SIST ISO 16000-24:2013
Indoor air - Part 24: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of volatile organic compound (except formaldehyde) concentrations by sorptive building materials
Indoor air - Part 24: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of volatile organic compound (except formaldehyde) concentrations by sorptive building materials
This part of ISO 16000 specifies a general laboratory test method for evaluating the reduction in concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (except formaldehyde) by sorptive building materials. This method applies to boards, wallpapers, carpets, paint products, and other building materials. The sorption of VOCs (except formaldehyde) can be brought about by adsorption, absorption and chemisorption. The performance of the material, with respect to its ability to reduce the concentration of VOCs (except formaldehyde) in indoor air, is evaluated by measuring sorption flux and saturation mass per area. The former directly indicates material performance with respect to VOC reduction at a point in time; the latter relates to the ability to maintain that performance. Formaldehyde has been excluded from this part of ISO 16000 because it is difficult to obtain as a stable standard in air. This part of ISO 16000 is based on the test chamber method specified in ISO 16000-9. Sampling, transport and storage of materials to be tested, and preparation of test specimens are described in ISO 16000-11. Air sampling and analytical methods for the determination of carbonyl compounds (except formaldehyde) are described in ISO 16000-3, and those of VOCs are described in ISO 16000-6 and ISO 16017-1.
Air intérieur - Partie 24: Essai de performance pour l'évaluation de la réduction des concentrations en composés organiques volatils (sauf formaldéhyde) par des matériaux de construction sorptifs
L'ISO 16000-24:2009 sp�cifie une m�thode g�n�rale d'essai de laboratoire en vue de l'�valuation de la r�duction des concentrations en compos�s organiques volatils (COV) (sauf formald�hyde) gr�ce � l'utilisation de mat�riaux de construction sorptifs. Cette m�thode s'applique aux planches, papiers peints, tapis, produits de peinture et autres mat�riaux de construction. La sorption de COV (sauf formald�hyde) peut �tre r�alis�e par adsorption, absorption et chimisorption. La performance du mat�riau, au regard de sa capacit� de r�duction de la concentration en COV (sauf formald�hyde) en air int�rieur, est �valu�e par flux de sorption et masse surfacique de saturation. Le premier indique directement la performance d'un mat�riau en fonction de la r�duction de la concentration en COV � un instant donn�; la derni�re indique la capacit� d'un produit � maintenir cette performance.
Le formald�hyde a �t� exclu de l'ISO 16000-24:2009 car il est difficile de l'obtenir � une concentration stable dans l'air.
L'ISO 16000-24:2009 est bas�e sur la m�thode de la chambre d'essai telle que sp�cifi�e dans l'ISO 16000‑9. L'�chantillonnage, le transport et le stockage des mat�riaux � soumettre � essai, ainsi que la pr�paration des �prouvettes pour essai, sont sp�cifi�s dans l'ISO 16000‑11. L'�chantillonnage de l'air et les m�thodes d'analyse en vue de la d�termination des compos�s carbonyl�s (sauf formald�hyde) sont d�crits dans l'ISO 16000‑3 et, pour les COV, dans l'ISO 16000‑6 et l'ISO 16017‑1.
Notranji zrak - 24. del: Zmogljivostni preskus za vrednotenje zmanjšanja koncentracije hlapnih organskih spojin (razen formaldehida) z vpojnimi stavbnimi gradbenimi materiali
Ta del standarda ISO 16000 določa splošne laboratorijske preskusne metode za vrednotenje zmanjšanja koncentracije hlapnih organskih spojin (VOC) (razen formaldehida) z vpojnimi gradbenimi materiali. Ta metoda se uporablja za plošče, tapete, preproge, barve in druge gradbene materiale. Vpijanje hlapnih oranskih spojin (razen formaldehida) se lahko doseže z adsorpcijo, absorpcijo in kemisorpcijo. Učinek materiala glede na njegovo zmožnost zmanjševanja koncentracije hlapnih organskih spojin (razen formaldehida) v notranjem zraku se vrednosti z merjenjem toka vpijanja in mase nasičenosti na površino. Prvi neposredno nakazuje, kakšen je učinek materiala na zmanjševanje koncentracije hlapnih organskih spojin v nekem trenutku; slednja pa se nanaša na sposobnost izdelka, da ta učinek vzdržuje. Formaldehid je bil iz tega dela standarda ISO 16000 izključen, ker ga je iz zraka težko pridobiti v stabilni obliki. Ta del standarda ISO 16000 temelji na metodi preskusne komore, navedene v standardu ISO 16000-9. Vzorčenje, prevoz in skladiščenje materialov, ki se jih bo preskušalo, in priprava preskušancev so opisani v standardu ISO 16000-11. Vzorčenje zraka in analizne metode za ugotavljanje prisotnosti karbonilnih spojin (razen formaldehida) so opisane v standardu ISO 16000-3, tiste za hlapne organske spojine pa so opisane v standardu ISO 16000-6 in ISO 16017-1.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16000-24
First edition
2009-12-15
Indoor air —
Part 24:
Performance test for evaluating the
reduction of volatile organic compound
(except formaldehyde) concentrations
by sorptive building materials
Air intérieur —
Partie 24: Essai de performance pour l'évaluation de la réduction des
concentrations en composés organiques volatils (sauf formaldéhyde)
par des matériaux de construction sorptifs
Reference number
ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
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ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
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ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Symbols.4
5 Principle.4
6 Apparatus and materials.5
7 Test conditions .6
7.1 General .6
7.2 Test conditions for concentration reduction performance determination.7
7.3 Factors affecting the concentration reduction performance.8
8 Verification of test conditions.8
8.1 Monitoring of test conditions.8
8.2 Air-tightness of test chamber .8
8.3 Air change rate in test chamber.9
8.4 Efficiency of the internal test chamber air mixing .9
8.5 Recovery.9
9 Preparation of test chamber.9
10 Preparation of test specimens .9
11 Test methods .9
11.1 Background concentration and spiked supply air.9
11.2 Placing the test specimen in the test chamber .10
11.3 Time intervals for measurement of chamber concentration.10
11.4 Air sampling.10
12 Determination of target compounds .11
13 Expression of results.11
13.1 Calculation of sorption flux.11
13.2 Calculation of equivalent ventilation rate per area .11
13.3 Calculation of total mass per area of sorption and saturation mass per area.11
14 Test report.12
Annex A (normative) Sample tube test for long-term reduction performance.14
Annex B (normative) System for quality assurance and quality control .18
Bibliography.20
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take Part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16000-24 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Indoor air.
ISO 16000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Indoor air :
⎯ Part 1: General aspects of sampling strategy
⎯ Part 2: Sampling strategy for formaldehyde
⎯ Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds — Active sampling method
⎯ Part 4: Determination of formaldehyde — Diffusive sampling method
⎯ Part 5: Sampling strategy for volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
⎯ Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on
Tenax TA® sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS/FID
⎯ Part 7: Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations
⎯ Part 8: Determination of local mean ages of air in buildings for characterizing ventilation conditions
⎯ Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Emission test chamber method
⎯ Part 10: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Emission test cell method
⎯ Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
⎯ Part 12: Sampling strategy for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
(PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
⎯ Part 13: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) — Collection on sorbent-backed filters
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
⎯ Part 14: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) — Extraction, clean-up and analysis by
high-resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
⎯ Part 15: Sampling strategy for nitrogen dioxide (NO )
2
⎯ Part 16: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling by filtration
⎯ Part 17: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Culture-based method
⎯ Part 18: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling by impaction
⎯ Part 23: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of formaldehyde concentrations by sorptive
building materials
⎯ Part 24: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of volatile organic compounds (except
formaldehyde) concentrations by sorptive building materials
⎯ Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic compounds by building products — Micro-
chamber method
The following parts are under preparation:
⎯ Part 19: Sampling strategy for moulds
⎯ Part 26: Measurement strategy for carbon dioxide (CO )
2
⎯ Part 28: Sensory evaluation of emissions from building materials and products
The following parts are planned:
⎯ Part 20: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling from house dust
⎯ Part 21: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling from materials
⎯ Part 22: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Molecular methods
⎯ Part 27: Standard method for the quantitative analysis of asbestos fibres in settled dust
⎯ Part 30: Sensory testing of indoor air
Furthermore:
⎯ ISO 12219-1, Indoor air — Road vehicles — Part 1: Whole vehicle test chamber — Specification and
method for the determination of volatile organic compounds in car interiors [planned document]
⎯ ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambient and workplace air — Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds
by sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography — Part 1: Pumped sampling
⎯ ISO 16017-2, Indoor, ambient and workplace air — Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds
by sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography — Part 2: Diffusive sampling
focus on volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements.
