SIST EN ISO 22459:2022

Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Reinforcement of ceramic composites - Determination of distribution of tensile strength and tensile strain to failure of filaments within a multifilament tow at ambient temperature (ISO 22459:2020)

This document specifies the conditions for the determination of the distribution of strength and rupture strain of ceramic filaments within a multifilament tow at room temperature by performing a tensile test on a multifilament tow.
This document applies to dry tows of continuous ceramic filaments that are assumed to act freely and independently under loading and exhibit linear elastic behaviour up to failure. The outputs of this method are not to be mixed up with the strengths of embedded tows determined by using ISO 24046 [1].

Hochleistungskeramik - Faserverstärkungen von keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen - Bestimmung der Verteilung von Zugfestigkeit und Zugdehnung bis zum Versagen von Filamenten innerhalb eines Multifilamentkabels bei Raumtemperatur (ISO 22459:2020)

Dieses Dokument legt die Bedingungen für die Bestimmung der Verteilung von Festigkeit und Bruchdehnung von Fasern innerhalb eines Faserbündels bei Raumtemperatur fest, indem ein Zugversuch an einem Faser¬bündel durchgeführt wird.
Dieses Dokument gilt für unbeschichtete Faserbündel aus keramischen Endlosfasern, von denen angeno-mmen wird, dass sie sich unter Beanspruchung frei und unabhängig verhalten und bis zum Bruch ein linear-elastisches Verhalten zeigen. Die Ergebnisse dieses Verfahrens sind nicht mit den Festigkeitswerten von eingebetteten Faserbündeln zu verwechseln, die mithilfe von ISO 24046  bestimmt wurden.

Céramiques techniques - Renfort de céramiques composites - Détermination de la distribution de la résistance en traction et de la déformation à la rupture en traction de filaments dans un fil multifilamentaire à température ambiante (ISO 22459:2020)

Le présent document spécifie les conditions de détermination de la distribution de la résistance et de la déformation à la rupture de filaments céramiques dans un fil multifilamentaire à température ambiante, en réalisant un essai de traction sur un fil multifilamentaire.
Ce document s'applique aux fils secs de filaments céramiques continus qui sont supposés se comporter librement et indépendamment sous charge et avoir un comportement linéaire élastique jusqu'à la rupture. Il ne faut pas confondre les résultats de cette méthode avec les résistances de fils imprégnés déterminées à l'aide de l'ISO 24046[1].
[1] En cours d?élaboration.

Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Ojačitev keramičnih kompozitov - Ugotavljanje porazdelitve natezne trdnosti in deformacij/obremenitev vlaken v svežnjih pri temperaturi okolice (ISO 22459:2020)

Ta dokument določa pogoje za ugotavljanje porazdelitve trdnosti in deformacij/obremenitev keramičnih vlaken v svežnjih pri temperaturi okolice z izvedbo nateznega preskusa na svežnju.
Ta dokument se uporablja za suhe svežnje neprekinjenih keramičnih vlaken, za katere se domneva, da delujejo prosto in neodvisno pod obremenitvijo ter izkazujejo linearno elastično obnašanje do pretrganja. Rezultati te metode se ne smejo zamešati s trdnostmi vdelanih svežnjev, določenih v standardu ISO 24046 [1].

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 31-Jan-2022
• Publication Date: 03-May-2022
• ICS: 81.060.30 - Advanced ceramics
• Technical Committee: I13 - Imaginarni 13
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 28-Apr-2022
• Due Date: 03-Jul-2022
• Completion Date: 04-May-2022
• Ref Project: EN ISO 22459:2022 - Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Reinforcement of ceramic composites - Determination of distribution of tensile strength and tensile strain to failure of filaments within a multifilament tow at ambient temperature (ISO 22459:2020)

