SIST EN ISO 12944-2:1998
(Main)Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems - Part 2: Classification of environments (ISO 12944-2:1998)
Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems - Part 2: Classification of environments (ISO 12944-2:1998)
Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): !!! prEN ISO 12944-1 to -8 are a package: DOW = 1997-12-31 !!! (BT C 95/1996)
Beschichtungsstoffe - Korrosionsschutz von Stahlbauten durch Beschichtungssysteme - Teil 2: Einteilung der Umgebungsbedingungen (ISO 12944-2:1998)
Dieser Teil von ISO 12944 behandelt die Einteilung der wesentlichen Umgebungsbedingungen, denen Stahlbauten ausgesetzt sind, und die Korrosivität dieser Umgebungsbedingungen. Er definiert Korrosivitätskategorien der Atmosphäre, die auf Massenverlusten (oder Dickenverlusten) von Standardproben basieren, beschreibt typische natürliche atmosphärische Umgebungsbedingungen und gibt Hinweise zum Abschätzen ihrer Korrosivität; er beschreibt verschiedene Kategorien der Umgebungsbedingungen von Stahlbauten in Wasser oder im Erdreich.
Peintures et vernis - Anticorrosion des structures en acier par systemes de peinture - Partie 2: Classification des environnements (ISO 12944-2:1998)
L'IEC 62947-1:2022 spécifie les méthodes d'essai pour mesurer l'aptitude à la fonction des sièges de toilettes électriques à pulvérisation d'eau destinés à des usages domestiques et analogues.
Le présent document s'applique aux sièges à pulvérisation, y compris les sièges à pulvérisation de type réservoir, les sièges à pulvérisation de type instantané et les sièges à pulvérisation de type combiné.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux sièges électriques à pulvérisation destinés aux fonctions médicales et/ou d'aide à la personne.
La présente Norme internationale ne spécifie pas les exigences relatives au bruit aérien qui s'appliquent aux sièges électriques à pulvérisation. Les mesures de bruit aérien sont spécifiées dans l'IEC 60704-1 et dans la série IEC 60704-2.
Barve in laki - Korozijska zaščita jeklenih konstrukcij z zaščitnimi premaznimi sistemi - 2. del: Klasifikacija okolij (ISO 12944-2:1998)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 12944-2:1998
01-september-1998
%DUYHLQODNL.RUR]LMVND]DãþLWDMHNOHQLKNRQVWUXNFLM]]DãþLWQLPLSUHPD]QLPL
VLVWHPLGHO .ODVLILNDFLMDRNROLM ,62
Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint
systems - Part 2: Classification of environments (ISO 12944-2:1998)
Beschichtungsstoffe - Korrosionsschutz von Stahlbauten durch Beschichtungssysteme -
Teil 2: Einteilung der Umgebungsbedingungen (ISO 12944-2:1998)
Peintures et vernis - Anticorrosion des structures en acier par systemes de peinture -
Partie 2: Classification des environnements (ISO 12944-2:1998)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12944-2:1998
ICS:
25.220.20 Površinska obdelava Surface treatment
87.040 Barve in laki Paints and varnishes
91.080.13 Jeklene konstrukcije Steel structures
SIST EN ISO 12944-2:1998 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 12944-2:1998
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12944-2
First edition
1998-05-15
Paints and varnishes — Corrosion
protection of steel structures by protective
paint systems
Part 2:
Classification of environments
Peintures et vernis — Anticorrosion des structures en acier par systèmes
de peinture —
Partie 2: Classification des environnements
A
Reference number
ISO 12944-2:1998(E)
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SIST EN ISO 12944-2:1998
ISO 12944-2:1998(E)
Contents Page
1
1 Scope .
2 Normative references . 1
3 Definitions . 2
4 Corrosion stresses due to the atmosphere, water and soil . 3
5 Classification of environments . 4
Annexes
A Climatic conditions . 6
B Special cases . 7
© ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
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SIST EN ISO 12944-2:1998
©
ISO ISO 12944-2:1998(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 12944-2 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 14, Corrosion
protection of steel structures by protective paint systems.
