SIST ISO 24617-1:2013

Language resource management -- Semantic annotation framework (SemAF) -- Part 1: Time and events (SemAF-Time, ISO-TimeML)

Temporal information in natural language texts is an increasingly important component to the understanding of those texts. ISO 24617-1:2012, SemAF-Time, specifies a formalized XML-based markup language called ISO-TimeML, with a systematic way to extract and represent temporal information, as well as to facilitate the exchange of temporal information, both between operational language processing systems and between different temporal representation schemes. The use of guidelines for temporal annotation has been fully attested with examples from the TimeBank corpus, a collection of 183 documents that have been annotated by TimeML before the current version of ISO-TimeML was formulated.

Gestion des ressources langagières -- Cadre d'annotation sémantique (SemAF) -- Partie 1: Temps et événements (SemAF-Time, ISO-TimeML)

Upravljanje z jezikovnimi viri - Ogrodje za semantično označevanje (SemAF) - 1. del: Čas in dogodki (SemAF-Time, ISO-TimeML)

Časovne informacije v besedilih v naravnem jeziku so vedno pomembnejše za razumevanje teh besedil. Ta del standarda ISO 24617, SemAF-Time, določa formaliziran jezik za označevanje ISO-TimeML, ki temelji na XML in na sistematičen način izlušči in predstavi časovne informacije ter olajšuje izmenjavo časovnih informacij med sistemi obdelave izvajalnega jezika in med različnimi shemami časovne predstavitve. Uporaba smernic za časovno označevanje je potrjena s primeri iz korpusa TimeBank, zbirko 183 dokumentov, ki so bili označeni s TimeML pred oblikovanjem trenutne različice ISO-TimeML.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 11-Jun-2013
• ICS: 01.020 - Terminology (principles and coordination)
• ICS: 01.140.20 - Information sciences
• ICS: 35.240.30 - IT applications in information, documentation and publishing
• Technical Committee: IDT - Information, documentation, language and terminology
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 31-May-2013
• Due Date: 05-Aug-2013
• Completion Date: 12-Jun-2013
• Ref Project: ISO 24617-1:2012 - Language resource management — Semantic annotation framework (SemAF) — Part 1: Time and events (SemAF-Time, ISO-TimeML)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2013
Upravljanje z jezikovnimi viri - Ogrodje za semantično označevanje (SemAF) - 1.
del: Čas in dogodki (SemAF-Time, ISO-TimeML)
Language resource management -- Semantic annotation framework (SemAF) -- Part 1:
Time and events (SemAF-Time, ISO-TimeML)
Gestion des ressources langagières -- Cadre d'annotation sémantique (SemAF) -- Partie
1: Temps et événements (SemAF-Time, ISO-TimeML)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 24617-1:2012
ICS:
01.020 Terminologija (načela in Terminology (principles and
koordinacija) coordination)
01.140.20 Informacijske vede Information sciences
35.240.30 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in information,
informatiki, dokumentiranju in documentation and
založništvu publishing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24617-1
First edition
2012-01-15
Language resource management —
Semantic annotation framework
(SemAF) —
Part 1:
Time and events (SemAF-Time,
ISO-TimeML)
Gestion des ressources langagières — Cadre d'annotation sémantique
(SemAF) —
Partie 1: Temps et événements (SemAF-Time, ISO-TimeML)