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ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
Introduction
Sorptive building materials have been marketed in the form of sheet and board products for removing airborne
pollutants via physical sorption or chemical reaction.
Harmonized test methods for evaluating sorptive effects are important for comparative assessment of the
performance of sorptive building materials that are used for reducing levels of indoor air contaminants.
This part of ISO 16000 specifies a test method for evaluating the performance of sorptive building materials
for reducing indoor air volatile organic compound (VOC) (except formaldehyde) concentrations over time.
The performance of sorptive building materials is evaluated by sorption flux and saturation mass per area and
is affected by a number of factors. Specific test conditions are therefore defined in this part of ISO 16000.
This part of ISO 16000 can be applied to most sorptive building materials used indoors and for VOCs
(excluding formaldehyde).
This part of ISO 16000 is based on and is complementary to the test chamber method specified in
ISO 16000-9.
vi © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
Indoor air —
Part 24:
Performance test for evaluating the reduction of volatile organic
compound (except formaldehyde) concentrations by sorptive
building materials
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16000 specifies a general laboratory test method for evaluating the reduction in concentration
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (except formaldehyde) by sorptive building materials. This method
applies to boards, wallpapers, carpets, paint products, and other building materials. The sorption of VOCs
(except formaldehyde) can be brought about by adsorption, absorption and chemisorption. The performance
of the material, with respect to its ability to reduce the concentration of VOCs (except formaldehyde) in indoor
air, is evaluated by measuring sorption flux and saturation mass per area. The former directly indicates
material performance with respect to VOC reduction at a point in time; the latter relates to the ability to
maintain that performance.
Formaldehyde has been excluded from this part of ISO 16000 because it is difficult to obtain as a stable
standard in air.
This part of ISO 16000 is based on the test chamber method specified in ISO 16000-9. Sampling, transport
and storage of materials to be tested, and preparation of test specimens are described in ISO 16000-11. Air
sampling and analytical methods for the determination of carbonyl compounds (except formaldehyde) are
described in ISO 16000-3, and those of VOCs are described in ISO 16000-6 and ISO 16017-1.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications
ISO 6353-3, Reagents for chemical analysis — Part 3: Specifications — Second series
ISO 16000-3, Indoor air — Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds — Active
sampling method
ISO 16000-6, Indoor air — Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air
®
by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS/FID
ISO 16000-9:2006, Indoor air — Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from
building products and furnishing — Emission test chamber method
ISO 16000-11, Indoor air — Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from
building products and furnishing — Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambient and workplace air — Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by
sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography — Part 1: Pumped sampling
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this part of ISO 16000, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
breakthrough time
t
b
〈indoor air〉 time at which the volatile organic compound concentration in the air eluting from the sample tube
reaches 0,5 % of the concentration in the supply air
3.2
degradation coefficient
〈indoor air〉 ratio of the mass of volatile organic compounds and carbonyl compounds removed by the initial
performance divided by the mass of the same compounds lost by deterioration
3.3
elapsed time
t
e
〈indoor air〉 time from start of test to the start of air sampling
NOTE Elapsed time is expressed in days.
3.4
equivalent ventilation rate per area
F
V, eq
〈indoor air〉 increased clean air ventilation rate giving the same reduction in volatile organic compound
concentration as the building material
3.5
guideline concentration
〈indoor air〉 guideline indoor air concentration for a target chemical compound as specified by the WHO or an
appropriate national standards body
3.6
half-lifetime
〈indoor air〉 time elapsed from the start of the test until the volatile organic compound concentration decreases
to one-half of the initial concentration
3.7
lifetime
t
lt
〈indoor air〉 time period over which the product continues to reduce volatile organic compound concentrations
NOTE 1 The lifetime is given in days or years.
NOTE 2 The lifetime is estimated from the sorption flux and sorption capacity measured by the sample tube test.
3.8
mass transfer coefficient
k
a
〈indoor air〉 coefficient arising from the concentration difference between the test specimen and ambient air
over its surface
NOTE Mass transfer coefficient is expressed in meters per hour.
2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
3.9
recovery
〈indoor air〉 measured mass of volatile organic compounds (except formaldehyde) in the air leaving the test
chamber with no sample present conditioned over a given time period divided by the mass of volatile organic
compounds (except formaldehyde) added to the test chamber in the same time period
NOTE 1 The recovery is expressed as a percentage and provides information about the performance of the entire
method.
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.9.
3.10
saturation mass per area
ρ
Aa
theoretical maximum mass of volatile organic compounds (except formaldehyde) that could be removed per
area of the sorptive material
NOTE Saturation mass per area is expressed in micrograms per square metre. It corresponds to the total mass per
area of sorption at the half-lifetime, or is extrapolated from the sorption capacity derived from the test specified in Annex A.
3.11
sorption capacity
w
s
total mass of volatile organic compounds (except formaldehyde) sorbed at breakthrough time per mass of
sorbent
NOTE Sorption capacity is expressed in micrograms per gram and is measured using the test specified in Annex A.
3.12
sorption flux
F
m
mass of volatile organic compounds (except formaldehyde) sorbed per time per area at the specified elapsed
time from the test start
3.13
supply air concentration
ρ
s
mass concentration of volatile organic compounds (except formaldehyde) in the air for supply to the test
chamber
3.14
test chamber concentration
〈indoor air〉 concentration of volatile organic compounds (except formaldehyde) measured at the outlet of a
test chamber, derived by dividing the mass of the volatile organic compounds (except formaldehyde) sampled
at the outlet of the chamber by the volume of sampled air
3.15
total mass per area of sorption
integral over time of sorptive flux from the start of the test to the specified elapsed time measured with the test
chamber
NOTE Total mass per area of sorption is expressed in micrograms per square metre.
