SIST EN 1860-2:2005
(Main)Appliances, solid fuels and firelighters for barbecueing - Part 2: Barbecue charcoal and barbecue charcoal briquettes - Requirements and test methods
Appliances, solid fuels and firelighters for barbecueing - Part 2: Barbecue charcoal and barbecue charcoal briquettes - Requirements and test methods
This document specifies the requirements and test methods for charcoal and charcoal briquettes for use in BBQ appliances.
Geräte, feste Brennstoffe und Anzündhilfen zum Grillen - Teil 2: Grill-Holzkohle und Grill-Holzkohlebriketts - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Der vorliegende Teil dieses Dokumentes legt die Anforderungen an und Prüfverfahren für Holzkohle und Holzkohlebriketts zur Verwendung in Grillgeräten fest.
Appareils, combustibles solides et allume-barbecue pour la cuisson au barbecue - Partie 2 : Charbon de bois et briquettes de charbon de bois pour barbecue - Exigences et méthodes d'essai
Cette partie de cette Norme européenne spécifie les exigences et les méthodes d'essai relatives au charbon de bois et aux briquettes de charbon de bois pour barbecue.
Naprave, trdna goriva in naprave za vžiganje žara - 2. del: Lesno oglje in briketi lesnega oglja za žar - Zahteve in preskusne metode
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Naprave, trdna goriva in naprave za vžiganje žara - 2. del: Lesno oglje in briketi lesnega oglja za žar - Zahteve in preskusne metodeGeräte, feste Brennstoffe und Anzündhilfen zum Grillen - Teil 2: Grill-Holzkohle und Grill-Holzkohlebriketts - Anforderungen und PrüfverfahrenAppareils, combustibles solides et allume-barbecue pour la cuisson au barbecue - Partie 2 : Charbon de bois et briquettes de charbon de bois pour barbecue - Exigences et méthodes d'essaiAppliances, solid fuels and firelighters for barbecueing - Part 2: Barbecue charcoal and barbecue charcoal briquettes - Requirements and test methods97.040.20Cooking ranges, working tables, ovens and similar appliances75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1860-2:2005SIST EN 1860-2:2005en,fr,de01-julij-2005SIST EN 1860-2:2005SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 1860-2:2005
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 1860-2February 2005ICS 75.160.10; 97.040.20English versionAppliances, solid fuels and firelighters for barbecueing - Part 2:Barbecue charcoal and barbecue charcoal briquettes -Requirements and test methodsAppareils, combustibles solides et allume-barbecue pour lacuisson au barbecue - Partie 2 : Charbon de bois etbriquettes de charbon de bois pour barbecue - Exigenceset méthodes d'essaiGeräte, feste Brennstoffe und Anzündhilfen zum Grillen -Teil 2: Grill-Holzkohle und Grill-Holzkohlebriketts -Anforderungen und PrüfverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 October 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1860-2:2005: ESIST EN 1860-2:2005
EN 1860-2:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Requirements.6 4.1 General.6 4.2 Requirements for barbecue charcoal.7 4.3 Requirements for barbecue charcoal briquettes.7 4.4 Inadmissible additions.8 5 Sampling.8 5.1 Sampling for granulometry.8 5.2 Sampling for testing ash, moisture, volatile and microscopic analyses.8 6 Test methods.9 6.1 Moisture.9 6.2 Volatiles.10 6.3 Ash.15 6.4 Fixed carbon.17 6.5 Test for inadmissible additions.17 6.6 Granulometry.18 6.7 Determination of impregnant content.18 6.8 Test report.18 7 Marking.18 7.1 Consumer communication on charcoal bags.18 7.2 Consumer communication on impregnated charcoal bags.19 Annex A (normative)
Determination of the volume of charcoal.21 A.1 General.21 A.2 Principle.21 A.3 Appliances.21 A.4 Sampling.21 A.5 Method of operation.21 A.6 Certificate of conformity.21 A.7 Inspection certificate.21 Annex B (normative)
Determination of moisture content for impregnated charcoal and for impregnated charcoal briquettes.23 B.1 General.23 B.2 Principle.23 B.3 Reagents.23 B.4 Apparatus.23 B.5 Preparation of sample.24 B.6 Procedure.24 B.7 Expression of results.25 B.8 Precision of the method.26 B.9 Test report.26 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….27
SIST EN 1860-2:2005
EN 1860-2:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1860-2:2005) has been prepared by CEN /TC 281, "Appliances, solid fuels and firelighters for barbecuing", the secretariat of which is held by AENOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2005. This document on Appliances, solid fuels and firelighters for barbecuing consists of the following parts: Part 1: Barbecues burning solid fuels - Requirements and test methods.
