SIST EN 12291:2004
(Main)Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature in air at atmospheric pressure - Determination of compression properties
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature in air at atmospheric pressure - Determination of compression properties
This European Standard EN 12291 specifies the conditions for determination of compression properties of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement for temperatures up to 1 700 °C in air at atmospheric pressure.
This European Standard applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (xD, with 2 < x < 3), loaded along one principal axis of reinforcement.
NOTE 1 In most cases, ceramic matrix composites to be used at high temperature in air are coated with an anti oxidation coating.
NOTE 2 The purpose of this European standard is to determine the compression properties of a material when it is placed under an oxidizing environment but not to measure material oxidation.
Two cases are distinguished:
a) compression between platens;
b) compression using grips.
Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von Keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen bei hoher Temperatur an Luft bei Atmosphärendruck - Bestimmung der Eigenschaften unter Druck
Diese Europäische Norm EN 12291 legt die Bedingungen zur Bestimmung der Eigenschaften von endlosfaserverstärkten keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen unter Druckbeanspruchung bei Temperaturen bis zu 1700 °C in Luft bei Atmoshpärendruck fest.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für alle endlosfaserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffe mit keramischer Matrix mit unidirektionaler (1D), bidirektionaler (2D) und mehrdirektionaler (xD, mit 2 < x 3) Verstärkung mit der Beanspruchung parallel zu einer der Hauptverstärkungsachsen.
ANMERKUNG 1 In den meisten Fällen sind die bei hoher Temperatur in Luft eingesetzten Verbundwerkstoffe mit keramischer Matrix mit einer Deckschicht gegen Oxidation beschichtet.
ANMERKUNG 2 Der Zweck dieser Europäischen Norm besteht darin, die Druckeigenschaften eines Materials in oxidierender Umgebung, nicht aber die Oxidation des Materials, zu bestimmen.
Zwei Fälle werden unterschieden:
a) Druckbeanspruchung zwischen Platten;
b) Druckbeanspruchung mit Einspanneinrichtungen.
Céramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniques des céramiques composites a haute température sous air a la pression atmosphérique - Détermination des caractéristiques en compression
La présente Norme européenne EN 12291 spécifie les conditions de détermination des propriétés en compression des matériaux composites a matrice céramique et a renfort fibreux continu pour des températures allant jusqu'a 1 700 °C sous air a la pression atmosphérique.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique a tous les composites a matrice céramique a renfort fibreux continu, unidirectionnels (1D), bidirectionnels (2D) et tridirectionnels (xD, avec 2 < ´ L 3), sollicités suivant un axe principal de renfort.
NOTE 1 Dans la plupart des cas, les composites a matrice céramique destinés a un usage a haute température sous air sont protégés par un revetement anti-oxydation.
NOTE 2 L'objet de la présente Norme européenne est de déterminer les propriétés en compression d'un matériau quand il est placé en ambiance oxydante et non pas de quantifier l'oxydation.
Deux cas sont distingués :
a) compression entre plateaux ;
compression entre mors.
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature in air at atmospheric pressure - Determination of compression properties
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature in air at atmospheric pressure - Determination of compression propertiesHochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von Keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen bei hoher Temperatur an Luft bei Atmosphärendruck - Bestimmung der Eigenschaften unter DruckCéramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniques des céramiques composites a haute température sous air a la pression atmosphérique - Détermination des caractéristiques en compressionAdvanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature in air at atmospheric pressure - Determination of compression properties81.060.30Sodobna keramikaAdvanced ceramicsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12291:2003SIST EN 12291:2004en01-januar-2004SIST EN 12291:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST ENV 12291:20001DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 12291:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12291July 2003ICS 81.060.30Supersedes ENV 12291:1996English versionAdvanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramiccomposites at high temperature in air at atmospheric pressure -Determination of compression propertiesCéramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniquesdes céramiques composites à haute température sous air àla pression atmosphérique - Détermination descaractéristiques en compressionHochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften vonKeramischen Verbundwerkstoffen bei hoher Temperatur anLuft bei Atmosphärendruck - Bestimmung derEigenschaften unter DruckThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 May 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12291:2003 ESIST EN 12291:2004
EN 12291:2003 (E)2ContentspageForeword.31Scope.42Normative references.43Terms and definitions.44Principle.65Apparatus.75.1Test machine.75.2Load train.75.3Set-up for heating.75.4Extensometer.75.4.1General.75.4.2Mechanical extensometer.85.4.3Electro-optical extensometer.85.5Temperature measurement.85.6Data recording system.85.7Micrometers.86Test specimens.86.1General.86.2Compression between platens.96.3Test specimen used with grips.107Test specimen preparation.137.1Machining and preparation.137.2Number of test specimens.138Test procedures.138.1Test set-up: temperature considerations.138.1.1General.138.1.2Controlled temperature zone.138.1.3Temperature calibration.138.2Test set-up: other considerations.148.2.1Displacement rate.148.2.2Measurement of test specimens dimensions.148.2.3Buckling.148.3Testing technique.148.3.1Specimen mounting.148.3.2Setting of extensometer.148.3.3Heating of test specimen.158.3.4Measurements.158.4Test validity.159Calculation of results.169.1Test specimen origin.169.2Compression strength.169.3Strain at maximum compression force.169.4Proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus, elastic modulus.1610Test report.18Annex A (normative)
Buckling: How to proceed when buckling is suspected.19Bibliography.20SIST EN 12291:2004
EN 12291:2003 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 12291:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 184, "Advanced technicalceramics" the secretariat of which is held by BSI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by January 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latestby January 2004.This document supersedes ENV 12291:1996.Annex A is normative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 12291:2004
