure ne sont pas courants, et qui, pour assurer la protection sismique, impliquent des études et des mesures particulieres. Dans ces deux cas, la présente norme fournit des principes généraux mais pas de regles d’application détaillées.
NOTE L’annexe nationale peut spécifier les exigences supplémentaires pour les installations impliquant des risques majeurs pour la population ou pour l’environnement.
Evrokod 8: Projektiranje potresnoodpornih konstrukcij – 4. del: Silosi, rezervoarji in cevovodi
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 4: Silos, tanks and pipelinesEvrokod 8: Projektiranje potresnoodpornih konstrukcij – 4. del: Silosi, rezervoarji in cevovodiEurocode 8 - Calcul des structures pour leur résistance aux séismes - Partie 4: Silos, réservoirs et canalisationsEurocode 8 - Auslegung von Bauwerken gegen Erdbeben - Teil 4: Silos, Tankbauwerke und RohrleitungenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1998-4:2006SIST EN 1998-4:2006en91.120.25YLEUDFLMDPLSeismic and vibration protection91.010.30Technical aspectsICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1998-4:200601-november-2006
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 1998-4July 2006ICS 91.120.25Supersedes ENV 1998-4:1998
English VersionEurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance -Part 4: Silos, tanks and pipelinesEurocode 8 - Calcul des structures pour leur résistance auxséismes - Partie 4: Silos, réservoirs et canalisationsEurocode 8 - Auslegung von Bauwerken gegen Erdbeben -Teil 4: Silos, Tankbauwerke und RohrleitungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 May 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1998-4:2006: E
EN 1998-4:2006 (E) Contents FOREWORD 1 GENERAL.8 1.1 SCOPE.8 1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES.9 1.2.1 General reference standards.9 1.3 ASSUMPTIONS.10 1.4 DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS RULES.10 1.5 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS.10 1.5.1 General.10 1.5.2 Terms common to all Eurocodes.10 1.5.3 Further terms used in EN 1998.10 1.5.4 Further terms used in EN 1998-4.10 1.6 SYMBOLS.10 1.7 S.I. UNITS.11 2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES.13 2.1 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS.13 2.1.1 General.13 2.1.2 Ultimate limit state.13 2.1.3 Damage limitation state.14 2.1.4 Reliability differentiation.15 2.1.5 System versus element reliability.16 2.1.6 Conceptual design.16 2.2 SEISMIC ACTION.17 2.3 ANALYSIS.17 2.3.1 Methods of analysis.17 2.3.2 Interaction with the soil.18 2.3.3 Damping.19 2.3.3.1 Structural damping.19 2.3.3.2 Contents damping.19 2.3.3.3 Foundation damping.19 2.3.3.4 Weighted damping.19 2.4 BEHAVIOUR FACTORS.19 2.5 SAFETY VERIFICATIONS.20 2.5.1 General.20 2.5.2 Combinations of seismic action with other actions.20 3 SPECIFIC PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES FOR SILOS.22 3.1 INTRODUCTION.22 3.2 COMBINATION OF GROUND MOTION COMPONENTS.22 3.3 ANALYSIS OF SILOS.23 3.4 BEHAVIOUR FACTORS.25 3.5 VERIFICATIONS.26 3.5.1 Damage limitation state.26 3.5.2 Ultimate limit state.26 3.5.2.1 Global stability.26 3.5.2.2 Shell.26 3.5.2.3 Anchors.27 3.5.2.4 Foundations.27 4 SPECIFIC PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES FOR TANKS.28 4.1 COMPLIANCE CRITERIA.28 4.1.1 General.28 4.1.2 Damage limitation state.28 4.1.3 Ultimate limit state.28 4.2 COMBINATION OF GROUND MOTION COMPONENTS.29
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EN 1998-4:2006 (E) 4.3 METHODS OF ANALYSIS.29 4.3.1 General.29 4.3.2 Hydrodynamic effects.29 4.4 BEHAVIOUR FACTORS.30 4.5 VERIFICATIONS.31 4.5.1 Damage limitation state.31 4.5.1.1 General.31 4.5.1.2 Shell.31 4.5.1.3 Piping.31 4.5.2 Ultimate limit state.31 4.5.2.1 Stability.31 4.5.2.2 Shell.31 4.5.2.3 Piping.32 4.5.2.4 Anchorages.32 4.5.2.5 Foundations.32 4.6 COMPLEMENTARY MEASURES.32 4.6.1 Bunding.32 4.6.2 Sloshing.33 4.6.3 Piping interaction.33 5 SPECIFIC PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES FOR ABOVE-GROUND PIPELINES 34 5.1 GENERAL.34 5.2 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS.34 5.2.1 Damage limitation state.34 5.2.2 Ultimate limit state.35 5.3 SEISMIC ACTION.35 5.3.1 General.35 5.3.2 Seismic action for inertia movements.35 5.3.3 Differential movement.35 5.4 METHODS OF ANALYSIS.35 5.4.1 Modelling.36 5.4.2 Analysis.36 5.5 BEHAVIOUR FACTORS.36 5.6 VERIFICATIONS.37 6 SPECIFIC PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES FOR BURIED PIPELINES.38 6.1 GENERAL.38 6.2 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS.38 6.2.1 Damage limitation state.38 6.2.2 Ultimate limit state.38 6.3 SEISMIC ACTION.38 6.3.1 General.38 6.3.2 Seismic action for inertia movements.39 6.3.3 Modelling of seismic waves.39 6.3.4 Permanent soil movements.39 6.4 METHODS OF ANALYSIS (WAVE PASSAGE).40 6.5 VERIFICATIONS.40 6.5.1 General.40 6.5.2 Buried pipelines on stable soil.40 6.5.3 Buried pipelines under differential ground movements (welded steel pipes).41 6.6 DESIGN MEASURES FOR FAULT CROSSINGS.41 ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE).43 SEISMIC ANALYSIS PROCEDURES FOR TANKS.43 ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE).79 BURIED PIPELINES.79