Relations

• Revised: SIST EN 1007-5:2010 - Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methods of test for reinforcements - Part 5: Determination of distribution of tensile strength and of tensile strain to failure of filaments within a multifilament tow at ambient temperature
• Effective Date: 20-Apr-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 22459:2022
01-junij-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1007-5:2010
Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Ojačitev
keramičnih kompozitov - Ugotavljanje porazdelitve natezne trdnosti in
deformacij/obremenitev vlaken v svežnjih pri temperaturi okolice (ISO 22459:2020)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Reinforcement of
ceramic composites - Determination of distribution of tensile strength and tensile strain to
failure of filaments within a multifilament tow at ambient temperature (ISO 22459:2020)
Hochleistungskeramik - Faserverstärkungen von keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen -
Bestimmung der Verteilung von Zugfestigkeit und Zugdehnung bis zum Versagen von
Filamenten innerhalb eines Multifilamentkabels bei Raumtemperatur (ISO 22459:2020)
Céramiques techniques - Renfort de céramiques composites - Détermination de la
distribution de la résistance en traction et de la déformation à la rupture en traction de
filaments dans un fil multifilamentaire à température ambiante (ISO 22459:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22459:2022
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
SIST EN ISO 22459:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022


EN ISO 22459
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

April 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes EN 1007-5:2010
English Version

Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) - Reinforcement of ceramic composites -
Determination of distribution of tensile strength and
tensile strain to failure of filaments within a multifilament
tow at ambient temperature (ISO 22459:2020)
Céramiques techniques - Renfort de céramiques Hochleistungskeramik - Faserverstärkungen von
composites - Détermination de la distribution de la keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen - Bestimmung der
résistance en traction et de la déformation à la rupture Verteilung von Zugfestigkeit und Zugdehnung bis zum
en traction de filaments dans un fil multifilamentaire à Versagen von Filamenten innerhalb eines
température ambiante (ISO 22459:2020) Multifilamentkabels bei Raumtemperatur (ISO
22459:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 March 2022.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22459:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022
EN ISO 22459:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3

2

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022
EN ISO 22459:2022 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 22459:2020 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206 "Fine ceramics” of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 22459:2022
by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” the secretariat of which is held by
DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 1007-5:2010.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 22459:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22459:2022 without any modification.

3

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22459
First edition
2020-06
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Reinforcement of ceramic composites
— Determination of distribution
of tensile strength and tensile
strain to failure of filaments within
a multifilament tow at ambient
temperature
Céramiques techniques — Renfort de céramiques composites —
Détermination de la distribution de la résistance en traction et de
la déformation à la rupture en traction de filaments dans un fil
multifilamentaire à température ambiante
Reference number
ISO 22459:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022
ISO 22459:2020(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022
ISO 22459:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Significance and use . 2
6 Apparatus . 3
6.1 Tensile testing equipment . 3
6.2 Data recording . 4
7 Test specimen . 4
7.1 General . 4
7.2 Window type specimen . 4
7.3 Cylindrical end type specimen . 5
8 Test specimen preparation . 5
8.1 General . 5
8.2 Window type specimen . 6
8.3 Cylindrical end type specimen . 6
8.4 Number of test specimens . 7
9 Test procedure . 7
9.1 Determination of the initial cross-section area . 7
9.2 Determination of the gauge length . 7
9.3 Gripping . 7
9.4 Selection of strain rate . 8
9.5 Test procedure . 8
9.6 Determination of load train compliance . 8
9.7 Test validity . 8
10 Calculation of results . 8
10.1 Calculation of the load train compliance C . 8
l
10.2 Calculation of probability of filament rupture P from the tests on specimens with
j
a gauge length of 200 mm .10
10.2.1 Determination of the true origin .10
10.2.2 Construction of envelope curve and determination of instantaneous
compliance C . . .10
t,j
10.2.3 Probability of filament rupture .11
10.3 Distribution of filament rupture strain .12
10.3.1 Calculation of filament rupture strain .12
10.3.2 Filament rupture strain distribution .12
10.4 Distribution of filament strength .13
10.4.1 Initial cross-section area .13
10.4.2 Calculation of filament strength .13
10.4.3 Filament strength distribution .13
10.4.4 Average filament strengths .14
10.4.5 Mean filament strength .14
11 Test report .14
Annex A (informative) Abstract of the handbook of mathematical functions .16
Bibliography .17
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022
ISO 22459:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22459:2020(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Reinforcement of ceramic composites —
Determination of distribution of tensile strength and
tensile strain to failure of filaments within a multifilament
tow at ambient temperature
1 Scope
This document specifies the conditions for the determination of the distribution of strength and
rupture strain of ceramic filaments within a multifilament tow at room temperature by performing a
tensile test on a multifilament tow.
This document applies to dry tows of continuous ceramic filaments that are assumed to act freely and
independently under loading and exhibit linear elastic behaviour up to failure. The outputs of this
1)
method are not to be mixed up with the strengths of embedded tows determined by using ISO 24046 .
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system
ISO 10119, Carbon fibre — Determination of density
EN 1007-2, Advanced technical ceramics — Ceramic composites — Methods of test for reinforcements —
Part 2: Determination of linear density
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
gauge length
L
0
initial distance between two reference points on the tow
Note 1 to entry: Usually the gauge length is taken as the distance between the gripped ends of the tow.
3.2
initial cross-section area
S
0
cross-section area of the tow
1) Under preparation.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022
ISO 22459:2020(E)

