SIST ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1:2021
(Main)Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS) - The Testing and Test Control Notation version 3 - Part 1: TTCN-3 Core Language
Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS) - The Testing and Test Control Notation version 3 - Part 1: TTCN-3 Core Language
The present document defines the Core Language of TTCN-3. TTCN-3 can be used for the specification of all types of
reactive system tests over a variety of communication ports. Typical areas of application are protocol testing (including
mobile and Internet protocols), service testing (including supplementary services), module testing, testing of CORBA®
based platforms, APIs, etc. TTCN-3 is not restricted to conformance testing and can be used for many other kinds of
testing including interoperability, robustness, regression, system and integration testing. The specification of test suites
for physical layer protocols is outside the scope of the present document.
TTCN-3 is intended to be used for the specification of test suites which are independent of test methods, layers and
protocols. In addition to the textual format defined in the present document, while GFT (ETSI ES 201 873-3 [i.2])
defines a graphical presentation format for TTCN-3. The specification of these formats is outside the scope of the
present document.
While the design of TTCN-3 has taken the eventual implementation of TTCN-3 translators and compilers into
consideration the means of realization of Executable Test Suites (ETS) from Abstract Test Suites (ATS) is outside the
scope of the present document.
Metode za preskušanje in specificiranje (MTS) - 3. različica zapisa preskušanja in krmiljenja preskusov - 1. del: Jedrni jezik TTCN-3
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
Final draft ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-06)
ETSI STANDARD
Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS);
The Testing and Test Control Notation version 3;
Part 1: TTCN-3 Core Language
2 Final draft ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-06)
Reference
RES/MTS-201873-1v4.13.1
Keywords
language, methodology, testing, TTCN-3
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - APE 7112B
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° w061004871
Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI
deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format at www.etsi.org/deliver.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx
Notice of disclaimer & limitation of liability
The information provided in the present deliverable is directed solely to professionals who have the appropriate degree of
experience to understand and interpret its content in accordance with generally accepted engineering or
other professional standard and applicable regulations.
No recommendation as to products and services or vendors is made or should be implied.
No representation or warranty is made that this deliverable is technically accurate or sufficient or conforms to any law
and/or governmental rule and/or regulation and further, no representation or warranty is made of merchantability or fitness
for any particular purpose or against infringement of intellectual property rights.
In no event shall ETSI be held liable for loss of profits or any other incidental or consequential damages.
Any software contained in this deliverable is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, express or implied, including but not
limited to, the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement of intellectual property
rights and ETSI shall not be held liable in any event for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages
for loss of profits, business interruption, loss of information, or any other pecuniary loss) arising out of or related to the use
of or inability to use the software.
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© ETSI 2021.
All rights reserved.
ETSI
3 Final draft ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 13
Foreword . 13
Modal verbs terminology . 14
1 Scope . 15
2 References . 15
2.1 Normative references . 15
2.2 Informative references . 16
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 18
3.1 Terms . 18
3.2 Symbols . 23
3.3 Abbreviations . 23
4 Introduction . 25
4.0 General . 25
4.1 The core language and presentation formats . 25
4.2 Unanimity of the specification . 27
4.3 Conformance . 27
5 Basic language elements . 27
5.0 General . 27
5.1 Identifiers and keywords . 28
5.2 Scope rules . 28
5.2.0 General . 28
5.2.1 Scope of formal parameters . 31
5.2.2 Uniqueness of identifiers . 31
5.3 Ordering of language elements . 32
5.4 Parameterization . 32
5.4.0 General . 32
5.4.1 Formal parameters . 33
5.4.1.0 General . 33
5.4.1.1 Formal parameters of kind value . 33
5.4.1.2 Formal parameters of kind template . 36
5.4.2 Actual parameters . 38
5.5 Cyclic Definitions. 43
6 Types and values . 44