Reference number
©
ISO 2012
©  ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56  CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword . vi
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Overview . 4
5 Motivation and requirements . 4
6 Basic concepts and metamodel . 5
7 Specification of ISO-TimeML . 8
7.1 Overview . 8
7.2 Abstract syntax . 8
7.2.1 Introduction . 8
7.2.2 Conceptual inventory . 9
7.2.3 Syntax rules . 9
7.3 Concrete XML-based syntax . 10
7.3.1 TimeML vs. ISO-TimeML: Stand-off annotation and other differences . 10
7.3.2 Naming conventions . 12
7.3.3 Example annotations . 12
7.3.4 Basic elements: , , and . 12
7.3.5 Link elements: , , and . 18
7.3.6 Other tags: , and . 22
8 Towards a semantics for ISO-TimeML . 26
8.1 Overview . 26
8.2 Tense and aspect in language . 26
8.2.1 Tense . 26
8.2.2 Aspect . 26
8.3 Temporal relations . 27
8.4 An interval-based semantics for ISO-TimeML . 28
8.4.1 Technical preliminaries for interval temporal logic . 28
8.4.2 Basic event-structure . 29
8.4.3 The interpretation of . 31
8.4.4 Interpretive rule summary . 36
8.5 An event-based semantics for ISO-TimeML . 37
8.5.1 Introduction . 37
8.5.2 Defining an event-based semantics . 38
Annex A (normative) Core annotation guidelines . 41
A.1 Introduction . 41
A.2 ISO-TimeML elements and their attributes . 41
A.2.1 The element . 41
A.2.2 The element . 48
A.2.3 The element . 55
A.3 The link elements: , , and . 56
A.3.1 Overview . 56
A.3.2 The element . 56
A.3.3 The element . 59
A.3.4 The element . 61
A.3.5 The element . 62
Annex B (informative) Completely annotated examples .63
B.1 Complex TIMEX3 examples .63
B.2 Complex TLINK and SLINK examples .64
B.3 Causative examples .67
Annex C (informative) Event and temporal annotations for Chinese .68
Annex D (informative) Annotation for Italian fragment .74
D.1 Introduction .74
D.2 Basic references .74
D.3 ISO-TimeML elements and their attributes .74
D.3.1 How to annotate EVENTs .74
D.3.2 Event identification and tag span .75
D.3.3 What NOT to tag .78
D.3.4 Introductory note .78
D.4 The element .81
D.5 The link tags .82
D.6 Informative: Examples of tense, aspect and mood annotation in Italian.82
D.7 Sample of Italian annotation .84
Annex E (informative) Temporal annotation of predicates in Korean .89
E.1 Introduction .89
E.2 Basic references .89
E.3 Morpholoy of Korean predicates .89
E.4 Temporal structure: informative .91
E.5 Temporal annotation of non-Latin texts .92
E.6 Tense .93
E.6.1 Tense markers .93
E.6.2 Annotation guidelines for the attribute @tense .95
E.6.3 Contextual interpretation of tense .96
E.7 Aspect . 114
E.7.1 Aspect markers . 114
E.7.2 Annotation of aspect markers . 115
E.7.3 Interpretation of aspectual features. 116
E.7.4 Interpretation conditions of aspect . 118
E.8 Modality . 118
E.8.1 Conjectural modal markers . 118
E.8.2 Annotation of modality CONJECTURAL . 119
E.8.3 Interpretation of modality CONJECTURAL . 120
E.9 Mood . 120
E.9.1 Mood markers . 120
E.9.2
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2013
8SUDYOMDQMH]MH]LNRYQLPLYLUL2JURGMH]DVHPDQWLþQRR]QDþHYDQMH6HP$)
GHOýDVLQGRJRGNL6HP$)7LPH,627LPH0/
Language resource management -- Semantic annotation framework (SemAF) -- Part 1:
Time and events (SemAF-Time, ISO-TimeML)
Gestion des ressources langagières -- Cadre d'annotation sémantique (SemAF) -- Partie
1: Temps et événements (SemAF-Time, ISO-TimeML)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 24617-1:2012
ICS:
01.020 7HUPLQRORJLMDQDþHODLQ Terminology (principles and
NRRUGLQDFLMD coordination)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24617-1
First edition
2012-01-15
Language resource management —
Semantic annotation framework
(SemAF) —
Part 1:
Time and events (SemAF-Time,
ISO-TimeML)
Gestion des ressources langagières — Cadre d'annotation sémantique
(SemAF) —
Partie 1: Temps et événements (SemAF-Time, ISO-TimeML)