3.3
tow elongation
A
increase of the gauge length during the tensile test
3.4.1
total compliance
C
t
ratio of the measured displacement to the corresponding force during the tensile test
3.4.2
load train compliance
C
l
ratio of the load train elongation, excluding the specimen contribution, to the corresponding force
during the tensile test
3.5
strain
ε
ratio of the tow elongation A to the gauge length L
0
3.6
filament rupture strain
ε
r,j
strain at step j in the non-linear parts of the force-displacement curve
3.7
filament strength
σ
r,j
ratio of the tensile force to the cross-section area of all unbroken filaments at step j in the non-linear
parts of the force-displacement curve
3.8
average filament strength
σ
r
statistical average strength of the filaments in the tow for each test determined from the Weibull
strength distribution parameters of the filaments
3.9
mean filament strength
σ
r
arithmetic mean of the average strengths
4 Principle
A multifilament tow is loaded in tension at a constant displacement rate up to rupture of all the filaments
in the tow. The force and displacement are measured and recorded. From the force-displacement curve
the two-parameter Weibull distribution of the rupture strain and of the strength of the filaments is
obtained by sampling the nonlinear parts of the curve at discrete intervals, j, which correspond to an
increasing number of failed filaments in the tow.
5 Significance and use
Because measurement of the displacement directly on the tow is difficult, it is usually obtained
indirectly via a compliance measurement which includes contributions of the loading train, the
grips and the tabbing materials. These contributions have to be corrected for in the analysis. When
it is possible to measure the tow elongation directly (by using a suitable extensometer system) this
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022
ISO 22459:2020(E)

correction is not needed. The calculation of the results in Clause 10 also applies in this case by setting
the load train compliance equal to zero.
The evaluation method is based on an analysis of the nonlinear domain of the force-displacement curve,
which is caused by progressive filament failure during the test. The size of this domain is promoted by
higher stiffness of the loading and gripping system. When the force-displacement curve does not show
this nonlinear domain, the evaluation method of this document cannot be applied.
The distribution of filament rupture strains does not depend on the initial number of filaments for those
tows that contain a large number of filaments; hence, it is not affected by the number of filaments which
are broken before the test, provided this number remains limited. The determination of the filament
strength distribution requires knowledge of the initial cross-sectional area of the tow. The variation in
filament diameters, which affects the strength values, is not accounted for.
The Weibull parameters determined by this test method and extrapolated to the respective gauge
length cannot be compared directly with those obtained from tensile tests on monofilaments according
[1]
to ISO 19630 because of variability in test conditions .
6 Apparatus
6.1 Tensile testing equipment
The test machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force applied to the specimen and
the displacement, or directly the tow elongation. The machine shall conform to grade 1 or better in
ISO 7500-1. The grips shall align the specimen with the direction of the force. Slipping of the specimen
in the grips shall be prevented.
[5][6]
NOTE The use of a displacement transducer placed at the ends of the grips (see Figure 1) or on the tow
[4][5][6]
itself will probably limit the contribution of different parts of the load train to the measured displacement,
and hence increase the accuracy.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 3