6.0 General . 44
6.1 Basic types and values . 45
6.1.0 Simple basic types and values. 45
6.1.1 Basic string types and values . 46
6.1.1.0 General . 46
6.1.1.1 Accessing individual string elements . 48
6.1.2 Subtyping of basic types . 49
6.1.2.0 General . 49
6.1.2.1 Lists of templates . 49
6.1.2.2 Lists of types . 49
6.1.2.3 Ranges . 50
6.1.2.4 String length restrictions . 50
6.1.2.5 Pattern subtyping of character string types . 51
6.1.2.6 Mixing subtyping mechanisms . 51
6.1.2.6.1 Mixing patterns, lists and ranges . 51
6.1.2.6.2 Using length restriction with other constraints . 52
6.2 Structured types and values . 52
6.2.0 General . 52
6.2.1 Record type and values . 54
6.2.1.0 General . 54
ETSI
4 Final draft ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-06)
6.2.1.1 Referencing fields of a record type . 57
6.2.1.2 Optional elements in a record. 58
6.2.1.3 Nested type definitions for field types . 58
6.2.2 Set type and values . 59
6.2.2.0 General . 59
6.2.2.1 Referencing fields of a set type . 59
6.2.2.2 Optional elements in a set . 59
6.2.2.3 Nested type definition for field types . 59
6.2.3 Records and sets of single types . 59
6.2.3.0 General . 59
6.2.3.1 Nested type definitions . 62
6.2.3.2 Referencing elements of record of and set of types . 62
6.2.4 Enumerated type and values . 63
6.2.5 Unions . 65
6.2.5.0 General . 65
6.2.5.1 Referencing fields of a union type . 66
6.2.5.2 Option and union . 67
6.2.5.3 Nested type definition for field types . 67
6.2.6 The anytype . 68
6.2.7 Arrays . 68
6.2.8 The default type . 70
6.2.9 Communication port types . 70
6.2.10 Component types . 72
6.2.10.1 Component type definition . 72
6.2.10.2 Reuse of component types . 73
6.2.11 Component references . 75
6.2.12 Addressing entities inside the SUT . 77
6.2.13 Subtyping of structured types . 79
6.2.13.0 General . 79
6.2.13.1 Length subtyping of record ofs and set ofs . 79
6.2.13.2 List subtyping of structured types and anytype . 80
6.2.13.3 Subtyping of the iterated type of record ofs and set ofs . 83
6.2.13.4 Mixing subtyping mechanisms . 84
6.2.14 The timer type . 84
6.2.15 Map types . 84
6.2.15.0 General . 84
6.2.15.1 Map Type Definition . 84
6.2.15.2 Indexed Assignment Notation . 85
6.2.15.3 Unmapping Keys . 85
6.2.15.4 Index Notation . 86
6.2.15.5 Accessing the Keys of a Map . 86
6.2.15.6 Accessing the Values of a Map . 87
6.2.15.7 Referencing of Elements of a Map . 87
6.2.15.8 Nested type definitions . 87
6.2.16 The open type . 87
6.3 Type compatibility . 88
6.3.0 General . 88
6.3.1 Compatibility of non-structured types . 88
6.3.2 Compatibility of structured types . 90
6.3.2.0 General . 90
6.3.2.1 Compatibility of enumerated types . 90
6.3.2.2 Compatibility of record and record of types . 91
6.3.2.3 Compatibility of set and set of types . 92
6.3.2.4 Compatibility of union types . 93
6.3.2.5 Compatibility of anytype types . 93
6.3.2.6 Compatibility between sub-structures . 94
6.3.2.7 Compatibility of the open type . 94
6.3.3 Compatibility of component types . 95
6.3.4 Type compatibility of communication and connection operations . 95
6.3.5 Type conversion . 96
6.3.6 Type compatibility of port types . 96
6.3.7 Type compatibility of timer types . 96
ETSI
5 Final draft ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-06)
6.3.8 Type Compatibility of Map Types . 96
6.4 Type synonym . 96
7 Expressions . 96
7.0 General . 96
7.1 Operators . 97
7.1.0 General . 97
7.1.1 Arithmetic operators . 99
7.1.2 List operator . 99
7.1.3 Relational operators . 100
7.1.4 Logical operators . 103
7.1.5 Bitwise operators . 103
7.1.6 Shift operators . 104
7.1.7 Rotate operators . 104
7.1.8 Presence checking operators . 105
7.1.8.0 General . 105
7.1.8.1 The ispresent operator . 106
7.1.8.2 The ischosen operator . 107
7.1.8.3 The isvalue operator . 108
7.1.8.4 The isbound operator. 110
7.2 Field references and list ele me nts . 111
7.3 Decoded field reference . 111
8 Modules . 112
8.0 General . 112
8.1 Definition of a module . 112
8.2 Module definitions part . 113
8.2.0 General . 113
8.2.1 Module parameters . 114
8.2.2 Groups of definitions . 115
8.2.3 Importing from modules . 116
8.2.3.0 General . 116
8.2.3.1 General format of import . 117
8.2.3.2 Importing single definitions . 123
8.2.3.3 Importing groups . 124
8.2.3.4 Importing definitions of the same kind . 125
8.2.3.5 Importing all definitions of a module . 126
8.2.3.6 Import definitions from other TTCN-3 editions and from non-TTCN-3 modules . 127
8.2.3.7 Importing of import statements from TTCN-3 modules . 128
8.2.3.8 Compatibility of language specifications in imports . 129
8.2.4 Definition of friend modules . 130
8.2.5 Visibility of definitions . 130
8.3 Module control part . 132
9 Port types, component types and test configurations . 133
9.0 General . 133
9.1 Communication ports . 133
9.2 Test system interface . 136
10 Declaring constants . 138
11 Declaring variables . 138
11.0 General . 138
11.1 Value variables . 139