Reference number
©
ISO 2012
©  ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56  CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword . vi
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Overview . 4
5 Motivation and requirements . 4
6 Basic concepts and metamodel . 5
7 Specification of ISO-TimeML . 8
7.1 Overview . 8
7.2 Abstract syntax . 8
7.2.1 Introduction . 8
7.2.2 Conceptual inventory . 9
7.2.3 Syntax rules . 9
7.3 Concrete XML-based syntax . 10
7.3.1 TimeML vs. ISO-TimeML: Stand-off annotation and other differences . 10
7.3.2 Naming conventions . 12
7.3.3 Example annotations . 12
7.3.4 Basic elements: , , and . 12
7.3.5 Link elements: , , and . 18
7.3.6 Other tags: , and . 22
8 Towards a semantics for ISO-TimeML . 26
8.1 Overview . 26
8.2 Tense and aspect in language . 26
8.2.1 Tense . 26
8.2.2 Aspect . 26
8.3 Temporal relations . 27
8.4 An interval-based semantics for ISO-TimeML . 28
8.4.1 Technical preliminaries for interval temporal logic . 28
8.4.2 Basic event-structure . 29
8.4.3 The interpretation of . 31
8.4.4 Interpretive rule summary . 36
8.5 An event-based semantics for ISO-TimeML . 37
8.5.1 Introduction . 37
8.5.2 Defining an event-based semantics . 38
Annex A (normative) Core annotation guidelines . 41
A.1 Introduction . 41
A.2 ISO-TimeML elements and their attributes . 41
A.2.1 The element . 41
A.2.2 The element . 48
A.2.3 The element . 55
A.3 The link elements: , , and . 56
A.3.1 Overview . 56
A.3.2 The element . 56
A.3.3 The element . 59
A.3.4 The element . 61
A.3.5 The element . 62
Annex B (informative) Completely annotated examples .63
B.1 Complex TIMEX3 examples .63
B.2 Complex TLINK and SLINK examples .64
B.3 Causative examples .67
Annex C (informative) Event and temporal annotations for Chinese .68
Annex D (informative) Annotation for Italian fragment .74
D.1 Introduction .74
D.2 Basic references .74
D.3 ISO-TimeML elements and their attributes .74
D.3.1 How to annotate EVENTs .74
D.3.2 Event identification and tag span .75
D.3.3 What NOT to tag .78
D.3.4 Introductory note .78
D.4 The element .81
D.5 The link tags .82
D.6 Informative: Examples of tense, aspect and mood annotation in Italian.82
D.7 Sample of Italian annotation .84
Annex E (informative) Temporal annotation of predicates in Korean .89
E.1 Introduction .89
E.2 Basic references .89
E.3 Morpholoy of Korean predicates .89
E.4 Temporal structure: informative .91
E.5 Temporal annotation of non-Latin texts .92
E.6 Tense .93
E.6.1 Tense markers .93
E.6.2 Annotation guidelines for the attribute @tense .95
E.6.3 Contextual interpretation of tense .96
E.7 Aspect . 114
E.7.1 Aspect markers . 114
E.7.2 Annotation of aspect markers . 115
E.7.3 Interpretation of aspectual features. 116
E.7.4 Interpretation conditions of aspect . 118
E.8 Modality . 118
E.8.1 Conjectural modal markers . 118
E.8.2 Annotation of modality CONJECTURAL . 119
E.8.3 Interpretation of modality CONJECTURAL . 120
E.9 Mood . 120
E.9.1 Mood markers . 120
E.9.2 Annotation of mood RETROSPECTIVE . 121
E.9.3 Interpretation of RETROSPECTIVE mood .
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24617-1
First edition
2012-01-15
Language resource management —
Semantic annotation framework
(SemAF) —
Part 1:
Time and events (SemAF-Time,
ISO-TimeML)
Gestion des ressources langagières — Cadre d'annotation sémantique
(SemAF) —
Partie 1: Temps et événements (SemAF-Time, ISO-TimeML)