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022
ISO 22459:2020(E)

Key
1 displacement transducer
2 grip
3 test specimen
Figure 1 — Test setup (principle sketch)
6.2 Data recording
A calibrated recorder shall be used to record force-displacement curves. The use of a digital data
recording system is recommended.
7 Test specimen
7.1 General
Specimens with a gauge length of 200 mm shall be used to establish the filament strength and filament
rupture strain distributions. Specimens with gauge lengths of 100 mm and 300 mm shall be used to
determine the load train compliance. Examples of two types of test specimen are given below.
7.2 Window type specimen
A window type specimen is shown in Figure 2. A stretched tow is fixed between two identical plates
of material, each containing a central window. When the displacement is not measured directly on the
tow, the height of the window defines the gauge length.
NOTE This type of specimen has the advantage of easy handling.
4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022
ISO 22459:2020(E)

Key
1 plates
2 tow
3 glue
4 gripped end
5 gauge length
Figure 2 — Window type specimen (principle sketch, side view)
7.3 Cylindrical end type specimen
A cylindrical end type specimen is shown in Figure 3. Both ends of a stretched tow are fixed in small
diameter cylindrical tubes generally made of metal. When the displacement is not measured directly on
the tow, the distance between the inner ends of the tubes with the tow in a stretched condition defines
the gauge length. Tube length shall be such that adhesion of tow specimen to tube is optimized. Length
larger than 30 mm is recommended.
Key
1 tube
2 gauge length
Figure 3 — Cylindrical end type specimen (principle sketch)
8 Test specimen preparation
8.1 General
Extreme care shall be taken during specimen preparation to ensure that the procedure is repeatable
from specimen to specimen. When glue is used, the same type and the same bonding length shall be
used for the preparation of all test specimens of a given series. Specimens shall be handled with care to
avoid breaking filaments.
High repeatability in specimen preparation is required in order to allow a correct determination of the
load train compliance.
A sizing agent is present on certain fibres. It protects the filaments against damage during handling
or prevents inter-filament friction during the tests. It should not be removed. Owing to its low Young’s
modulus, it does not contribute to load sharing. Care should be taken that the glue will not run into the
tow outside the frame. Epoxy or resin that exhibit excellent wetting properties with SiC and Alumina-
based ceramics are appropriate.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 5

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022
ISO 22459:2020(E)

8.2 Window type specimen
An untwisted multifilament tow is glued between two identical plates made of cardboard or another
suitable material. The filaments shall be stretched. To achieve this, both ends of the two plates are well
soaked by the glue, then the tow is placed on the centreline of one of the plates under a small axial
prestress. The ends of the tow extending beyond the plate are fixed by adhesive tapes onto a support
(see Figure 4) and the parts of the tow in the gripping area are soaked with glue. The second plate is
then pressed face to face with the first one.
Key
1 adhesive tapes
2 gripped end
3 gauge length, L
0
Figure 4 — Window type specimen, preparation (principle sketch)
8.3 Cylindrical end type specimen
The specimens are prepared on a support provided with alignment grooves in which the cylindrical
tubes are placed. The untwisted multifilament tow is introduced into the tubes, stretched and glued
(see Figure 5). The diameter of the cylindrical tubes shall be as small as possible, compatible with the
size of the tow.
Key
1 support
2 groove for alignment
3 adhesive tapes
Figure 5 — Cylindrical end type specimen, preparation (principle sketch)
6 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 22459:2022
ISO 22459:2020(E)