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EN 1998-4:2006 (E) Foreword This European Standard EN 1998-4, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance: Silos, tanks and pipelines, has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 "Structural Eurocodes", the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at latest by March 2010. This document supersedes ENV 1998-4: 1997. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the National Standard Organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Background of the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonization of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonized technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them.
For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980’s. In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1 between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Council’s Directives and/or Commission’s Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products - CPD - and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market). The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts:
1 Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89).
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EN 1998-4:2006 (E) EN 1990 Eurocode: Basis of structural design EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures Eurocode standards recognize the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level where these continue to vary from State to State. Status and field of application of Eurocodes The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognize that Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the following purposes: – as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N°1 - Mechanical resistance and stability - and Essential Requirement N°2 - Safety in case of fire; – as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services; – as a framework for drawing up harmonized technical specifications for construction products (ENs and ETAs) The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct relationship with the Interpretative Documents2 referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from harmonized product standards3. Therefore, technical
2 According to Art. 3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in interpretative documents for the creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for hENs and ETAGs/ETAs. 3 According to Art. 12 of the CPD the interpretative documents shall : a) give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and indicating classes or levels for each requirement where necessary ; b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, etB. ; c) serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for European technical approvals. The Eurocodes, de facto, play a similar role in the field of the ER 1 and a part of ER 2.
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EN 1998-4:2006 (E) aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product standards with a view to achieving a full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes. The Eurocode standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of whole structures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual forms of construction or design conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert consideration will be required by the designer in such cases. National Standards implementing Eurocodes The National Standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text of the Eurocode (including any annexes), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a National title page and National foreword, and may be followed by a National annex (informative). The National annex may only contain information on those parameters which are left open in the Eurocode for national choice, known as Nationally Determined Parameters, to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the country concerned, i.e. : – values and/or classes where alternatives are given in the Eurocode, – values to be used where a symbol only is given in the Eurocode, – country specific data (geographical, climatic, etc.), e.g. snow map, – the procedure to be used where alternative procedures are given in the Eurocode. It may also contain
– decisions on the application of informative annexes, – references to non-contradictory complementary information to assist the user to apply the Eurocode. Links between Eurocodes and harmonized technical specifications (ENs and ETAs) for products There is a need for consistency between the harmonized technical specifications for construction products and the technical rules for works4. Furthermore, all the information accompanying the CE Marking of the construction products which refer to Eurocodes shall clearly mention which Nationally Determined Parameters have been taken into account. Additional information specific to EN 1998-4 The scope of EN 1998 is defined in 1.1.1 of EN 1998-1: 2004. The scope of this Part of EN 1998 is defined in 1.1. Additional Parts of Eurocode 8 are listed in EN 1998-1: 2004, 1.1.3.