11.2 Template variables . 140
12 Declaring timers . 141
13 Declaring messages . 142
14 Declaring procedure signatures . 143
15 Declaring templates . 144
15.0 General . 144
15.1 Declaring message templates . 145
ETSI
6 Final draft ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-06)
15.2 Declaring signature templates . 147
15.3 Global and local templates . 148
15.4 In-line Templates . 149
15.5 Modified templates . 150
15.6 Referencing elements of templates or template fields . 155
15.6.0 General . 155
15.6.1 Referencing individual string elements. 155
15.6.2 Referencing record and set fields . 155
15.6.3 Referencing record of and set of elements . 156
15.6.4 Referencing signature parameters . 159
15.6.5 Referencing union alternatives . 160
15.7 Template matching mechanisms . 161
15.7.0 General . 161
15.7.1 Specific values . 162
15.7.2 Special symbols that can be used instead of values . 163
15.7.3 Special symbols that can be used inside values . 164
15.7.4 Special symbols which describe attributes of values . 164
15.8 Template Restrictions . 165
15.9 Match Operation . 168
15.10 Valueof Operation . 169
15.11 Concatenating templates of string and list types . 170
15.12 The omit operation . 172
15.13 The present operation . 173
16 Functions, altsteps and testcases . 174
16.0 General . 174
16.1 Functions . 174
16.1.0 General . 174
16.1.1 Invoking functions . 176
16.1.2 Predefined functions . 177
16.1.3 External functions . 179
16.1.4 Invoking functions from specific places . 180
16.1.5 Explicit control functions . 181
16.2 Altsteps . 181
16.2.0 General . 181
16.2.1 Invoking altsteps . 183
16.3 Test cases. 185
17 Void . 186
18 Overview of program statements and operations . 186
19 Basic program statements . 188
19.0 General . 188
19.1 Assignments . 189
19.2 The If-else statement . 190
19.3 The Select statements . 191
19.3.1 The Select case statement . 191
19.3.2 The Select union statement . 192
19.4 The For statement . 193
19.5 The While statement . 194
19.6 The Do-while statement . 194
19.7 The Label statement . 194
19.8 The Goto statement . 195
19.9 The Stop execution statement . 196
19.10 The Return statement . 197
19.11 The Log statement . 198
19.12 The Break statement . 199
19.13 The Continue statement . 200
19.14 Statement block . 201
20 Statement and operations for alternative behaviours . 201
20.0 General . 201
ETSI
7 Final draft ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-06)
20.1 The snapshot mechanism . 202
20.2 The Alt statement . 202
20.3 The Repeat statement . 206
20.4 The Interleave statement . 207
20.5 Default Handling . 209
20.5.0 General . 209
20.5.1 The default mechanism . 210
20.5.2 The Activate operation . 210
20.5.3 The Deactivate operation . 211
21 Configuration Operations . 212
21.0 General . 212
21.1 Connection Operations . 213
21.1.0 General . 213
21.1.1 The Connect and Map operations . 214
21.1.2 The Disconnect and Unmap operations . 216
21.2 Test case operations. 217
21.2.0 General . 217
21.2.1 Test case stop operation . 218
21.3 Component Operations . 218
21.3.0 General . 218
21.3.1 The Create operation . 218
21.3.2 The Start component operation . 220
21.3.3 The Stop component operation . 221
21.3.4 The Kill component operation . 222
21.3.5 The Alive operation . 223
21.3.6 The Running operation . 224
21.3.7 The Done operation . 225
21.3.8 The Killed operation . 227
21.3.9 Summary of the use of any and all with components . 230
21.3.10 The Call test component behaviour operation . 230
22 Communication operations. 232
22.0 General . 232
22.1 The communication mechanisms . 232
22.1.0 General . 232
22.1.1 Principles of message-based communication. 232
22.1.2 Principles of procedure-based communication . 233
22.1.3 Principles of unicast, multicast and broadcast communication . 233
22.1.4 General format of communication operations . 234
22.1.4.0 General . 234
22.1.4.1 General format of the sending operations . 234
22.1.4.2 General format of the receiving operations . 235
22.2 Message-based communication .
...
ETSI STANDARD
Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS);
The Testing and Test Control Notation version 3;
Part 1: TTCN-3 Core Language
2 ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-08)
Reference
RES/MTS-201873-1V4.13.1
Keywords
language, methodology, testing, TTCN-3
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - APE 7112B
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° w061004871
Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI
deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format at www.etsi.org/deliver.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx
Notice of disclaimer & limitation of liability
The information provided in the present deliverable is directed solely to professionals who have the appropriate degree of
experience to understand and interpret its content in accordance with generally accepted engineering or
other professional standard and applicable regulations.