Reference number
©
ISO 2012
©  ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56  CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword . vi
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Overview . 4
5 Motivation and requirements . 4
6 Basic concepts and metamodel . 5
7 Specification of ISO-TimeML . 8
7.1 Overview . 8
7.2 Abstract syntax . 8
7.2.1 Introduction . 8
7.2.2 Conceptual inventory . 9
7.2.3 Syntax rules . 9
7.3 Concrete XML-based syntax . 10
7.3.1 TimeML vs. ISO-TimeML: Stand-off annotation and other differences . 10
7.3.2 Naming conventions . 12
7.3.3 Example annotations . 12
7.3.4 Basic elements: , , and . 12
7.3.5 Link elements: , , and . 18
7.3.6 Other tags: , and . 22
8 Towards a semantics for ISO-TimeML . 26
8.1 Overview . 26
8.2 Tense and aspect in language . 26
8.2.1 Tense . 26
8.2.2 Aspect . 26
8.3 Temporal relations . 27
8.4 An interval-based semantics for ISO-TimeML . 28
8.4.1 Technical preliminaries for interval temporal logic . 28
8.4.2 Basic event-structure . 29
8.4.3 The interpretation of . 31
8.4.4 Interpretive rule summary . 36
8.5 An event-based semantics for ISO-TimeML . 37
8.5.1 Introduction . 37
8.5.2 Defining an event-based semantics . 38
Annex A (normative) Core annotation guidelines . 41
A.1 Introduction . 41
A.2 ISO-TimeML elements and their attributes . 41
A.2.1 The element . 41
A.2.2 The element . 48
A.2.3 The element . 55
A.3 The link elements: , , and . 56
A.3.1 Overview . 56
A.3.2 The element . 56
A.3.3 The element . 59
A.3.4 The element . 61
A.3.5 The element . 62
Annex B (informative) Completely annotated examples .63
B.1 Complex TIMEX3 examples .63
B.2 Complex TLINK and SLINK examples .64
B.3 Causative examples .67
Annex C (informative) Event and temporal annotations for Chinese .68
Annex D (informative) Annotation for Italian fragment .74
D.1 Introduction .74
D.2 Basic references .74
D.3 ISO-TimeML elements and their attributes .74
D.3.1 How to annotate EVENTs .74
D.3.2 Event identification and tag span .75
D.3.3 What NOT to tag .78
D.3.4 Introductory note .78
D.4 The element .81
D.5 The link tags .82
D.6 Informative: Examples of tense, aspect and mood annotation in Italian.82
D.7 Sample of Italian annotation .84
Annex E (informative) Temporal annotation of predicates in Korean .89
E.1 Introduction .89
E.2 Basic references .89
E.3 Morpholoy of Korean predicates .89
E.4 Temporal structure: informative .91
E.5 Temporal annotation of non-Latin texts .92
E.6 Tense .93
E.6.1 Tense markers .93
E.6.2 Annotation guidelines for the attribute @tense .95
E.6.3 Contextual interpretation of tense .96
E.7 Aspect . 114
E.7.1 Aspect markers . 114
E.7.2 Annotation of aspect markers . 115
E.7.3 Interpretation of aspectual features. 116
E.7.4 Interpretation conditions of aspect . 118
E.8 Modality . 118
E.8.1 Conjectural modal markers . 118
E.8.2 Annotation of modality CONJECTURAL . 119
E.8.3 Interpretation of modality CONJECTURAL . 120
E.9 Mood . 120
E.9.1 Mood markers . 120
E.9.2 Annotation of mood RETROSPECTIVE . 121
E.9.3 Interpretation of RETROSPECTIVE mood . 122
E.10 Specific values for attributes in Korean . 122
E.11 Summary . 122
Annex F (informative) Past and current activities on temporal and event annotation . 124
F.1 Introductory remarks . 124
F.2 Annotating temporal expressions . 124
F.3 Annotating events . 125
F.4 Annotating relations betwe
...