SIST EN 623-4:2005
(Main)Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - General and textural properties - Part 4: Determination of surface roughness
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - General and textural properties - Part 4: Determination of surface roughness
This part of EN 623 concerns the use of conventional stylus type instruments for the measurement of surface texture of advanced monolithic technical ceramics, sets the test machine measuring parameters, and recommends the adoption of certain precautions and conditions of measurement.
NOTE Non-contact optical methods of surface texture measurement employ a different concept using a narrow laser beam. The interaction of the beam with the surface is influenced by the angle of the surface to the beam and the reflectivity/translucence of the surface. The reflected beam is detected in a number of ways based on spot focus or beam deflection and converted into a height profile. Results from such a test are not directly equivalent to those obtained by the stylus method.
Hochleistungskeramik - Monolithische Keramik - Allgemeine und strukturelle Eigenschaften - Teil 4: Bestimmung der Oberflächenrauheit
Dieser Teil von EN 623 legt die Bedingungen zur Verwendung von konventionellen Tastschnittgeräten zur Ermittlung der Oberflächenrauheit monolithischer Hochleistungskeramiken sowie die Einstellung der Betriebs-parameter der Messeinrichtung fest und gibt Empfehlungen hinsichtlich bestimmter Vorsichtsmaß-nahmen und der Messbedingungen.
ANMERKUNG Bei berührungslosen optischen Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit findet ein anderes Verfahren Anwendung, bei dem ein eng gebündelter Laserstrahl verwendet wird. Die Wechselwirkung zwischen Strahl und Oberfläche wird durch den Winkel der Oberfläche zum Strahl und das Reflexionsvermögen/die Lichtdurch-lässigkeit der Oberfläche beeinflusst. Der reflektierte Strahl wird mit verschiedenen Verfahren nachgewiesen, die auf Punktschärfe oder Strahlablenkung mit Umwandlung in ein Höhenprofil beruhen. Die Ergebnisse von einer derartigen Prüfung entsprechen den mit Hilfe von Tastschnittverfahren erhaltenen Ergebnissen nicht vollständig.
Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques monolithiques - Propriétés générales et texturales - Partie 4: Détermination de la rugosité de surface
La présente partie de l'EN 623 se rapporte aux instruments conventionnels a palpeur qui sont utilisés pour mesurer l'état de surface des céramiques techniques monolithiques avancées. Elle définit les parametres de mesurage de la machine d'essai et recommande l'adoption de certaines précautions et conditions de mesurage.
NOTE Les méthodes optiques sans contact employées pour mesurer l'état de surface font appel a un autre concept utilisant un faisceau laser étroit. L'interaction entre le faisceau et la surface est influencée par l'angle formé entre la surface et le faisceau, ainsi que par la réflectivité/translucidité de la surface. Le faisceau réfléchi est détecté de nombreuses manieres en se basant sur la concentration du spot ou sur la déviation du faisceau, puis converti en un profil de hauteur. Les résultats d'un essai de ce type ne sont pas directement équivalents a ceux obtenus par la méthode a palpeur.
Sodobna tehnična keramika – Monolitna keramika – Splošne in strukturne lastnosti – 4. del: Ugotavljanje površinske hrapavosti
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 623-4:2005
01-marec-2005
6RGREQDWHKQLþQDNHUDPLND±0RQROLWQDNHUDPLND±6SORãQHLQVWUXNWXUQH
ODVWQRVWL±GHO 8JRWDYOMDQMHSRYUãLQVNHKUDSDYRVWL
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - General and textural properties -
Part 4: Determination of surface roughness
Hochleistungskeramik - Monolithische Keramik - Allgemeine und strukturelle
Eigenschaften - Teil 4: Bestimmung der Oberflächenrauheit
Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques monolithiques - Propriétés générales et
texturales - Partie 4: Détermination de la rugosité de surface
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 623-4:2004
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
SIST EN 623-4:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 623-4:2005
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SIST EN 623-4:2005
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 623-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2004
ICS 81.060.99 Supersedes ENV 623-4:1993
English version
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - General
and textural properties - Part 4: Determination of surface
roughness
Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques Hochleistungskeramik - Monolithische Keramik -
monolithiques - Propriétés générales et texturelles - Partie Allgemeine und strukturelle Eigenschaften - Teil 4:
4: Détermination de la rigidité de surface Bestimmung der Oberflächenrauheit
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 July 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 623-4:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 623-4:2005
EN 623-4:2004 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword. 3
1 Scope. 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions. 5
4 Principles of conventional surface texture measurement. 5
4.1 Surface texture parameters . 5
4.2 Trace manipulation . 5
4.3 Instrument calibration . 6
5 Factors affecting the determination of surface texture of ceramics . 7
5.1 Microstructural influences . 7
5.2 Special surface profiles. 8
5.3 Influences of form . 8
5.4 Instrumental influences. 9
6 Test procedure . 10
6.1 Machine set-up. 10
6.2 Test requirements . 10
6.3 Test piece measurement . 11
7 Test report . 11
Annex A (informative) Interlaboratory evaluation of ceramic surface texture test
procedures. 12
Bibliography . 13
2
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SIST EN 623-4:2005
EN 623-4:2004 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 623-4:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced
technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2005, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by April 2005.