No recommendation as to products and services or vendors is made or should be implied.
No representation or warranty is made that this deliverable is technically accurate or sufficient or conforms to any law
and/or governmental rule and/or regulation and further, no representation or warranty is made of merchantability or fitness
for any particular purpose or against infringement of intellectual property rights.
In no event shall ETSI be held liable for loss of profits or any other incidental or consequential damages.
Any software contained in this deliverable is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, express or implied, including but not
limited to, the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement of intellectual property
rights and ETSI shall not be held liable in any event for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages
for loss of profits, business interruption, loss of information, or any other pecuniary loss) arising out of or related to the use
of or inability to use the software.
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© ETSI 2021.
All rights reserved.
ETSI
3 ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-08)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 13
Foreword . 13
Modal verbs terminology . 14
1 Scope . 15
2 References . 15
2.1 Normative references . 15
2.2 Informative references . 16
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 18
3.1 Terms . 18
3.2 Symbols . 23
3.3 Abbreviations . 23
4 Introduction . 25
4.0 General . 25
4.1 The core language and presentation formats . 25
4.2 Unanimity of the specification . 27
4.3 Conformance . 27
5 Basic language elements . 27
5.0 General . 27
5.1 Identifiers and keywords . 28
5.2 Scope rules . 28
5.2.0 General . 28
5.2.1 Scope of formal parameters . 31
5.2.2 Uniqueness of identifiers . 31
5.3 Ordering of language elements . 32
5.4 Parameterization . 32
5.4.0 General . 32
5.4.1 Formal parameters . 33
5.4.1.0 General . 33
5.4.1.1 Formal parameters of kind value . 33
5.4.1.2 Formal parameters of kind template . 36
5.4.2 Actual parameters . 38
5.5 Cyclic Definitions. 43
6 Types and values . 44
6.0 General . 44
6.1 Basic types and values . 45
6.1.0 Simple basic types and values. 45
6.1.1 Basic string types and values . 46
6.1.1.0 General . 46
6.1.1.1 Accessing individual string elements . 48
6.1.2 Subtyping of basic types . 49
6.1.2.0 General . 49
6.1.2.1 Lists of templates . 49
6.1.2.2 Lists of types . 49
6.1.2.3 Ranges . 50
6.1.2.4 String length restrictions . 50
6.1.2.5 Pattern subtyping of character string types . 51
6.1.2.6 Mixing subtyping mechanisms . 51
6.1.2.6.1 Mixing patterns, lists and ranges . 51
6.1.2.6.2 Using length restriction with other constraints . 52
6.2 Structured types and values . 52
6.2.0 General . 52
6.2.1 Record type and values . 54
6.2.1.0 General . 54
ETSI
4 ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-08)
6.2.1.1 Referencing fields of a record type . 57
6.2.1.2 Optional elements in a record. 58
6.2.1.3 Nested type definitions for field types . 58
6.2.2 Set type and values . 59
6.2.2.0 General . 59
6.2.2.1 Referencing fields of a set type . 59
6.2.2.2 Optional elements in a set . 59
6.2.2.3 Nested type definition for field types . 59
6.2.3 Records and sets of single types . 59
6.2.3.0 General . 59
6.2.3.1 Nested type definitions . 62
6.2.3.2 Referencing elements of record of and set of types . 62
6.2.4 Enumerated type and values . 63
6.2.5 Unions . 65
6.2.5.0 General . 65
6.2.5.1 Referencing fields of a union type . 66
6.2.5.2 Option and union . 67
6.2.5.3 Nested type definition for field types . 67
6.2.6 The anytype . 68
6.2.7 Arrays . 68
6.2.8 The default type . 70
6.2.9 Communication port types . 70
6.2.10 Component types . 72
6.2.10.1 Component type definition . 72
6.2.10.2 Reuse of component types . 73
6.2.11 Component references . 75
6.2.12 Addressing entities inside the SUT . 77
6.2.13 Subtyping of structured types . 79
6.2.13.0 General . 79
6.2.13.1 Length subtyping of record ofs and set ofs . 79
6.2.13.2 List subtyping of structured types and anytype . 80