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See Art.3.3 and Art.12 of the CPD, as well as clauses 4.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 5.2 of ID 1.
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EN 1998-4:2006 (E) EN 1998-4:2006 is intended for use by: – clients (e.g. for the formulation of their specific requirements on reliability levels and durability) ; – designers and constructors ; – relevant authorities. For the design of structures in seismic regions the provisions of this European Standard are to be applied in addition to the provisions of the other relevant parts of Eurocode 8 and the other relevant Eurocodes. In particular, the provisions of this European Standard complement those of EN 1991-4, EN 1992-3, EN 1993-4-1, EN 1993-4-2 and EN 1993-4-3, which do not cover the special requirements of seismic design. National annex for EN 1998-4 This standard gives alternative procedures, values and recommendations for classes with notes indicating where national choices may have to be made. Therefore the National Standard implementing EN 1998-4 should have a National Annex containing all Nationally Determined Parameters to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the relevant country. National choice is allowed in EN 1998-4:2006 through clauses: Reference Item 1.1(4) Additional requirements for facilities associated with large risks to the population or the environment. 2.1.2(4)P Reference return period TNCR of seismic action for the ultimate limit state (or, equivalently, reference probability of exceedance in 50 years, PNCR). 2.1.3(5)P Reference return period TDLR of seismic action for the damage limitation state (or, equivalently, reference probability of exceedance in 10 years, PDLR). 2.1.4(8) Importance factors for silos, tanks and pipelines 2.2(3) Reduction factor ν for the effects of the seismic action relevant to the damage limitation state 2.3.3.3(2)P Maximum value of radiation damping for soil structure interaction analysis, ξmax2.5.2(3)P Values of ϕ for silos, tanks and pipelines 3.1(2)P Unit weight of the particulate solid in silos, , in the seismic design situation 4.5.1.3(3) Amplification factor on forces transmitted by the piping to region of attachment on the tank wall, for the design of the region to remain
elastic in the damage limitation state 4.5.2.3(2)P Overstrength factor on design resistance of piping in the verification that the connection of the piping to the tank will not yield prior to the piping in the ultimate limit state
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EN 1998-4:2006 (E) 1 GENERAL 1.1 Scope (1) The scope of Eurocode 8 is defined in EN 1998-1: 2004, 1.1.1 and the scope of this Standard is defined in this clause. Additional parts of Eurocode 8 are indicated in EN 1998-1: 2004, 1.1.3. (2) This standard specifies principles and application rules for the seismic design of the structural aspects of facilities composed of above-ground and buried pipeline systems and of storage tanks of different types and uses, as well as for independent items, such as for example single water towers serving a specific purpose or groups of silos enclosing granular materials, etc. (3) This standard includes the additional criteria and rules required for the seismic design of these structures without restrictions on their size, structural types and other functional characteristics. For some types of tanks and silos, it also provides detailed methods of assessment and verification rules. (4) This standard may not be complete for those facilities associated with large risks to the population or the environment, for which additional requirements are the responsibility of the competent authorities. This standard is also not complete for those construction works which have uncommon structural elements and which require special measures to be taken and special studies to be performed to ensure earthquake protection. In those two cases the present standard gives general principles but not detailed application rules. NOTE The National Annex may specify additional requirements for facilities associated with large risks to the population or the environment. (5) Although large diameter pipelines are within the scope of this standard, the corresponding design criteria do not apply for apparently similar facilities, like tunnels and large underground cavities. (6) The nature of lifeline systems which often characterizes the facilities covered by this standard requires concepts, models and methods that may differ substantially from those in current use for more common structural types. Furthermore, the response and the stability of silos and tanks subjected to strong seismic actions may involve rather complex interaction phenomena between soil-structure and stored material (either fluid or granular), not easily amenable to simplified design procedures. Equally challenging may prove to be the design of a pipeline system through areas with poor and possibly unstable soils. For the reasons given above, the organization of this standard is to some extent different from that of other Parts of EN 1998. This standard is, in general, restricted to basic principles and methodological approaches. NOTE Detailed analysis procedures going beyond basic principles and methodological approaches are given in Annexes A and B for a number of typical situations. (7) In the formulation and implementation of the general requirements, a distinction has been made between independent structures and redundant systems, via the choice of importance factors and/or through the definition of
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