3.16
vapour sampling period
〈indoor air〉 period of time during which air is sampled from the outlet of the test chamber using sampling tubes
or other devices
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ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
4 Symbols
Symbol Meaning Unit
ρ mass of sorptive material per area (surface density) grams per square metre
A
ρ saturation mass per area micrograms per square metre
Aa
ρ total mass per area of sorption measured by chamber micrograms per square metre
Ac
test
ρ concentration of target compound at test chamber micrograms per cubic metre
in, t
inlet at elapsed time t
ρ test chamber concentration at elapsed time t micrograms per cubic metre
out, t
ρ supply air concentration in sample tube micrograms per cubic metre
s
A surface area of test specimen square metres
F sorption flux per time per area micrograms per square metre per hour
m
F air flow rate per area cubic metres per square metre per hour
V, a
F equivalent ventilation rate per area cubic metres per square metre per hour
V, eq
k mass transfer coefficient determined using water metres per hour
a
vapor
L product loading factor square metres per cubic metre
m actual mass of test specimen in sample tube grams
n air change rate changes per hour
q air flow rate of test chamber cubic metres per hour
c
q air flow rate of sample tube litres per minute
s
t breakthrough time minutes
b
t elapsed time hours or days
e
t lifetime of the pollutant-removing performance hours or days or years
lt
V air volume of test chamber cubic metres
w sorption capacity measured by sample tube micrograms per gram
s
5 Principle
The performance of a building material, the test material, with respect to its ability to reduce the concentration
of target VOCs (except formaldehyde) is evaluated by monitoring the reduction of the vapour concentration
inside a test chamber containing a test specimen of that material. The test includes an assessment of both the
initial performance of the material and how long that performance is maintained. Target compounds are VOCs
(except formaldehyde) detected in the test chamber inlet and outlet air.
In this test method, target compounds are spiked into the air of a test chamber containing the material under
test. The spiked air should be prepared approximately at the WHO guideline level for target compounds in
indoor air. Reference to national standards is possible if this is clearly highlighted in the test report and
certificate.
Performance is determined by monitoring the difference of the inlet and outlet concentration of the test
chamber. Testing should be continued for the half-lifetime, i.e. until the concentration of target compounds
decreases to one-half of the initial concentration under constant ventilation conditions. With this test, sorption
flux, F , and total mass per area of sorption, ρ , at the half-lifetime are determined. The measured ρ at the
m Ac Ac
half-lifetime is defined as the saturation mass per area, ρ .
Aa
4 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
If a test material has a long-lasting target compound reduction performance (e.g. more than 28 days) and it
might take too long a time for the test, alternative methods specified in Annex A for determining ρ may be
Aa
applied.
The performance of sorptive building materials is mainly determined by the concentration of target compounds,
the mass transfer coefficient of target compounds to the surface, and the sorption characteristics of the
building materials themselves (adsorption isotherm, diffusion resistance, and so on). Therefore, the
performance test method shall specify both the concentration of target compounds and the mass transfer
coefficient associated with the sorptive building materials.
This method does not apply to materials capable of decomposing VOCs (except formaldehyde) by catalytic
reaction in the presence of ultraviolet and visible rays.
NOTE The long-term target compound reduction performance is represented by the saturation mass per area, ρ ,
Aa
and, if necessary, the lifetime of the pollutant-removing performance, t , as the subsidiary index.
lt
6 Apparatus and materials
Usual laboratory equipment, and in particular the following.
6.1 Test chamber, complying with with relevant specifications and requirements of ISO 16000-9 (see
Figure 1). No air shall be allowed to circulate from the outlet back to the inlet.
Key
1 target compound(s) in spiked air
2 sampling device
3 test specimen
4 test chamber
5 device to circulate air and control air velocity
6 temperature/humidity monitoring apparatus
7 test chamber outlet
8 sampling device
Figure 1 — Outline of the chamber system
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 5
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ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
6.2 Sealing material for test specimens, such as aluminium foil or a tape covered with aluminium foil,
to cover the edges and the back of the test specimen, if only the surface normally directly exposed to the
indoor environment under the intended conditions of use is the subject of the test.
6.3 Air purifier or cylinder of clean air. The purifier shall ensure the supply air before being spiked with
target compounds is as clean as possible, i.e. it shall not contain any contaminants at levels greater than the
chamber background requirements. In order to prevent a rise in background concentration, an air purifier shall
be provided or a cylinder of clean air shall be used.
6.4 Supply air spiked with target compound(s). Apply a standard gas (with known target compound
concentrations) or a stable source like a target compound solution as specified in ISO 6353-3 to generate
spiked air for supply of the test chamber, at a constant concentration. The stability of the spiked
concentration(s) shall be monitored.
The spiked concentration(s) should be determined at least twice (at the beginning and end of the test).
6.5 Temperature and humidity control. Temperature shall be maintained either by installing a test
chamber in a place maintained at a required temperature, such as a constant-temperature climate chamber,
or by maintaining a required temperature in the chamber. Relative humidity shall be maintained at the required
humidity of the supply air.
6.6 Air flow meter, installed at the inlet or the outlet of the test chamber to measure the air flow rate
through the chamber.
6.7 Air sampling devices. Use the inlet and outlet air of the test chamber for sampling. When a separate
sampling port is used, sample directly from the inlet or outlet of the chamber.
If a duct or tube is used, it shall be as short as possible and maintained at the same air temperature as that in
the test chamber. Such a duct or tube shall be made of a material with a very low sorption capacity, e.g.
polytetrafluoroethylene.
The sum of sampling air flow rates shall be smaller than the air flow rate into the chamber. Sampling devices
shall comply with the specifications of ISO 16000-3 and ISO 16000-6, respectively. When the air is sampled
from the inlet, ensure the supply air flow rate remains constant.
A multiport sampling manifold may be used to provide flexibility for duplicate air sampling. A mixing chamber
between the test chamber and the manifold or between the air inlet and the test chamber can be included to
permit addition and mixing of internal standard gases with the test chamber air stream.
The exhaust from the test chamber should be ducted into a fume hood, ensuring any chemicals emitted from
the test material are isolated from the laboratory environment.
6.8 Analytical instrument. For determination of VOCs, a gas chromatograph (GC) shall be used as
specified in ISO 16000-6 and ISO 16017-1. For determination of carbonyl compounds, a high performance
liquid chromatograph (HPLC) shall also be used as specified in ISO 16000-3. Alternative devices with an
equal or better accuracy may be used.
7 Test conditions
7.1 General
The test conditions shall comply with 7.2 and 7.3. This test shall be conducted under atmospheric pressure
conditions.
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ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
7.2 Test conditions for concentration reduction performance determination
7.2.1 Temperature and relative humidity
Building materials for use in Europe and America shall be tested in accordance with ISO 554 at a temperature
of 23 °C ± 2 °C and relative humidity 50 % ± 5 % during the test.
Building materials for use in Japan shall be tested at a temperature of 28 °C ± 1 °C and relative humidity
50 % ± 5 % during the test.
For building materials with applications under other climatic conditions, alternative temperature and air
humidity conditions may be used, preferably as specified in ISO 554. State the conditions in the test report.
To check the test material for temperature dependence of reduction performance, measurements under other
climatic conditions may be applied.