6.2.13.3 Subtyping of the iterated type of record ofs and set ofs . 83
6.2.13.4 Mixing subtyping mechanisms . 84
6.2.14 The timer type . 84
6.2.15 Map types . 84
6.2.15.0 General . 84
6.2.15.1 Map Type Definition . 84
6.2.15.2 Indexed Assignment Notation . 85
6.2.15.3 Unmapping Keys . 85
6.2.15.4 Index Notation . 86
6.2.15.5 Accessing the Keys of a Map . 86
6.2.15.6 Accessing the Values of a Map . 87
6.2.15.7 Referencing of Elements of a Map . 87
6.2.15.8 Nested type definitions . 87
6.2.16 The open type . 87
6.3 Type compatibility . 88
6.3.0 General . 88
6.3.1 Compatibility of non-structured types . 88
6.3.2 Compatibility of structured types . 90
6.3.2.0 General . 90
6.3.2.1 Compatibility of enumerated types . 90
6.3.2.2 Compatibility of record and record of types . 91
6.3.2.3 Compatibility of set and set of types . 92
6.3.2.4 Compatibility of union types . 93
6.3.2.5 Compatibility of anytype types . 93
6.3.2.6 Compatibility between sub-structures . 94
6.3.2.7 Compatibility of the open type . 94
6.3.3 Compatibility of component types . 95
6.3.4 Type compatibility of communication and connection operations . 95
6.3.5 Type conversion . 96
6.3.6 Type compatibility of port types . 96
6.3.7 Type compatibility of timer types . 96
ETSI
5 ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-08)
6.3.8 Type Compatibility of Map Types . 96
6.4 Type synonym . 96
7 Expressions . 96
7.0 General . 96
7.1 Operators . 97
7.1.0 General . 97
7.1.1 Arithmetic operators . 99
7.1.2 List operator . 99
7.1.3 Relational operators . 100
7.1.4 Logical operators . 103
7.1.5 Bitwise operators . 103
7.1.6 Shift operators . 104
7.1.7 Rotate operators . 104
7.1.8 Presence checking operators . 105
7.1.8.0 General . 105
7.1.8.1 The ispresent operator . 106
7.1.8.2 The ischosen operator . 107
7.1.8.3 The isvalue operator . 108
7.1.8.4 The isbound operator. 110
7.2 Field references and list ele me nts . 111
7.3 Decoded field reference . 111
8 Modules . 112
8.0 General . 112
8.1 Definition of a module . 112
8.2 Module definitions part . 113
8.2.0 General . 113
8.2.1 Module parameters . 114
8.2.2 Groups of definitions . 115
8.2.3 Importing from modules . 116
8.2.3.0 General . 116
8.2.3.1 General format of import . 117
8.2.3.2 Importing single definitions . 123
8.2.3.3 Importing groups . 124
8.2.3.4 Importing definitions of the same kind . 125
8.2.3.5 Importing all definitions of a module . 126
8.2.3.6 Import definitions from other TTCN-3 editions and from non-TTCN-3 modules . 127
8.2.3.7 Importing of import statements from TTCN-3 modules . 128
8.2.3.8 Compatibility of language specifications in imports . 129
8.2.4 Definition of friend modules . 130
8.2.5 Visibility of definitions . 130
8.3 Module control part . 132
9 Port types, component types and test configurations . 133
9.0 General . 133
9.1 Communication ports . 133
9.2 Test system interface . 136
10 Declaring constants . 138
11 Declaring variables . 138
11.0 General . 138
11.1 Value variables . 139
11.2 Template variables . 140
12 Declaring timers . 141
13 Declaring messages . 142
14 Declaring procedure signatures . 143
15 Declaring templates . 144
15.0 General . 144
15.1 Declaring message templates . 145
ETSI
6 ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-08)
15.2 Declaring signature templates . 147
15.3 Global and local templates . 148
15.4 In-line Templates . 149
15.5 Modified templates . 150
15.6 Referencing elements of templates or template fields . 155
15.6.0 General . 155
15.6.1 Referencing individual string elements. 155
15.6.2 Referencing record and set fields . 155
15.6.3 Referencing record of and set of elements . 156
15.6.4 Referencing signature parameters . 159
15.6.5 Referencing union alternatives . 160
15.7 Template matching mechanisms . 161
15.7.0 General . 161
15.7.1 Specific values . 162
15.7.2 Special symbols that can be used instead of values . 163
15.7.3 Special symbols that can be used inside values . 164
15.7.4 Special symbols which describe attributes of values . 164
15.8 Template Restrictions . 165
15.9 Match Operation . 168
15.10 Valueof Operation . 169