8.4 Number of test specimens
For the establishment of the distribution of filament strength and filament rupture strain, three valid
tests, as specified in 9.7, of specimens with a 200 mm gauge length are needed. When the elongation
of the tow is not measured directly, an additional three valid tests at the other two gauge lengths of
100 mm and 300 mm, as specified in 9.7, are required for the establishment of the load train compliance.
9 Test procedure
9.1 Determination of the initial cross-section area
For the purpose of determining the filament strength distribution, as well as the elastic modulus on the
specimens with a 200 mm gauge length, the initial cross-section area of the multifilament tow shall be
calculated from the linear density determined according to EN 1007-2, and from the density determined
in
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 22459:2022
01-januar-2022
Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Ojačitev
keramičnih kompozitov - Ugotavljanje porazdelitve natezne trdnosti in
deformacij/obremenitev vlaken v svežnjih pri visoki temperaturi (ISO 22459:2020)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Reinforcement of
ceramic composites - Determination of distribution of tensile strength and tensile strain to
failure of filaments within a multifilament tow at ambient temperature (ISO 22459:2020)
Hochleistungskeramik - Faserverstärkungen von keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen -
Bestimmung der Verteilung von Zugfestigkeit und Zugdehnung bis zum Versagen von
Filamenten innerhalb eines Multifilamentkabels bei Raumtemperatur (ISO 22459:2020)
Céramiques techniques - Renfort de céramiques composites - Détermination de la
distribution de la résistance en traction et de la déformation à la rupture en traction de
filaments dans un fil multifilamentaire à température ambiante (ISO 22459:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 22459
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
oSIST prEN ISO 22459:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 22459:2022

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oSIST prEN ISO 22459:2022
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22459
First edition
2020-06
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Reinforcement of ceramic composites
— Determination of distribution
of tensile strength and tensile
strain to failure of filaments within
a multifilament tow at ambient
temperature
Céramiques techniques — Renfort de céramiques composites —
Détermination de la distribution de la résistance en traction et de
la déformation à la rupture en traction de filaments dans un fil
multifilamentaire à température ambiante
Reference number
ISO 22459:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020