Initial variations can be observed in the test chamber climate after opening the test chamber door and loading
a test specimen. These variati
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 16000-24:2013
01-december-2013
Notranji zrak - 24. del: Zmogljivostni preskus za vrednotenje zmanjšanja
koncentracije hlapnih organskih spojin (razen formaldehida) z vpojnimi stavbnimi
gradbenimi materiali
Indoor air - Part 24: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of volatile organic
compound (except formaldehyde) concentrations by sorptive building materials
Air intérieur - Partie 24: Essai de performance pour l'évaluation de la réduction des
concentrations en composés organiques volatils (sauf formaldéhyde) par des matériaux
de construction sorptifs
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 16000-24:2009
ICS:
13.040.20 Kakovost okoljskega zraka Ambient atmospheres
SIST ISO 16000-24:2013 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO 16000-24:2013
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SIST ISO 16000-24:2013
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16000-24
First edition
2009-12-15
Indoor air —
Part 24:
Performance test for evaluating the
reduction of volatile organic compound
(except formaldehyde) concentrations
by sorptive building materials
Air intérieur —
Partie 24: Essai de performance pour l'évaluation de la réduction des
concentrations en composés organiques volatils (sauf formaldéhyde)
par des matériaux de construction sorptifs
Reference number
ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
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SIST ISO 16000-24:2013
ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
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ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 16000-24:2013
ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Symbols.4
5 Principle.4
6 Apparatus and materials.5
7 Test conditions .6
7.1 General .6
7.2 Test conditions for concentration reduction performance determination.7
7.3 Factors affecting the concentration reduction performance.8
8 Verification of test conditions.8
8.1 Monitoring of test conditions.8
8.2 Air-tightness of test chamber .8
8.3 Air change rate in test chamber.9
8.4 Efficiency of the internal test chamber air mixing .9
8.5 Recovery.9
9 Preparation of test chamber.9
10 Preparation of test specimens .9
11 Test methods .9
11.1 Background concentration and spiked supply air.9
11.2 Placing the test specimen in the test chamber .10
11.3 Time intervals for measurement of chamber concentration.10
11.4 Air sampling.10
12 Determination of target compounds .11
13 Expression of results.11
13.1 Calculation of sorption flux.11
13.2 Calculation of equivalent ventilation rate per area .11
13.3 Calculation of total mass per area of sorption and saturation mass per area.11
14 Test report.12
Annex A (normative) Sample tube test for long-term reduction performance.14
Annex B (normative) System for quality assurance and quality control .18
Bibliography.20
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SIST ISO 16000-24:2013
ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take Part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16000-24 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Indoor air.
ISO 16000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Indoor air :
⎯ Part 1: General aspects of sampling strategy
⎯ Part 2: Sampling strategy for formaldehyde
⎯ Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds — Active sampling method
⎯ Part 4: Determination of formaldehyde — Diffusive sampling method
⎯ Part 5: Sampling strategy for volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
⎯ Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on
Tenax TA® sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS/FID
⎯ Part 7: Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations
⎯ Part 8: Determination of local mean ages of air in buildings for characterizing ventilation conditions
⎯ Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Emission test chamber method
⎯ Part 10: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Emission test cell method
⎯ Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and
furnishing — Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
⎯ Part 12: Sampling strategy for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
(PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
⎯ Part 13: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) — Collection on sorbent-backed filters
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 16000-24:2013
ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
⎯ Part 14: Determination of total (gas and particle-phase) polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) — Extraction, clean-up and analysis by
high-resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
⎯ Part 15: Sampling strategy for nitrogen dioxide (NO )
2
⎯ Part 16: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling by filtration
⎯ Part 17: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Culture-based method
⎯ Part 18: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling by impaction
⎯ Part 23: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of formaldehyde concentrations by sorptive
building materials
⎯ Part 24: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of volatile organic compounds (except
formaldehyde) concentrations by sorptive building materials
⎯ Part 25: Determination of the emission of semi-volatile organic compounds by building products — Micro-
chamber method
The following parts are under preparation:
⎯ Part 19: Sampling strategy for moulds
⎯ Part 26: Measurement strategy for carbon dioxide (CO )
2
⎯ Part 28: Sensory evaluation of emissions from building materials and products
The following parts are planned:
⎯ Part 20: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling from house dust
⎯ Part 21: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Sampling from materials
⎯ Part 22: Detection and enumeration of moulds — Molecular methods
⎯ Part 27: Standard method for the quantitative analysis of asbestos fibres in settled dust
⎯ Part 30: Sensory testing of indoor air
Furthermore:
⎯ ISO 12219-1, Indoor air — Road vehicles — Part 1: Whole vehicle test chamber — Specification and
method for the determination of volatile organic compounds in car interiors [planned document]
⎯ ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambient and workplace air — Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds
by sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography — Part 1: Pumped sampling
⎯ ISO 16017-2, Indoor, ambient and workplace air — Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds
by sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography — Part 2: Diffusive sampling
focus on volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements.
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SIST ISO 16000-24:2013
ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
Introduction
Sorptive building materials have been marketed in the form of sheet and board products for removing airborne
pollutants via physical sorption or chemical reaction.
Harmonized test methods for evaluating sorptive effects are important for comparative assessment of the
performance of sorptive building materials that are used for reducing levels of indoor air contaminants.
This part of ISO 16000 specifies a test method for evaluating the performance of sorptive building materials
for reducing indoor air volatile organic compound (VOC) (except formaldehyde) concentrations over time.
The performance of sorptive building materials is evaluated by sorption flux and saturation mass per area and
is affected by a number of factors. Specific test conditions are therefore defined in this part of ISO 16000.
This part of ISO 16000 can be applied to most sorptive building materials used indoors and for VOCs
(excluding formaldehyde).
This part of ISO 16000 is based on and is complementary to the test chamber method specified in
ISO 16000-9.
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SIST ISO 16000-24:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
Indoor air —
Part 24:
Performance test for evaluating the reduction of volatile organic
compound (except formaldehyde) concentrations by sorptive
building materials
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16000 specifies a general laboratory test method for evaluating the reduction in concentration
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (except formaldehyde) by sorptive building materials. This method
applies to boards, wallpapers, carpets, paint products, and other building materials. The sorption of VOCs
(except formaldehyde) can be brought about by adsorption, absorption and chemisorption. The performance
of the material, with respect to its ability to reduce the concentration of VOCs (except formaldehyde) in indoor
air, is evaluated by measuring sorption flux and saturation mass per area. The former directly indicates
material performance with respect to VOC reduction at a point in time; the latter relates to the ability to
maintain that performance.
Formaldehyde has been excluded from this part of ISO 16000 because it is difficult to obtain as a stable
standard in air.
This part of ISO 16000 is based on the test chamber method specified in ISO 16000-9. Sampling, transport
and storage of materials to be tested, and preparation of test specimens are described in ISO 16000-11. Air
sampling and analytical methods for the determination of carbonyl compounds (except formaldehyde) are
described in ISO 16000-3, and those of VOCs are described in ISO 16000-6 and ISO 16017-1.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications
ISO 6353-3, Reagents for chemical analysis — Part 3: Specifications — Second series
ISO 16000-3, Indoor air — Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds — Active
sampling method
ISO 16000-6, Indoor air — Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air
®
by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS/FID
ISO 16000-9:2006, Indoor air — Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from
building products and furnishing — Emission test chamber method
ISO 16000-11, Indoor air — Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from
building products and furnishing — Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambient and workplace air — Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by
sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography — Part 1: Pumped sampling
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SIST ISO 16000-24:2013
ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this part of ISO 16000, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
breakthrough time
t
b
〈indoor air〉 time at which the volatile organic compound concentration in the air eluting from the sample tube
reaches 0,5 % of the concentration in the supply air
3.2
degradation coefficient
〈indoor air〉 ratio of the mass of volatile organic compounds and carbonyl compounds removed by the initial
performance divided by the mass of the same compounds lost by deterioration
3.3
elapsed time
t
e
〈indoor air〉 time from start of test to the start of air sampling
NOTE Elapsed time is expressed in days.
3.4
equivalent ventilation rate per area
F
V, eq
〈indoor air〉 increased clean air ventilation rate giving the same reduction in volatile organic compound
concentration as the building material
3.5
guideline concentration
〈indoor air〉 guideline indoor air concentration for a target chemical compound as specified by the WHO or an
appropriate national standards body
3.6
half-lifetime
〈indoor air〉 time elapsed from the start of the test until the volatile organic compound concentration decreases
to one-half of the initial concentration
3.7
lifetime
t
lt
〈indoor air〉 time period over which the product continues to reduce volatile organic compound concentrations
NOTE 1 The lifetime is given in days or years.
NOTE 2 The lifetime is estimated from the sorption flux and sorption capacity measured by the sample tube test.
3.8
mass transfer coefficient
k
a
〈indoor air〉 coefficient arising from the concentration difference between the test specimen and ambient air
over its surface
NOTE Mass transfer coefficient is expressed in meters per hour.