15.11 Concatenating templates of string and list types . 170
15.12 The omit operation . 172
15.13 The present operation . 173
16 Functions, altsteps and testcases . 174
16.0 General . 174
16.1 Functions . 174
16.1.0 General . 174
16.1.1 Invoking functions . 176
16.1.2 Predefined functions . 177
16.1.3 External functions . 179
16.1.4 Invoking functions from specific places . 180
16.1.5 Explicit control functions . 181
16.2 Altsteps . 181
16.2.0 General . 181
16.2.1 Invoking altsteps . 183
16.3 Test cases. 185
17 Void . 186
18 Overview of program statements and operations . 186
19 Basic program statements . 188
19.0 General . 188
19.1 Assignments . 189
19.2 The If-else statement . 190
19.3 The Select statements . 191
19.3.1 The Select case statement . 191
19.3.2 The Select union statement . 192
19.4 The For statement . 193
19.5 The While statement . 194
19.6 The Do-while statement . 194
19.7 The Label statement . 194
19.8 The Goto statement . 195
19.9 The Stop execution statement . 196
19.10 The Return statement . 197
19.11 The Log statement . 198
19.12 The Break statement . 199
19.13 The Continue statement . 200
19.14 Statement block . 201
20 Statement and operations for alternative behaviours . 201
20.0 General . 201
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7 ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-08)
20.1 The snapshot mechanism . 202
20.2 The Alt statement . 202
20.3 The Repeat statement . 206
20.4 The Interleave statement . 207
20.5 Default Handling . 209
20.5.0 General . 209
20.5.1 The default mechanism . 210
20.5.2 The Activate operation . 210
20.5.3 The Deactivate operation . 211
21 Configuration Operations . 212
21.0 General . 212
21.1 Connection Operations . 213
21.1.0 General . 213
21.1.1 The Connect and Map operations . 214
21.1.2 The Disconnect and Unmap operations . 216
21.2 Test case operations. 217
21.2.0 General . 217
21.2.1 Test case stop operation . 218
21.3 Component Operations . 218
21.3.0 General . 218
21.3.1 The Create operation . 218
21.3.2 The Start component operation . 220
21.3.3 The Stop component operation . 221
21.3.4 The Kill component operation . 222
21.3.5 The Alive operation . 223
21.3.6 The Running operation . 224
21.3.7 The Done operation . 225
21.3.8 The Killed operation . 227
21.3.9 Summary of the use of any and all with components . 230
21.3.10 The Call test component behaviour operation . 230
22 Communication operations. 232
22.0 General . 232
22.1 The communication mechanisms . 232
22.1.0 General . 232
22.1.1 Principles of message-based communication. 232
22.1.2 Principles of procedure-based communication . 233
22.1.3 Principles of unicast, multicast and broadcast communication . 233
22.1.4 General format of communication operations . 234
22.1.4.0 General . 234
22.1.4.1 General format of the sending operations . 234
22.1.4.2 General format of the receiving operations . 235
22.2 Message-based communication . 236
22.2.0 General .
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2021
Metode za preskušanje in specificiranje (MTS) - 3. različica zapisa preskušanja in
krmiljenja preskusov - 1. del: Jedrni jezik TTCN-3
Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS) - The Testing and Test Control Notation
version 3 - Part 1: TTCN-3 Core Language
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-08)
ICS:
33.040.01 Telekomunikacijski sistemi na Telecommunication systems
splošno in general
35.060 Jeziki, ki se uporabljajo v Languages used in
informacijski tehniki in information technology
tehnologiji
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
ETSI STANDARD
Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS);
The Testing and Test Control Notation version 3;
Part 1: TTCN-3 Core Language
2 ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-08)
Reference
RES/MTS-201873-1V4.13.1
Keywords
language, methodology, testing, TTCN-3
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No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
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The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© ETSI 2021.
All rights reserved.