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oSIST prEN ISO 22459:2022
ISO 22459:2020(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 22459:2022
ISO 22459:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Significance and use . 2
6 Apparatus . 3
6.1 Tensile testing equipment . 3
6.2 Data recording . 4
7 Test specimen . 4
7.1 General . 4
7.2 Window type specimen . 4
7.3 Cylindrical end type specimen . 5
8 Test specimen preparation . 5
8.1 General . 5
8.2 Window type specimen . 6
8.3 Cylindrical end type specimen . 6
8.4 Number of test specimens . 7
9 Test procedure . 7
9.1 Determination of the initial cross-section area . 7
9.2 Determination of the gauge length . 7
9.3 Gripping . 7
9.4 Selection of strain rate . 8
9.5 Test procedure . 8
9.6 Determination of load train compliance . 8
9.7 Test validity . 8
10 Calculation of results . 8
10.1 Calculation of the load train compliance C . 8
l
10.2 Calculation of probability of filament rupture P from the tests on specimens with
j
a gauge length of 200 mm .10
10.2.1 Determination of the true origin .10
10.2.2 Construction of envelope curve and determination of instantaneous
compliance C . . .10
t,j
10.2.3 Probability of filament rupture .11
10.3 Distribution of filament rupture strain .12
10.3.1 Calculation of filament rupture strain .12
10.3.2 Filament rupture strain distribution .12
10.4 Distribution of filament strength .13
10.4.1 Initial cross-section area .13
10.4.2 Calculation of filament strength .13
10.4.3 Filament strength distribution .13
10.4.4 Average filament strengths .14
10.4.5 Mean filament strength .14
11 Test report .14
Annex A (informative) Abstract of the handbook of mathematical functions .16
Bibliography .17
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Foreword
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bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
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iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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oSIST prEN ISO 22459:2022
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22459:2020(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Reinforcement of ceramic composites —
Determination of distribution of tensile strength and
tensile strain to failure of filaments within a multifilament
tow at ambient temperature
1 Scope
This document specifies the conditions for the determination of the distribution of strength and
rupture strain of ceramic filaments within a multifilament tow at room temperature by performing a
tensile test on a multifilament tow.
This document applies to dry tows of continuous ceramic filaments that are assumed to act freely and
independently under loading and exhibit linear elastic behaviour up to failure. The outputs of this
1)
method are not to be mixed up with the strengths of embedded tows determined by using ISO 24046 .
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system
ISO 10119, Carbon fibre — Determination of density
EN 1007-2, Advanced technical ceramics — Ceramic composites — Methods of test for reinforcements —
Part 2: Determination of linear density
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
gauge length
L
0
initial distance between two reference points on the tow
Note 1 to entry: Usually the gauge length is taken as the distance between the gripped ends of the tow.
3.2
initial cross-section area
S
0
cross-section area of the tow
1) Under preparation.
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oSIST prEN ISO 22459:2022
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3.3
tow elongation
A
increase of the gauge length during the tensile test
3.4.1
total compliance
C
t
ratio of the measured displacement to the corresponding force during the tensile test
3.4.2
load train compliance
C
l
ratio of the load train elongation, excluding the specimen contribution, to the corresponding force
during the tensile test
3.5
strain
ε
ratio of the tow elongation A to the gauge length L
0
3.6
filament rupture strain
ε
r,j
strain at step j in the non-linear parts of the force-displacement curve
3.7
filament strength
σ
r,j
ratio of the tensile force to the cross-section area of all unbroken filaments at step j in the non-linear
parts of the force-displacement curve
3.8
average filament strength
σ
r
statistical average strength of the filaments in the tow for each test determined from the Weibull
strength distribution parameters of the filaments
3.9
mean filament strength
σ
r
arithmetic mean of the average strengths
4 Principle
A multifilament tow is loaded in tension at a constant displacement rate up to rupture of all the filaments
in the tow. The force and displacement are measured and recorded. From the force-displacement curve
the two-parameter Weibull distribution of the rupture strain and of the strength of the filaments is
obtained by sampling the nonlinear parts of the curve at discrete intervals, j, which correspond to an
increasing number of failed filaments in the tow.
5 Significance and use
Because measurement of the displacement directly on the tow is difficult, it is usually obtained
indirectly via a compliance measurement which includes contributions of the loading train, the
grips and the tabbing materials. These contributions have to be corrected for in the analysis. When
it is possible to measure the tow elongation directly (by using a suitable extensometer system) this
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correction is not needed. The calculation of the results in Clause 10 also applies in this case by setting
the load train compliance equal to zero.
The evaluation method is based on an analysis of the nonlinear domain of the force-displacement curve,
which is caused by progressive filament failure during the test. The size of this domain is promoted by
higher stiffness of the loading and gripping system. When the force-displacement curve does not show
this nonlinear domain, the evaluation method of this document cannot be applied.
The distribution of filament rupture strains does not depend on the initial number of filaments for those
tows that contain a large number of filaments; hence, it is not affected by the number of filaments which
are broken before the test, provided this number remains limited. The determination of the filament
strength distribution requires knowledge of the initial cross-sectional area of the tow. The variation in
filament diameters, which affects the strength values, is not accounted for.
The Weibull parameters determined by this test method and extrapolated to the respective gauge
length cannot be compared directly with those obtained from tensile tests on monofilaments according
[1]
to ISO 19630 because of variability in test conditions .
6 Apparatus
6.1 Tensile testing equipment
The test machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force applied to the specimen and
the displacement, or directly the tow elongation. The machine shall conform to grade 1 or better in
ISO 7500-1. The grips shall align the specimen with the direction of the force. Slipping of the specimen
in the grips shall be prevented.
[5][6]
NOTE The use of a displacement transducer placed at the ends of the grips (see Figure 1) or on the tow
[4][5][6]
itself will probably limit the contribution of different parts of the load train to the measured displacement,
and hence increase the accuracy.
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