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SIST ISO 16000-24:2013
ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
3.9
recovery
〈indoor air〉 measured mass of volatile organic compounds (except formaldehyde) in the air leaving the test
chamber with no sample present conditioned over a given time period divided by the mass of volatile organic
compounds (except formaldehyde) added to the test chamber in the same time period
NOTE 1 The recovery is expressed as a percentage and provides information about the performance of the entire
method.
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 16000-9:2006, 3.9.
3.10
saturation mass per area
ρ
Aa
theoretical maximum mass of volatile organic compounds (except formaldehyde) that could be removed per
area of the sorptive material
NOTE Saturation mass per area is expressed in micrograms per square metre. It corresponds to the total mass per
area of sorption at the half-lifetime, or is extrapolated from the sorption capacity derived from the test specified in Annex A.
3.11
sorption capacity
w
s
total mass of volatile organic compounds (except formaldehyde) sorbed at breakthrough time per mass of
sorbent
NOTE Sorption capacity is expressed in micrograms per gram and is measured using the test specified in Annex A.
3.12
sorption flux
F
m
mass of volatile organic compounds (except formaldehyde) sorbed per time per area at the specified elapsed
time from the test start
3.13
supply air concentration
ρ
s
mass concentration of volatile organic compounds (except formaldehyde) in the air for supply to the test
chamber
3.14
test chamber concentration
〈indoor air〉 concentration of volatile organic compounds (except formaldehyde) measured at the outlet of a
test chamber, derived by dividing the mass of the volatile organic compounds (except formaldehyde) sampled
at the outlet of the chamber by the volume of sampled air
3.15
total mass per area of sorption
integral over time of sorptive flux from the start of the test to the specified elapsed time measured with the test
chamber
NOTE Total mass per area of sorption is expressed in micrograms per square metre.
3.16
vapour sampling period
〈indoor air〉 period of time during which air is sampled from the outlet of the test chamber using sampling tubes
or other devices
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SIST ISO 16000-24:2013
ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
4 Symbols
Symbol Meaning Unit
ρ mass of sorptive material per area (surface density) grams per square metre
A
ρ saturation mass per area micrograms per square metre
Aa
ρ total mass per area of sorption measured by chamber micrograms per square metre
Ac
test
ρ concentration of target compound at test chamber micrograms per cubic metre
in, t
inlet at elapsed time t
ρ test chamber concentration at elapsed time t micrograms per cubic metre
out, t
ρ supply air concentration in sample tube micrograms per cubic metre
s
A surface area of test specimen square metres
F sorption flux per time per area micrograms per square metre per hour
m
F air flow rate per area cubic metres per square metre per hour
V, a
F equivalent ventilation rate per area cubic metres per square metre per hour
V, eq
k mass transfer coefficient determined using water metres per hour
a
vapor
L product loading factor square metres per cubic metre
m actual mass of test specimen in sample tube grams
n air change rate changes per hour
q air flow rate of test chamber cubic metres per hour
c
q air flow rate of sample tube litres per minute
s
t breakthrough time minutes
b
t elapsed time hours or days
e
t lifetime of the pollutant-removing performance hours or days or years
lt
V air volume of test chamber cubic metres
w sorption capacity measured by sample tube micrograms per gram
s
5 Principle
The performance of a building material, the test material, with respect to its ability to reduce the concentration
of target VOCs (except formaldehyde) is evaluated by monitoring the reduction of the vapour concentration
inside a test chamber containing a test specimen of that material. The test includes an assessment of both the
initial performance of the material and how long that performance is maintained. Target compounds are VOCs
(except formaldehyde) detected in the test chamber inlet and outlet air.
In this test method, target compounds are spiked into the air of a test chamber containing the material under
test. The spiked air should be prepared approximately at the WHO guideline level for target compounds in
indoor air. Reference to national standards is possible if this is clearly highlighted in the test report and
certificate.
Performance is determined by monitoring the difference of the inlet and outlet concentration of the test
chamber. Testing should be continued for the half-lifetime, i.e. until the concentration of target compounds
decreases to one-half of the initial concentration under constant ventilation conditions. With this test, sorption
flux, F , and total mass per area of sorption, ρ , at the half-lifetime are determined. The measured ρ at the
m Ac Ac
half-lifetime is defined as the saturation mass per area, ρ .
Aa
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SIST ISO 16000-24:2013
ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
If a test material has a long-lasting target compound reduction performance (e.g. more than 28 days) and it
might take too long a time for the test, alternative methods specified in Annex A for determining ρ may be
Aa
applied.
The performance of sorptive building materials is mainly determined by the concentration of target compounds,
the mass transfer coefficient of target compounds to the surface, and the sorption characteristics of the
building materials themselves (adsorption isotherm, diffusion resistance, and so on). Therefore, the
performance test method shall specify both the concentration of target compounds and the mass transfer
coefficient associated with the sorptive building materials.
This method does not apply to materials capable of decomposing VOCs (except formaldehyde) by catalytic
reaction in the presence of ultraviolet and visible rays.
NOTE The long-term target compound reduction performance is represented by the saturation mass per area, ρ ,
Aa
and, if necessary, the lifetime of the pollutant-removing performance, t , as the subsidiary index.
lt
6 Apparatus and materials
Usual laboratory equipment, and in particular the following.
6.1 Test chamber, complying with with relevant specifications and requirements of ISO 16000-9 (see
Figure 1). No air shall be allowed to circulate from the outlet back to the inlet.
Key
1 target compound(s) in spiked air
2 sampling device
3 test specimen
4 test chamber
5 device to circulate air and control air velocity
6 temperature/humidity monitoring apparatus
7 test chamber outlet
8 sampling device
Figure 1 — Outline of the chamber system
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SIST ISO 16000-24:2013
ISO 16000-24:2009(E)
6.2 Sealing material for test specimens, such as aluminium foil or a tape covered with aluminium foil,
to cover the edges and the back of the test specimen, if only the surface normally directly exposed to the
indoor environment under the intended conditions of use is the subject of the test.
6.3 Air purifier or cylinder of clean air. The purifier shall ensure the supply air before being spiked with
target compounds is as clean as possible, i.e. it shall not contain any contaminants at levels greater than the
chamber background requirements. In order to prevent a rise in background concentration, an air purifier shall
be provided or a cylinder of clean air shall be used.
6.4 Supply air spiked with target compound(s). Apply a standard gas (with known target compound
concentrations) or a stable source like a target compound solution as specified in ISO 6353-3 to generate
spiked air for supply of the test chamber, at a constant concentration. The stability of the spiked
concentration(s) shall be monitored.
The spiked concentration(s) should be determined at least twice (at the beginning and end of the test).
6.5 Temperature and humidity control. Temperature shall be maintained either by installing a test
chamber in a place maintained at a required temperature, such as a constant-temperature climate chamber,
or by maintaining a required temperature in the chamber. Relative humidity shall be maintained at the required
humidity of the supply air.
6.6 Air flow meter, installed at the inlet or the outlet of the test chamber to measure the air flow rate
through the chamber.
6.7 Air sampling devices. Use the inlet and outlet air of the test chamber for sampling. When a separate
sampling port is used, sample directly from the inlet or outlet of the chamber.
If a duct or tube is used, it shall be as short as possible and maintained at the same air temperature as that in
the test chamber. Such a duct or tube shall be made of a material with a very low sorption capacity, e.g.
polytetrafluoroethylene.
The sum of sampling air flow rates shall be smaller than the air flow rate into the chamber. Sampling devices
shall comply with the specifications of ISO 16000-3 and ISO 16000-6, respectively. When the air is sampled
from the inlet, ensure the supply air flow rate remains constant.