ETSI
3 ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-08)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 13
Foreword . 13
Modal verbs terminology . 14
1 Scope . 15
2 References . 15
2.1 Normative references . 15
2.2 Informative references . 16
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 18
3.1 Terms . 18
3.2 Symbols . 23
3.3 Abbreviations . 23
4 Introduction . 25
4.0 General . 25
4.1 The core language and presentation formats . 25
4.2 Unanimity of the specification . 27
4.3 Conformance . 27
5 Basic language elements . 27
5.0 General . 27
5.1 Identifiers and keywords . 28
5.2 Scope rules . 28
5.2.0 General . 28
5.2.1 Scope of formal parameters . 31
5.2.2 Uniqueness of identifiers . 31
5.3 Ordering of language elements . 32
5.4 Parameterization . 32
5.4.0 General . 32
5.4.1 Formal parameters . 33
5.4.1.0 General . 33
5.4.1.1 Formal parameters of kind value . 33
5.4.1.2 Formal parameters of kind template . 36
5.4.2 Actual parameters . 38
5.5 Cyclic Definitions. 43
6 Types and values . 44
6.0 General . 44
6.1 Basic types and values . 45
6.1.0 Simple basic types and values. 45
6.1.1 Basic string types and values . 46
6.1.1.0 General . 46
6.1.1.1 Accessing individual string elements . 48
6.1.2 Subtyping of basic types . 49
6.1.2.0 General . 49
6.1.2.1 Lists of templates . 49
6.1.2.2 Lists of types . 49
6.1.2.3 Ranges . 50
6.1.2.4 String length restrictions . 50
6.1.2.5 Pattern subtyping of character string types . 51
6.1.2.6 Mixing subtyping mechanisms . 51
6.1.2.6.1 Mixing patterns, lists and ranges . 51
6.1.2.6.2 Using length restriction with other constraints . 52
6.2 Structured types and values . 52
6.2.0 General . 52
6.2.1 Record type and values . 54
6.2.1.0 General . 54
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4 ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-08)
6.2.1.1 Referencing fields of a record type . 57
6.2.1.2 Optional elements in a record. 58
6.2.1.3 Nested type definitions for field types . 58
6.2.2 Set type and values . 59
6.2.2.0 General . 59
6.2.2.1 Referencing fields of a set type . 59
6.2.2.2 Optional elements in a set . 59
6.2.2.3 Nested type definition for field types . 59
6.2.3 Records and sets of single types . 59
6.2.3.0 General . 59
6.2.3.1 Nested type definitions . 62
6.2.3.2 Referencing elements of record of and set of types . 62
6.2.4 Enumerated type and values . 63
6.2.5 Unions . 65
6.2.5.0 General . 65
6.2.5.1 Referencing fields of a union type . 66
6.2.5.2 Option and union . 67
6.2.5.3 Nested type definition for field types . 67
6.2.6 The anytype . 68
6.2.7 Arrays . 68
6.2.8 The default type . 70
6.2.9 Communication port types . 70
6.2.10 Component types . 72
6.2.10.1 Component type definition . 72
6.2.10.2 Reuse of component types . 73
6.2.11 Component references . 75
6.2.12 Addressing entities inside the SUT . 77
6.2.13 Subtyping of structured types . 79
6.2.13.0 General . 79
6.2.13.1 Length subtyping of record ofs and set ofs . 79
6.2.13.2 List subtyping of structured types and anytype . 80
6.2.13.3 Subtyping of the iterated type of record ofs and set ofs . 83
6.2.13.4 Mixing subtyping mechanisms . 84
6.2.14 The timer type . 84
6.2.15 Map types . 84
6.2.15.0 General . 84
6.2.15.1 Map Type Definition . 84
6.2.15.2 Indexed Assignment Notation . 85
6.2.15.3 Unmapping Keys . 85
6.2.15.4 Index Notation . 86
6.2.15.5 Accessing the Keys of a Map . 86
6.2.15.6 Accessing the Values of a Map . 87
6.2.15.7 Referencing of Elements of a Map . 87
6.2.15.8 Nested type definitions . 87
6.2.16 The open type . 87
6.3 Type compatibility . 88
6.3.0 General . 88
6.3.1 Compatibility of non-structured types . 88
6.3.2 Compatibility of structured types . 90
6.3.2.0 General . 90
6.3.2.1 Compatibility of enumerated types . 90
6.3.2.2 Compatibility of record and record of types . 91
6.3.2.3 Compatibility of set and set of types . 92
6.3.2.4 Compatibility of union types . 93
6.3.2.5 Compatibility of anytype types . 93
6.3.2.6 Compatibility between sub-structures . 94
6.3.2.7 Compatibility of the open type . 94
6.3.3 Compatibility of component types . 95
6.3.4 Type compatibility of communication and connection operations . 95
6.3.5 Type conversion . 96
6.3.6 Type compatibility of port types . 96
6.3.7 Type compatibility of timer types . 96
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5 ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-08)
6.3.8 Type Compatibility of Map Types . 96
6.4 Type synonym . 96
7 Expressions . 96
7.0 General . 96
7.1 Operators . 97
7.1.0 General . 97
7.1.1 Arithmetic operators . 99
7.1.2 List operator . 99
7.1.3 Relational operators . 100
7.1.4 Logical operators . 103
7.1.5 Bitwise operators . 103
7.1.6 Shift operators . 104
7.1.7 Rotate operators . 104
7.1.8 Presence checking operators . 105
7.1.8.0 General . 105
7.1.8.1 The ispresent operator . 106
7.1.8.2 The ischosen operator . 107