This document supersedes ENV 623-4 :1993.
This part of EN 623 includes a Bibliography.
EN 623 Advanced technical ceramics — Monolithic ceramics — General and textural properties
consists of five parts:
Part 1: Determination of the presence of defects by dye penetration tests
Part 2: Determination of density and porosity
Part 3: Determination of grain size and size distribution (characterized by the Linear Intercept Method)
Part 4: Guidance on the determination of surface roughness
Part 5: Determination of phase volume fraction by evaluation of micrographs
At the time of publication of this part of EN 623, part 5 is a European Prestandard.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
3
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SIST EN 623-4:2005
EN 623-4:2004 (E)
1 Scope
This part of EN 623 concerns the use of conventional stylus type instruments for the measurement of
surface texture of advanced monolithic technical ceramics, sets the test machine measuring parameters,
and recommends the adoption of certain precautions and conditions of measurement.
NOTE Non-contact optical methods of surface texture measurement employ a different concept using a
narrow laser beam. The interaction of the beam with the surface is influenced by the angle of the surface to the
beam and the reflectivity/translucence of the surface. The reflected beam is detected in a number of ways based
on spot focus or beam deflection and converted into a height profile. Results from such a test are not directly
equivalent to those obtained by the stylus method.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ENV 1006, Advanced technical ceramics — Monolithic ceramics — Guidance on the selection of test
pieces for the evaluation of properties
EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
(ISO/IEC 17025:1999)
EN ISO 3274, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method – Nominal
characteristics of contact (stylus) instruments (ISO 3274:1996)
EN ISO 4287:1998, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method —
Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters (ISO 4287:1997)
EN ISO 4288:1997, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method —
Rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture (ISO 4288:1996)
EN ISO 5436-1:2000, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method;
Measurement standards — Part 1: Material measures (ISO 5436-1:2000)
EN ISO 5436-2, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method;
Measurement standards — Part 2: Software measurement standards (ISO 5436-2:2001)
EN ISO 11562, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method —
Metrological characteristics of phase correct filters (ISO 11562:1996)
EN ISO 12179, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method —
Calibration of contact (styles) instruments (ISO 12179:2000)
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SIST EN 623-4:2005
EN 623-4:2004 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 4287:1998, EN ISO
4288:1997 and EN ISO 5436-1:2000 apply.
4 Principles of conventional surface texture measurement
4.1 Surface texture parameters
The characterisation of surface texture of engineering materials generally is conventionally determined by
a profile following stylus drawn across the surface. The profile is amplified and recorded, and the trace is
further processed to determine single-valued parameters that may be used to describe it.
Parameters (see EN ISO 4287) that are typically used for characterisation of ceramic surface texture
include:
Ra the arithmetic mean deviation of the assessed profile, i.e. the arithmetic mean of the absolute
ordinate values (i.e. the average deviation of the trace from the computed centre line) within a
sampling length (normally set to be equal to the cut-off length = 0,8 mm for typical scales of
surface texture in ceramics); normally, the results from five sampling lengths (= the evaluation
length = 4 mm) are then averaged;
Rt the total height of the profile, i.e. the sum of the maximum profile peak height and the maximum
profile valley depth within the evaluation length;
Rz the maximum height of the profile, i.e. the sum of the largest profile peak height and the lowest
profile valley depth within a sampling length; normally the results from five sampling lengths
would be averaged.
NOTE Earlier, but different, ISO definitions of Rz may still be in use on older machines, i.e. the ‘ten point
height of irregularities’ method, taking the mean of the five highest peaks and five lowest valleys in a sampling
length. The present standard employs the current definition.
RSm the mean width of the profile elements, i.e. the mean spacing of the profile irregularities (as
defined by the mean spacing between crossovers of the trace and the mean line)
Other parameters exist which may have value for ceramic surface characterisation, including measures
of skewness, and are defined in EN ISO 4287.