A multiport sampling manifold may be used to provide flexibility for duplicate air sampling. A mixing chamber
between the test chamber and the manifold or between the air inlet and the test chamber can be included to
permit addition and mixing of internal standard gases with the test chamber air stream.
The exhaust from the test chamber should be ducted into a fume hood, ensuring any chemicals emitted from
the test material are isolated from the laboratory environment.
6.8 Analytical instrument. For determination of VOCs, a gas chromatograph (GC) shall be used as
specified in ISO 16000-6 and ISO 16017-1. For determination of carbonyl compounds, a high performance
liquid chromatograph (HPLC) shall also be used
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 16000-24
Première édition
2009-12-15
Air intérieur —
Partie 24:
Essai de performance pour l'évaluation
de la réduction des concentrations
en composés organiques volatils
(sauf formaldéhyde) par des matériaux
de construction sorptifs
Indoor air —
Part 24: Performance test for evaluating the reduction of volatile organic
compound (except formaldehyde) concentrations by sorptive building
materials
Numéro de référence
ISO 16000-24:2009(F)
©
ISO 2009
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ISO 16000-24:2009(F)
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ISO 16000-24:2009(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction.vii
1 Domaine d'application .1
2 Références normatives.1
3 Termes et définitions .2
4 Symboles.4
5 Principe.5
6 Appareillage .5
7 Conditions d'essai.7
7.1 Généralités .7
7.2 Conditions d'essai pour la détermination de la performance en matière de réduction de la
concentration.7
7.3 Facteurs affectant les performances en matière de réduction de la concentration .8
8 Vérification des conditions d'essai .9
8.1 Surveillance des conditions d'essai.9
8.2 Étanchéité à l'air de la chambre d'essai.9
8.3 Taux de renouvellement d'air dans la chambre d'essai .9
8.4 Efficacité du mélange de l'air dans la chambre d'essai interne .9
8.5 Récupération.9
9 Préparation de la chambre d'essai .10
10 Préparation des éprouvettes pour essai.10
11 Méthodes d'essai.10
11.1 Concentration de fond et air d'alimentation marqué .10
11.2 Installation de l'éprouvette dans la chambre d'essai .10
11.3 Intervalles de temps pour le mesurage de la concentration de la chambre .10
11.4 Prélèvement d'air.11
12 Détermination des composés cibles .11
13 Expression des résultats.12
13.1 Calcul du flux de sorption .12
13.2 Calcul du débit surfacique de ventilation équivalent .12
13.3 Calcul de la masse surfacique totale de sorption et de la masse surfacique de saturation.12
14 Rapport d'essai.12
Annexe A (normative) Essai relatif à la performance longue durée en matière de réduction au
moyen d'un tube de prélèvement .15
Annexe B (normative) Système d'assurance qualité et de contrôle qualité.19
Bibliographie.21
© ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés iii
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ISO 16000-24:2009(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 16000-24 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 146, Qualité de l'air, sous-comité SC 6, Air
intérieur.
L'ISO 16000 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Air intérieur :
⎯ Partie 1: Aspects généraux de la stratégie d'échantillonnage
⎯ Partie 2: Stratégie d'échantillonnage du formaldéhyde
⎯ Partie 3: Dosage du formaldéhyde et d'autres composés carbonylés — Méthode par échantillonnage actif
⎯ Partie 4: Dosage du formaldéhyde — Méthode par échantillonnage diffusif
⎯ Partie 5: Stratégie d'échantillonnage pour les composés organiques volatils (COV)
⎯ Partie 6: Dosage des composés organiques volatils dans l'air intérieur des locaux et enceintes d'essai par
®
échantillonnage actif sur le sorbant Tenax TA , désorption thermique et chromatographie en phase
gazeuse utilisant MS/FID
⎯ Partie 7: Stratégie d'échantillonnage pour la détermination des concentrations en fibres d'amiante en
suspension dans l'air
⎯ Partie 8: Détermination des âges moyens locaux de l'air dans des bâtiments pour caractériser les
conditions de ventilation
⎯ Partie 9: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques volatils de produits de construction et d'objets
d'équipement — Méthode de la chambre d'essai d'émission
⎯ Partie 10: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques volatils de produits de construction et d'objets
d'équipement — Méthode de la cellule d'essai d'émission
⎯ Partie 11: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques volatils de produits de construction et d'objets
d'équipement — Échantillonnage, conservation des échantillons et préparation d'échantillons pour essai
iv © ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 16000-24:2009(F)
⎯ Partie 12: Stratégie d'échantillonnage des polychlorobiphényles (PCB), des polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxines
(PCDD), des polychlorodibenzofuranes (PCDF) et des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP)
⎯ Partie 13: Dosage des polychlorobiphényles (PCB) de type dioxine et des polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxines
(PCDD)/polychlorodibenzofuranes (PCDF) totaux (en phase gazeuse et en phase particulaire) —
Collecte sur des filtres adsorbants
⎯ Partie 14: Dosage des polychlorobiphényles (PCB) de type dioxine et des polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxines
(PCDD)/polychlorodibenzofuranes (PCDF) totaux (en phase gazeuse et en phase particulaire) —
Extraction, purification et analyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse haute résolution et
spectrométrie de masse
⎯ Partie 15: Stratégie d'échantillonnage du dioxyde d'azote (NO )
2
⎯ Partie 16: Détection et dénombrement de moisissures — Échantillonnage par filtration
⎯ Partie 17: Détection et dénombrement des moisissures — Méthode par culture
⎯ Partie 18: Détection et dénombrement des moisissures — Échantillonnage par impaction
⎯ Partie 23: Essai de performance pour l'évaluation de la réduction des concentrations en formaldéhyde
par des matériaux de construction sorptifs
⎯ Partie 24: Essai de performance pour l'évaluation de la réduction des concentrations en composés
organiques volatils (sauf formaldéhyde) par des matériaux de construction sorptifs
⎯ Partie 25: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques semi-volatils des produits de construction —
Méthode de la micro-chambre
Les parties suivantes sont en cours d'élaboration:
⎯ Partie 19: Stratégie d'échantillonnage des moisissures
⎯ Partie 26: Stratégie de mesure du dioxyde de carbone (CO )
2
⎯ Partie 28: Évaluation sensorielle des émissions des matériaux et des produits de construction
Les parties suivantes sont prévues:
⎯ Partie 20: Détection et dénombrement des moisissures — Échantillonnage à partir de poussières
domestiques
⎯ Partie 21: Détection et dénombrement des moisissures — Échantillonnage à partir de matériaux
⎯ Partie 22: Détection et dénombrement des moisissures — Méthodes moléculaires
⎯ Partie 27: Méthode normalisée pour l'analyse quantitative des fibres d'amiante dans la poussière
déposée
⎯ Partie 30: Essai sensoriel de l'air intérieur
En outre,
⎯ l'ISO 12219-1, Air intérieur, Véhicules routiers — Partie 1: Enceinte d'essai d'un véhicule complet —
Spécification et méthode de détermination des composés organiques volatils dans les habitacles de
voitures [document prévu]
⎯ l'ISO 16017-1, Air intérieur, air ambiant et air des lieux de travail — Échantillonnage et analyse des
composés organiques volatils par tube à adsorption/désorption thermique/chromatographie en phase
gazeuse sur capillaire — Partie 1: Échantillonnage par pompage, et
© ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés v
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ISO 16000-24:2009(F)
⎯ l'ISO 16017-2, Air intérieur, air ambiant et air des lieux de travail — Échantillonnage et analyse des
composés organiques volatils par tube à adsorption/désorption thermique/chromatographie en phase
gazeuse sur capillaire — Partie 2: Échantillonnage par diffusion
traitent plus particulièrement des mesurages relatifs aux composés organiques volatils (COV).
vi © ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 16000-24:2009(F)
Introduction
Les matériaux de construction sorptifs ont fait l'objet d'une diffusion sous forme de produits en tôle et en
planche servant à éliminer les polluants aériens par sorption physique ou par réaction chimique.