7.1.8.3 The isvalue operator . 108
7.1.8.4 The isbound operator. 110
7.2 Field references and list ele me nts . 111
7.3 Decoded field reference . 111
8 Modules . 112
8.0 General . 112
8.1 Definition of a module . 112
8.2 Module definitions part . 113
8.2.0 General . 113
8.2.1 Module parameters . 114
8.2.2 Groups of definitions . 115
8.2.3 Importing from modules . 116
8.2.3.0 General . 116
8.2.3.1 General format of import . 117
8.2.3.2 Importing single definitions . 123
8.2.3.3 Importing groups . 124
8.2.3.4 Importing definitions of the same kind . 125
8.2.3.5 Importing all definitions of a module . 126
8.2.3.6 Import definitions from other TTCN-3 editions and from non-TTCN-3 modules . 127
8.2.3.7 Importing of import statements from TTCN-3 modules . 128
8.2.3.8 Compatibility of language specifications in imports . 129
8.2.4 Definition of friend modules . 130
8.2.5 Visibility of definitions . 130
8.3 Module control part . 132
9 Port types, component types and test configurations . 133
9.0 General . 133
9.1 Communication ports . 133
9.2 Test system interface . 136
10 Declaring constants . 138
11 Declaring variables . 138
11.0 General . 138
11.1 Value variables . 139
11.2 Template variables . 140
12 Declaring timers . 141
13 Declaring messages . 142
14 Declaring procedure signatures . 143
15 Declaring templates . 144
15.0 General . 144
15.1 Declaring message templates . 145
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6 ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-08)
15.2 Declaring signature templates . 147
15.3 Global and local templates . 148
15.4 In-line Templates . 149
15.5 Modified templates . 150
15.6 Referencing elements of templates or template fields . 155
15.6.0 General . 155
15.6.1 Referencing individual string elements. 155
15.6.2 Referencing record and set fields . 155
15.6.3 Referencing record of and set of elements . 156
15.6.4 Referencing signature parameters . 159
15.6.5 Referencing union alternatives . 160
15.7 Template matching mechanisms . 161
15.7.0 General . 161
15.7.1 Specific values . 162
15.7.2 Special symbols that can be used instead of values . 163
15.7.3 Special symbols that can be used inside values . 164
15.7.4 Special symbols which describe attributes of values . 164
15.8 Template Restrictions . 165
15.9 Match Operation . 168
15.10 Valueof Operation . 169
15.11 Concatenating templates of string and list types . 170
15.12 The omit operation . 172
15.13 The present operation . 173
16 Functions, altsteps and testcases . 174
16.0 General . 174
16.1 Functions . 174
16.1.0 General . 174
16.1.1 Invoking functions . 176
16.1.2 Predefined functions . 177
16.1.3 External functions . 179
16.1.4 Invoking functions from specific places . 180
16.1.5 Explicit control functions . 181
16.2 Altsteps . 181
16.2.0 General . 181
16.2.1 Invoking altsteps . 183
16.3 Test cases. 185
17 Void . 186
18 Overview of program statements and operations . 186
19 Basic program statements . 188
19.0 General . 188
19.1 Assignments . 189
19.2 The If-else statement . 190
19.3 The Select statements . 191
19.3.1 The Select case statement . 191
19.3.2 The Select union statement . 192
19.4 The For statement . 193
19.5 The While statement . 194
19.6 The Do-while statement . 194
19.7 The Label statement . 194
19.8 The Goto statement . 195
19.9 The Stop execution statement . 196
19.10 The Return statement . 197
19.11 The Log statement . 198
19.12 The Break statement . 199
19.13 The Continue statement . 200
19.14 Statement block . 201
20 Statement and operations for alternative behaviours . 201
20.0 General . 201
ETSI
7 ETSI ES 201 873-1 V4.13.1 (2021-08)
20.1 The snapshot mechanism . 202
20.2 The Alt statement . 202
20.3 The Repeat statement . 206
20.4 The Interleave statement . 207
20.5 Default Handling . 209
20.5.0 General . 209
20.5.1 The default mechanism . 210
20.5.2 The Activate operation . 210
20.5.3 The Deactivate operation . 211
21 Configuration Operations . 212
21.0 General . 212
21.1 Connection Operations . 213
21.1.0 General . 213
21.1.1 The Connect and Map operations . 214
21.1.2 The Disconnect and Unmap operations . 216
21.2 Test case operations. 217
21.2.0 General . 217
21.2.1 Test case stop operation . 218
21.3 Component Operations . 218
21.3.0 General . 218
21.3.1 The Create operation . 218
21.3.2 The Start component operation . 220
21.3.3 The Stop component operation . 221
21.3.4 The Kill component operation . 222
21.3.5 The Alive operation . 223
21.3.6 The Running operation . 224
21.3.7 The Done operation . 225
21.3.8 The Killed operation . 227
21.3.9 Summary of the use of any and all with components . 230
21.3.10 The Call test component behaviour operation . 230
22 Communication operations. 232
22.0 General . 232
22.1 The communication mechanisms . 232
22.1.0 General . 232
22.1.1 Principles of message-base
...
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