ISO 12944 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paints
and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective
paint systems:
— Part 1: General introduction
— Part 2: Classification of environments
— Part 3: Design considerations
— Part 4: Types of surface and surface preparation
— Part 5: Protective paint systems
— Part 6: Laboratory performance test methods
— Part 7: Execution and supervision of paint work
— Part 8: Development of specifications for new work and maintenance
Annexes A and B of this part of ISO 12944 are for information only.
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SIST EN ISO 12944-2:1998
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ISO 12944-2:1998(E) ISO
Introduction
Unprotected steel in the atmosphere, in water and in soil is subject to
corrosion that may lead to damage. Therefore, to avoid corrosion damage,
steel structures are normally protected to withstand the corrosion stresses
during the service life required of the structure.
There are different ways of protecting steel structures from corrosion.
ISO 12944 deals with protection by paint systems and covers, in the
various parts, all features that are important in achieving adequate
corrosion protection. Additional or other measures are possible but require
particular agreement between the interested parties.
In order to ensure effective corrosion protection of steel structures, it is
necessary for owners of such structures, planners, consultants, companies
carrying out corrosion protection work, inspectors of protective coatings
and manufacturers of coating materials to have at their disposal state-of-
the-art information in concise form on corrosion protection by paint
systems. Such information has to be as complete as possible,
unambiguous and easily understandable to avoid difficulties and
misunderstandings between the parties concerned with the practical
implementation of protection work.
This International Standard — ISO 12944 — is intended to give this
information in the form of a series of instructions. It is written for those who
have some technical knowledge. It is also assumed that the user of
ISO 12944 is familiar with other relevant International Standards, in
particular those dealing with surface preparation, as well as relevant
national regulations.
Although ISO 12944 does not deal with financial and contractual questions,
attention is drawn to the fact that, because of the considerable implications
of inadequate corrosion protection, non-compliance with requirements and
recommendations given in this standard may result in serious financial
consequences.
ISO 12944-1 defines the overall scope of all parts of ISO 12944. It gives
some basic terms and definitions and a general introduction to the other
parts of ISO 12944. Furthermore, it includes a general statement on health,
safety and environmental protection, and guidelines for using ISO 12944
for a given project.
This part of ISO 12944 describes the environmental impact on steel
structures. It covers structures exposed to the atmosphere as well as those
immersed in water or buried in soil. For different atmospheric
environments, a classification system based on corrosivity categories is
presented. Different environments for immersed and buried structures are
also described. All these environments are relevant to the choice of
protective paint systems.
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SIST EN ISO 12944-2:1998
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO ISO 12944-2:1998(E)
Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures
by protective paint systems
Part 2:
Classification of environments
1 Scope
1.1 This part of ISO 12944 deals with the classification of the principal environments to which steel structures are
exposed, and the corrosivity of these environments. It
— defines atmospheric-corrosivity categories, based on mass loss (or thickness loss) by standard specimens, and
describes typical natural atmospheric environments to which steel structures are exposed, giving advice on the
estimation of the corrosivity;
— describes different categories of environment for structures immersed in water or buried in soil;
— gives information on some special corrosion stresses that may cause a significant increase in corrosion rate or
place higher demands on the performance of the protective paint system.
The corrosion stresses associated with a particular environment or corrosivity category represent one essential
parameter governing the selection of protective paint systems.
1.2 This part of ISO 12944 does not deal with the classification of those environments that consist of special
atmospheres (for example those in and around chemical and metallurgical plants).
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of
ISO 12944. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and
parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 12944 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid
International Standards.
ISO 9223:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Classification.
ISO 9226:1992, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Determination of corrosion rate
of standard specimens for the evaluation of corrosivity.