4.2 Trace manipulation
Various types of equipment to perform this measurement are commercially available, and the procedures
for calibration and measurement should conform to existing international standards EN ISO 3274, EN
ISO 4288, EN ISO 5436-1, and EN ISO 12169. The equipment usually incorporates proprietary signal
processing routines designed to produce single-valued parameters from an appropriate length of trace,
usually by first digitising the signal. Many instruments then apply a trace levelling routine to take out
general tilt of the surface relative to the axis of measurement. Finally, the trace is divided into sampling
lengths and analysed. Parameters derived from 10 such traces are typically analysed in order to ensure
adequate sampling of the test surface.
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SIST EN 623-4:2005
EN 623-4:2004 (E)
4.3 Instrument calibration
Calibration procedures are covered in EN ISO 12179. The calibration of the vertical height measurement
is normally determined by drawing the stylus over steps of calibrated height (or depth) in a reference
specimen (EN ISO 5436-1 type A). Horizontal movement calibration is less critical, and may be
determined from the horizontal spacing of the steps in the type A reference specimen. Checking the
condition of the stylus tip is normally performed using a type B reference specimen, which may have
sensitive and insensitive grooves, the former being typically a profile of an isosceles triangle. Checking of
meters or other indicators of surface texture parameters is performed with type C reference specimens
with a variety of profiles either of isosceles triangles, sine waves or simulated sine waves of regular shape.
Checking overall behaviour of meters or other indicators of surface texture parameters is performed with
type D reference specimens with an irregular profile repeated every five cut-off wavelengths. An artefact
such as a hemisphere (type E) can be used to check the coordinate system in the machine.
For instruments using computer processing of the roughness traces, EN ISO 5436-2 provides a reference
dataset (type F1) with which to validate the calculation routines employed by a particular instrument.
Alternatively, a dataset can be processed by reference software (type F2) for comparison with instrument
supplied software results.
In the absence of a suitable certified ceramic surface texture reference material, it is recommended that
these procedures are adopted for calibration of stylus machines to be used for measuring surface texture
of advanced monolithic technical ceramics. However it is to be recognised that such calibration artefacts
do not necessarily evaluate the machine behaviour over short wavelength surface texture where factors
such as stylus inertia and tip radius become more important.
NOTE 1 If appropriate, it is suggested that disagreements between parties may possibly be reduced by
exchanging agreed marked and measured ceramic "reference" surfaces, preferably of a type similar to that
causing the disagreement, for measurement in the respective test machines in order to identify differences in
intrinsic machine performance.
NOTE 2 A determination of the uncertainty of a measurement should also be made in accordance with the
procedures in EN ISO 12179.
NOTE 3 A guide to the calibration and use of stylus surface texture measurements is available [1].
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EN 623-4:2004 (E)
5 Factors affecting the determination of surface texture of ceramics
5.1 Microstructural influences
5.1.1 Advanced monolithic technical ceramics which do not possess open porosity may contain
isolated pores as a result of their incomplete elimination during fabrication. Pores produce large
occasional depressions in the recorded surface texture trace which can bias the surface texture
parameters in a manner which:
a) may not be relevant to the application of the surface;
b) may give a misleadingly high value of surface texture parameter;
c) may depend on their frequency along the path of the stylus.
If the surface texture of the non-porous regions of the ceramic surface is required, lengths of the stylus
trace which avoid obvious pores should be chosen.
5.1.2 As-fired advanced technical ceramic surfaces are frequently free from significant pores typical
of bulk material, but may contain occasional pits and/or surface debris (adherent dust, kiln furniture
fragments or granular material used to separate components in firing).
NOTE A glossary of terms for surface defects in ceramics is given in ASTM F109 [2].
Surface debris should be removed before making surface texture measurements, and lengths of trace
which avoid obvious pits shall be chosen to characterise the surface.
5.1.3 Damage introduced during surface preparation of the ceramic component is dependent on the
machining procedure adopted, and influences the measured surface texture parameters. Single
grains or groups of grains may be fractured from the surface, and the resulting pits may be
indistinguishable from pre-existing internal pores intercepted by the new surface. Plastically deformed
grooving may occur which is particularly noticeable in unidirectional grinding operations. Grinding
debris may be compacted onto the surface, or into pores or pits. All these factors may influence the
apparent surface texture determined.
It is recommended that, where possible, machining procedures are closely defined and reported together
with the apparent surface texture parameters. Further, in the case of unidirectional grinding, the directions
on the test-piece in which surface texture is
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