La normalisation des méthodes d'essai relatives à l'évaluation des effets sorptifs est essentielle pour effectuer
une analyse comparative des performances des matériaux de construction sorptifs utilisés pour réduire les
niveaux des contaminants dans l'air intérieur.
La présente partie de l'ISO 16000 spécifie une méthode d'essai pour l'évaluation des performances des
matériaux de construction sorptifs en matière de réduction des concentrations en composés organiques
volatils (COV) (hors formaldéhyde) dans l'air intérieur dans le temps.
La performance des matériaux de construction sorptifs est évaluée par flux de sorption et masse surfacique
de saturation et est affectée par plusieurs facteurs. Des conditions d'essai spécifiques sont par conséquent
définies dans la présente partie de l'ISO 16000.
La présente partie de l'ISO 16000 peut s'appliquer à la majorité des matériaux de construction sorptifs utilisés
en intérieur ainsi qu'aux COV (à l'exception du formaldéhyde).
La présente partie de l'ISO 16000 est basée sur, et est complémentaire de, la méthode de la chambre d'essai
spécifiée dans l'ISO 16000-9.
© ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés vii
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 16000-24:2009(F)
Air intérieur —
Partie 24:
Essai de performance pour l'évaluation de la réduction
des concentrations en composés organiques volatils
(sauf formaldéhyde) par des matériaux de construction sorptifs
1 Domaine d'application
La présente partie de l'ISO 16000 spécifie une méthode générale d'essai de laboratoire en vue de l'évaluation
de la réduction des concentrations en composés organiques volatils (COV) (sauf formaldéhyde) grâce à
l'utilisation de matériaux de construction sorptifs. Cette méthode s'applique aux planches, papiers peints, tapis,
produits de peinture et autres matériaux de construction. La sorption de COV (sauf formaldéhyde) peut être
réalisée par adsorption, absorption et chimisorption. La performance du matériau, au regard de sa capacité de
réduction de la concentration en COV (sauf formaldéhyde) en air intérieur, est évaluée par flux de sorption et
masse surfacique de saturation. Le premier indique directement la performance d'un matériau en fonction de
la réduction de la concentration en COV à un instant donné; la dernière indique la capacité d'un produit à
maintenir cette performance.
Le formaldéhyde a été exclu de la présente partie de l'ISO 16000 car il est difficile de l'obtenir à une
concentration stable dans l'air.
La présente partie de l'ISO 16000 est basée sur la méthode de la chambre d'essai telle que spécifiée dans
l'ISO 16000-9. L'échantillonnage, le transport et le stockage des matériaux à soumettre à essai, ainsi que la
préparation des éprouvettes pour essai, sont spécifiés dans l'ISO 16000-11. L'échantillonnage de l'air et les
méthodes d'analyse en vue de la détermination des composés carbonylés (sauf formaldéhyde) sont décrits
dans l'ISO 16000-3 et, pour les COV, dans l'ISO 16000-6 et l'ISO 16017-1.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 554, Atmosphères normales de conditionnement et/ou d'essai — Spécifications
ISO 6353-3, Réactifs pour analyse chimique — Partie 3: Spécifications — Deuxième série
ISO 16000-3, Air intérieur — Partie 3: Dosage du formaldéhyde et d'autres composés carbonylés — Méthode
par échantillonnage actif
ISO 16000-6, Air intérieur — Partie 6: Dosage des composés organiques volatils dans l'air intérieur des
®
locaux et enceintes d'essai par échantillonnage actif sur le sorbant Tenax TA , désorption thermique et
chromatographie en phase gazeuse avec MS/FID
ISO 16000-9:2006, Air intérieur — Partie 9: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques volatils de
produits de construction et d'objets d'équipement — Méthode de la chambre d'essai d'émission
© ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés 1
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ISO 16000-24:2009(F)
ISO 16000-11, Air intérieur — Partie 11: Dosage de l'émission de composés organiques volatils de produits
de construction et d'objets d'équipement — Échantillonnage, conservation des échantillons et préparation
d'échantillons pour essai
ISO 16017-1, Air intérieur, air ambiant et air des lieux de travail — Échantillonnage et analyse des composés
organiques volatils par tube à adsorption/désorption thermique/chromatographie en phase gazeuse sur
capillaire — Partie 1: Échantillonnage par pompage
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins de la présente partie de l'ISO 16000, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
3.1
temps de claquage
t
b
〈air intérieur〉 moment où la concentration en COV dans l'air éluant du tube de prélèvement atteint 0,5 % de la
concentration dans l'air d'alimentation
3.2
coefficient de dégradation
〈air intérieur〉 rapport de la masse des composés organiques volatils (COV) et des composés carbonylés
éliminés par la performance initiale à la masse des mêmes composés éliminés par détérioration
3.3
temps écoulé
t
e
〈air intérieur〉 temps écoulé entre le début de l'essai et le début des prélèvements d'air
NOTE Le temps écoulé est toujours exprimé en jours.
3.4
débit surfacique de ventilation équivalent
F
V, eq
〈air intérieur〉 débit de ventilation d'air propre plus important permettant d'obtenir une réduction de la
concentration de composés organiques volatils identique à celle du matériau de construction
3.5
concentration de référence
〈air intérieur〉 concentration de référence pour un composé chimique cible de l'air intérieur, telle que spécifiée
par l'OMS ou par un organisme national de normalisation approprié
3.6
moitié de la durée de vie
〈air intérieur〉 temps écoulé entre le début de l'essai et le moment où la concentration en composés
organiques volatils atteint la moitié de la concentration initiale
3.7
durée de vie
t
lt
〈air intérieur〉 période de temps pendant laquelle le produit conserve sa capacité de réduction des
concentrations en composés organiques volatils
NOTE 1 La durée de vie est exprimée en jours ou en années.
NOTE 2 La durée de vie est estimée à partir du flux de sorption et de la capacité de sorption mesurés lors de l'essai du
tube de prélèvement.
2 © ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 16000-24:2009(F)
3.8
coefficient de transfert massique
k
a
〈air intérieur〉 coefficient résultant de la différence de concentration entre l'éprouvette pour essai et l'air
ambiant à sa surface
NOTE Le coefficient de transfert massique est exprimé en mètres par heure.
3.9
récupération
〈air intérieur〉 masse de composés organiques volatils (sauf formaldéhyde) mesurée dans l'air sortant de la
chambre d'essai sans considération de l'état présent de l'échantillon sur une période donnée divisée par la
masse de composés organiques volatils (sauf formaldéhyde) ajoutée à la chambre d'essai au cours de la
même période
NOTE 1 La récupération, exprimée en pourcentage, fournit des informations sur les performances de la méthode
complète.
NOTE 2 Adapté de l'ISO 16000-9:2006, définition 3.9.
3.10
masse surfacique de saturation
ρ
Aa
masse théorique maximale de composés organiques volatils (à l'exception du formaldéhyde) pouvant être
retirée par aire de matériau sorptif
NOTE La masse surfacique de saturation est exprimée en microgrammes par mètre carré. Elle correspond à la
masse surfacique totale de sorption à la moitié de la durée de vie ou elle est extrapolée à partir de la capacité de sorption
dérivée de l'essai mentionné dans l'Annexe A.