ISO 12944-1:1998, Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems —
Part 1: General introduction.
1)
EN 12501-1:— , Protection of metallic materials against corrosion— Corrosion likelihood in soil — Part 1: General.
1) To be published.
1
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ISO 12944-2:1998(E)
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 12944, the following definitions apply in addition to those given in ISO 12944-1.
NOTE — Some of the definitions have been taken from ISO 8044:1989, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Vocabulary, as
indicated.
3.1 corrosivity: Ability of an environment to cause corrosion in a given corrosion system. [ISO 8044]
3.2 corrosion stresses: The environmental factors which promote corrosion.
3.3 corrosion system: System consisting of one or more metals and all parts of the environment which influence
corrosion. [ISO 8044]
3.4 climate: The weather prevailing at a given location or in a given area, as established statistically by
meteorological parameters recorded over a prolonged period.
3.5 atmosphere: A mixture of gases, and normally also aerosols and particles, that surrounds a given object.
3.6 atmospheric corrosion: Corrosion with the Earth's atmosphere at ambient temperature as the corrosive
environment. [ISO 8044]
3.7 type of atmosphere: Characterization of the atmosphere on the basis of the corrosive agents present and
their concentration.
NOTE — The main corrosive agents are gases (especially sulfur dioxide) and salts (especially chlorides and/or sulfates).
3.7.1 rural atmosphere: The atmosphere prevailing in rural areas and small towns, without significant
contamination by corrosive agents such as sulfur dioxide and/or chlorides.
3.7.2 urban atmosphere: The contaminated atmosphere prevailing in densely populated areas without significant
industry. It has moderate concentrations of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and/or chlorides.
3.7.3 industrial atmosphere: The atmosphere contaminated by corrosive pollutants from local and regional
industry (mainly sulfur dioxide).
3.7.4 marine atmosphere: The atmosphere over and near the sea.
NOTE — A marine atmosphere will extend a certain distance inland, depending on topography and prevailing wind direction.
It is heavily polluted with sea-salt aerosols (mainly chlorides).
3.8 The atmospheric conditions prevailing around a constituent element of a structure.
local environment:
NOTE — These conditions determine the corrosivity category and include both meteorological and pollution parameters.
3.9 micro-environment: The environment at the interface between a constituent element of a structure and its
surroundings. The micro-environment is one of the decisive factors in the assessment of corrosion stresses.
3.10 time of wetness: The period during which a metal surface is covered by a film of electrolyte that is capable
of causing atmospheric corrosion. Guidance values for time of wetness can be calculated from temperature and
relative humidity by summing the hours during which the relative humidity is above 80 % and, at same time, the
temperature is above 0 °C.
2
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ISO 12944-2:1998(E)
4 Corrosion stresses due to the atmosphere, water and soil
4.1 Atmospheric corrosion
Atmospheric corrosion is a process that takes place in a film of moisture on the metal surface. The moisture film
may be so thin that it is invisible to the naked eye.
The corrosion rate is increased by the following factors:
— an increase in relative humidity;
— the occurrence of condensation (when the surface temperature is at or below the dew point);
— an increase in the amount of pollution in the atmosphere (the corrosive pollutants can react with the steel and
may form deposits on the surface).
Experience has shown that significant corrosion is likely to take place if the relative humidity is above 80 % and the
temperature above 0 °C. However, if pollutants and/or hygroscopic salts are present, corrosion occurs at much
lower humidity levels.
The atmospheric humidity and air temperature in a particular region of the world will depend on the climate
prevailing in that part of the world. A brief description of the most important climates is given in annex A.
The location of the constituent element of a structure also influences corrosion. Where structures are exposed to
the open air, climatic parameters such as rain and sunshine and pollutants in the form of gases or aerosols affect
corrosion. Under cover, the climatic influences are reduced. Indoors, the effect of atmospheric pollutants is reduced,
although a locally high corrosion rate c
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