EN 12291:2003 (E)41 ScopeThis European Standard EN 12291 specifies the conditions for determination of compression properties of ceramicmatrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement for temperatures up to 1 700 °C in air atatmospheric pressure.This European Standard applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement,unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (xD, with 2 < x < 3), loaded along one principal axis ofreinforcement.NOTE 1In most cases, ceramic matrix composites to be used at high temperature in air are coated with an anti oxidationcoating.NOTE 2The purpose of this European standard is to determine the compression properties of a material when it is placedunder an oxidizing environment but not to measure material oxidation.Two cases are distinguished:a) compression between platens;b) compression using grips.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 10002-4, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 4 : Verification of extensometers used in uniaxial testing.EN 60584-1, Thermocouples - Part 1 : Reference tables (IEC 60584-1:1995).EN 60584-2, Thermocouples - Part 2 : Tolerances (IEC 60584-2:1982 + A1:1989).EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials – Verification of static uniaxial testing machines – Part 1 : Tension/compressiontesting machines (ISO 7500-1:1999).ISO 3611, Micrometer callipers for external measurement.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 test temperature, Ttemperature of the test piece at the centre of the gauge length3.2 calibrated length, lpart of the test specimen which has uniform and minimum cross section areaSIST EN 12291:2004
EN 12291:2003 (E)53.3 gauge length, Loinitial distance between reference points on
the test specimen in the calibrated length. The temperature variation inthe gauge length shall be within 20 °C at test temperature3.4 controlled temperature zonepart of the calibrated length including the gauge length where the temperature is in a range of ± 50 °C of the testtemperature3.5 initial cross section area, Aoinitial cross section area of the test specimen within the calibrated length, at test temperaturetwo initial cross section areas of the test specimen can be defined: apparent cross section area: This is the total area of the cross section, Ao,a; effective cross section area: This is the total area corrected by a factor, to account for the presence of anantioxidant protection, Ao,e3.6 longitudinal deformation, Ldecrease in the gauge length between reference points under a compression force. It’s value corresponding to themaximum force shall be denoted as Lc,m3.7 compression strain, relative change in the gauge length defined as the ratio L/Lo.Its value corresponding to the maximum force shallbe denoted as c,m3.8 compression stress, compression force supported by the test specimen at any time in the test divided by the initial cross section areatwo compression stresses can be distinguished: apparent compression stress, a, when the apparent cross section area (or total cross section area) is used effective compression stress, e, when the effective cross section area is used3.9 maximum compression force, Fmhighest recorded compression force in a compression test on the test specimen when tested to failureSIST EN 12291:2004
EN 12291:2003 (E)63.10 compression strength, c,mratio of the maximum compression force to the initial cross section areatwo compression strengths can be distinguished: apparent compression strength, c,m,a, when the apparent cross section area (or total cross section area) isused. effective compression strength, c,m,e, when the effective cross section area is used.3.11 proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus, Epslope of the linear section of the stress-strain curve, if any. Examination of the stress-strain curves for ceramicmatrix composites allows definition of the following cases:a) material with a linear section in the stress-strain curvefor ceramic matrix composites that have a mechanical behaviour characterised by a linear section, theproportionality ratio is defined as:1 - 21 - 2 = 2 - 1 pE(1)where(1, 1) and (2, 2) lie near the lower and upper limits of the linear section of the stress-strain curvethe proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus is termed the elastic modulus, E, in the single case where thematerial has a linear behaviour from the origintwo proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic moduli can be distinguished: apparent proportionality ratio, Epa, when the apparent compression stress is used effective proportionality ratio, Epe, when the effective compression stress is usedb) material with no-linear section in the stress-strain curvein this case only stress-strain couples can be fixed4 PrincipleA test specimen of specified dimensions is heated to the testing temperature, and loaded in compression. The testis performed at constant crosshead displacement rate, or constant deformation rate.Force and longitudinal deformation are measured and recorded simultaneously.The test duration is limited to reduce creep effects.NOTE 1Constant loading rate is only allowed in the case of linear stress-strain behaviour up to failure.SIST EN 12291:2004
EN 12291:2003 (E)7NOTE 2In order to protect fixture, it is recommended to use constant crosshead displacement rate when the test is carriedout until rupture.5 Apparatus5.1 Test machineThe machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force applied to the test specimen which shallconform to grade 1 or better according to EN ISO 7500-1. This shall prevail during actual test conditions (gaspressure, temperature).5.2 Load trainThe load train configuration shall ensure that the load indicated by the load cell and the load experienced by thetest specimen are the same.The load train performance including the alignment system and the force transmitting system shall not changebecause of heating.There are two alternative means of load application:a)compression platens are connected to the load cell and on the moving crosshead. The parallelism of theseplatens shall be better than 0,01 mm, in the loading area, at room temperature and they shall be perpendicularto the load direction.NOTE 1The use of platens is not recommended for compression testing of 1D and 2D materials with low thicknessesbecause of buckling.NOTE 2A compliant interlayer material between the test specimen and platens can be used for testing macroscopicallyinhomogeneous materials to ensure even contact pressure. This material should be chemically compatible with both testspecimen and platen materials.b)grips are used to clamp and load the test specimen;The grip design shall prevent the test specimen from slipping. The grips must align the test specimen axis with thatof the applied force.NOTE 1This point should be verified and documented, according to, for example, the procedure described in the HTMTCcode of practice.The grips or the platens can be either in the hot zone of the furnace or outside.NOTE 2When grips or platens are outside the furnace, a temperature gradient exists between the centre of the specimen,which is at the prescribed temperature, and the ends, which are at the same temperature as the grips or platens.5.3 Set-up for heatingThe set-up for heating shall be constructed in such a way that the temperature gradient within the gauge length isless than 20 °C at test temperature.5.4 Extensometer
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