3.11
capacité de sorption
w
s
masse totale de composés organiques volatils (sans formaldéhyde) sorbée au temps de claquage par masse
de sorbant
NOTE La capacité de sorption est exprimée en microgrammes par gramme et est mesurée au moyen de l'essai
spécifié dans l'Annexe A.
3.12
flux de sorption
F
m
masse de composés organiques volatils (sauf formaldéhyde) sorbée, par temps et par aire, après le laps de
temps spécifié depuis le début de l'essai
3.13
concentration de l'air d'alimentation
ρ
s
fraction massique de composés organiques volatils (sauf formaldéhyde) dans l'air destiné à l'alimentation de
la chambre d'essai
3.14
concentration dans la chambre d'essai
〈air intérieur〉 concentration en composés organiques volatils (sauf formaldéhyde) mesurée à la sortie de la
chambre d'essai, calculée en divisant la masse des composés organiques volatils (sauf formaldéhyde)
prélevée à la sortie de la chambre par le volume d'air prélevé
© ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés 3
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ISO 16000-24:2009(F)
3.15
masse surfacique totale de sorption
intégrale dans le temps du flux sorptif entre le début de l'essai et la fin du temps spécifié, mesurée avec la
chambre d'essai
NOTE La masse surfacique totale de sorption est exprimée en microgrammes par mètre carré.
3.16
période de prélèvement de vapeur
〈air intérieur〉 période de temps durant laquelle l'air est prélevé à la sortie de la chambre d'essai au moyen de
tubes de prélèvement ou autres appareils
4 Symboles
Symbole Définition Unité
masse surfacique de matériau sorptif (densité de grammes par mètre carré
ρ
A
surface)
ρ masse surfacique de saturation microgrammes par mètre carré
Aa
ρ masse surfacique totale de sorption mesurée par microgrammes par mètre carré
Ac
essai en chambre
ρ concentration en formaldéhyde à l'entrée de la microgrammes par mètre cube
in, t
chambre d'essai au temps écoulé t
ρ concentration dans la chambre d'essai au temps microgrammes par mètre cube
out, t
écoulé t
ρ concentration en air d'alimentation dans le tube de microgrammes par mètre cube
s
prélèvement
A surface de l'éprouvette mètres carrés
F flux de sorption par temps et par aire microgrammes par mètre carré par heure
m
F débit d'air surfacique mètres cubes par mètre carré par heure
V, a
F débit surfacique de ventilation équivalent mètres cubes par mètre carré par heure
V, eq
k coefficient de transfert massique déterminé à l'aide mètres par heure
a
de vapeur d'eau
L facteur de charge du produit mètres carrés par mètre cube
m masse réelle de l'éprouvette dans le tube de grammes
prélèvement
n taux de renouvellement de l'air renouvellements par heure
q débit d'air de la chambre d'essai mètres cubes par heure
c
q débit d'air du tube de prélèvement litres par minute
s
t temps de claquage minutes
b
t temps écoulé heures ou jours
e
t durée de vie de la performance d'élimination des heures ou jours ou années
lt
polluants
V volume d'air de la chambre d'essai mètres cubes
w capacité de sorption mesurée par tube de microgrammes par gramme
s
prélèvement
4 © ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 16000-24:2009(F)
5 Principe
La performance d'un matériau de construction, le matériau d'essai, par rapport à sa capacité à réduire la
concentration en COV cibles (hors formaldéhyde) est évaluée en surveillant la réduction de la concentration
en vapeur à l'intérieur d'une chambre d'essai contenant une éprouvette de ce matériau d'essai. L'essai
comprend une évaluation de la performance initiale du matériau ainsi que de la durée pendant laquelle la
performance est maintenue. Les composé cibles sont les COV (hors formaldéhyde) détectés dans l'air entrant
et sortant de la chambre d’essai.
Dans cette méthode d'essai, une chambre d'essai contenant le matériau soumis à essai est alimentée avec
de l'air marqué en composés cibles. Il convient de préparer l'air marqué approximativement au niveau de
référence de l'OMS pour les composés cibles dans l'air intérieur. Il est possible de se référer aux normes
nationales si le rapport et le certificat d'essai l'indiquent clairement.
La performance est déterminée en observant la différence de concentration en COV cibles entre l'entrée et la
sortie de la chambre d'essai. Il convient de continuer l'essai pendant la moitié de la durée de vie, c'est-à-dire
jusqu'à ce que la concentration en composés cibles soit réduite à la moitié de celle constatée au début de
l'essai dans des conditions de ventilation constantes. Cet essai permet de déterminer le flux de sorption, F ,
m
et la masse surfacique totale de sorption, ρ , à la moitié de la durée de vie. La valeur ρ mesurée à la moitié
Ac Ac
de la durée de vie est définie comme la masse surfacique de saturation, ρ .
Aa
Si la performance d'un matériau d'essai, en matière de réduction de la concentration en composés cibles, se
confirme pendant plus de 28 jours, il est possible d'appliquer d'autres méthodes, spécifiées dans l'Annexe A,
pour la détermination de ρ .
Aa
Les performances des matériaux de construction sorptifs sont déterminées en grande partie par la
concentration en composés cibles, le coefficient de transfert massique des composés cibles à leur surface,
ainsi que les caractéristiques de sorption des matériaux de construction (isotherme d'adsorption, résistance à
la diffusion, etc.). De ce fait, la méthode d'essai relative aux performances doit spécifier la concentration en
composés cibles et le coefficient de transfert massique associés au matériau de construction sorptif.
Cette méthode ne s'applique pas aux matériaux capables de décomposer les COV (hors formaldéhyde) par
réaction catalytique en présence de rayons ultraviolets et visibles.
NOTE La performance longue durée en matière de réduction de la concentration des composés cibles est
représentée par la masse surfacique de saturation, ρ , avec, si nécessaire, la durée de vie de la performance
Aa
d'élimination des polluants, t , en indicateur secondaire.
lt
6 Appareillage
Appareillage usuel de laboratoire, et en particulier ce qui suit.
6.1 Chambre d'essai, conforme aux spécifications et exigences correspondantes de l'ISO 16000-9 (voir la
Figure 1). Aucun retour du flux d'air de la sortie vers l'entrée ne doit être possible.
6.2 Matériau d'étanchéité pour les éprouvettes pour essai, tel qu'une feuille d'aluminium ou un ruban
adhésif recouvert d'une feuille d'aluminium doivent être utilisés pour recouvrir les bords et l'arrière de
l'éprouvette pour essai, si l'essai porte uniquement sur la surface normalement directement exposée à
l'environnement intérieur dans les conditions d'utilisation prévues.
6.3 Purificateur d'air ou de l'air propre en cylindre. Le purificateur doit permettre d'assurer que l'air
d'alimentation, avant d'être marqué aux composés cibles, est le plus propre possible, c'est-à-dire qu'il ne
contient pas de polluants à des niveaux qui dépassent ceux spécifiés pour la concentration de fond de la
chambre d'essai. Afin d'empêcher toute augmentation de la concentration de fond, un purificateur d'air doit
être fourni ou bien de l'air propre en cylindre doit être utilisé.
© ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés 5
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ISO 16000-24:2009(F)
Légende
1 alimentation en air marqué au(x) composé(s) cible(s)
2 dispositif prélèvement
3 éprouvette
4 chambre d'essai
5 dispositif de circulation d'air et de contrôle de vitesse de l'air
6 dispositif de surveillance de température/d'humidité
7 sortie de la chambre d'essai
8 dispositif prélèvement
Figure 1 — Représentation du système de la ch
...
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