Part 2: Barbecue charcoal and barbecue charcoal briquettes - Requirements and test methods. Part 3: Firelighters for igniting solid fuels for use in barbecue appliances - Requirements and test methods. Part 4: Single use barbecues burning solid fuels - Requirements and test methods.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 1860-2:2005
EN 1860-2:2005 (E) 4
Introduction This document is part 2 of the documents for appliances, solid fuels and firelighters for barbecuing, which is intended to reduce the risks which can occur during and through barbecuing with solid fuels. SIST EN 1860-2:2005
EN 1860-2:2005 (E) 5
1 Scope This part of this document specifies the requirements and test methods for charcoal and charcoal briquettes for use in BBQ appliances. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1860-3:2003, Appliances, solid fuels and firelighters for barbecuing - Part 3: Firelighters for igniting solid fuels for use in barbecue appliances - Requirements and test methods ISO 562, Hard coal and coke — Determination of volatile matter
ISO 579, Coke — Determination of total moisture
ISO 975, Brown coals and lignites — Determination of yield of benzene-soluble extract — Semi-automatic method
ISO 1171, Solid mineral fuels — Determination of ash
ISO 1953, Hard coal — Size analysis by sieving
ISO 1988, Hard coal — Sampling
ISO 5069-2:1983, Brown coals and lignites - Principles of sampling —Part 2: Sample preparation for determination of moisture content and for general analysis. ISO 7404-2, Methods for the petrographic analysis of bituminous coal and anthracite — Part 2: Preparation of coal samples
ISO 7404-3, Methods for the petrographic analysis of bituminous coal and anthracite — Part 3: Method of determining maceral group composition
3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply 3.1 barbecue charcoal solid remainder of carbonization of wood or other vegetable matter that does not spit/spark abnormally when burning and has not been artificially chemically treated or artificially chemically prepared whereby the main constituent is carbon and the ash content is minimal 3.2 barbecue charcoal briquette
barbecue charcoal briquettes are produced by compressing barbecue charcoal particles together with a suitable binder 3.3 impregnated barbecue charcoal and impregnated barbecue charcoal briquette SIST EN 1860-2:2005
EN 1860-2:2005 (E) 6 barbecue charcoal and barbecue charcoal briquettes prepared for lighting by addition of a lighting agent 3.4 fixed carbon carbon remaining after the removal of volatile carbon matter and ash from dry charcoal 3.5 volatile matter determined as the loss in mass less that due to moisture, when charcoal or charcoal briquettes is heated out of contact with air under standardised conditions 3.6 ash residue after charcoal or charcoal briquettes are incinerated in air 3.7 total moisture
3.7.1 total moisture of barbecue charcoal and barbecue charcoal briquettes water contained in the barbecue charcoal and the barbecue charcoal briquettes which is driven off at 105°C 3.7.2 total moisture of impregnated barbecue charcoal and impregnated barbecue charcoal briquettes water contained in the impregnated barbecue charcoal and the impregnated barbecue charcoal briquettes which is removed by distillation with toluene 3.8 granulation percentage by weight of charcoal which has been screened between two specific sizes
3.9 binder product which when added to charcoal granules holds the particles together in a permanent solid mass 3.10 chemical sustainers chemicals such as nitrates and nitrites added as oxidising agents to sustain burning 3.11 repeatability results of duplicate determinations, carried out at different times in the same laboratory by the same operator using the same apparatus on duplicate samples taken from the same gross sample at the last stage of sample preparation, should not differ by more than the values indicated in 6.1.6, 6.2.6 and 6.3.6
3.12 reproducibility
means of the results of duplicate determinations, carried out in each of two different laboratories on representative portions taken from the same gross sample at the final stage of sample preparation, should not differ by more than the values indicated in 6.1.6, 6.2.6 and 6.3.6 4 Requirements 4.1 General Impregnated barbecue charcoal and impregnated barbecue charcoal briquettes shall fulfil the requirements for barbecue charcoal and barbecue charcoal briquettes together with the requirements of EN 1860-3. SIST EN 1860-2:2005
EN 1860-2:2005 (E) 7 4.2 Requirements for barbecue charcoal 4.2.1 Fixed carbon The fixed carbon in the dry charcoal shall be minimum of 75% by mass, calculated in accordance with 6.4.
4.2.2 Ash The ash content in the dry charcoal shall not exceed 8%, when tested according to 6.3. 4.2.3 Total moisture The total moisture content shall not exceed 8%, when tested according to 6.1. 4.2.4 Granulation The particle size for the barbecue charcoal shall be 0 mm to 150 mm: No more than 10% may exceed 80 mm in size. At least 80% shall be greater than 20 mm. 0 mm- 10 mm shall not exceed 7%. testing in accordance with 6.6. 4.2.5 Volatiles The volatiles must be carried out to allow determination of fixed carbon but no limits are set as maximum or minimum. 4.2.6 Bulk density The bulk density must be at least 130 kg/m3. 4.3
Requirements for barbecue charcoal briquettes 4.3.1 Fixed carbon The fixed carbon of dry barbecue charcoal briquettes shall be minimum 60%, calculated in accordance with 6.4. 4.3.2 Ash The ash content of dry barbecue charcoal briquettes shall be maximum 18%, when tested in accordance with 6.3. 4.3.3 Moisture The moisture content of barbecue charcoal briquettes shall not be above 8%, when tested in accordance with 6.1. SIST EN 1860-2:2005
EN 1860-2:2005 (E) 8 4.3.4 Granulation The form and size of barbecue charcoal briquettes shall be suitable for use with barbecue equipment complying with EN 1860- 1. The granules less than 20 mm shall not exceed 10%, when tested in accordance with 6.6.
4.3.5 Binder The binder must cause no health hazards when its combustion gases come into contact with food and the binder itself must be food grade quality. 4.4 Inadmissible additions 4.4.1 Microscopic analysis Microscopic analysis in accordance with 6.5 should not detect more than 10 particles in 1 000 particles of any substance which is not normally found after the distillation of wood to produce wood charcoal or in permissible binder in wood charcoal briquettes. The following inclusions are examples of inadmissible substances. Organic: such as all fossil coals and derivatives thereof, petroleum, coke, pitch, plastic, etc. Inorganic: such as glass, slag, rust, splinters of metal, stone powder, etc. The total of all detected inadmissible additions should not exceed 1% by volume, when tested in accordance with 6.5.
4.4.2 Chemical burning sustainers, shall not be permitted. 5 Sampling 5.1 Sampling for granulometry The granulation test must be carried out using randomly selected bags on general sale using a minimum total
sample weight of 40 kg. Take the whole of each package and combine it to form the sample for granulometry analysis. 5.2
Sampling for testing ash, moisture, volatile and microscopic analyses 5.2.1 Preparation Take the whole of the sample used to test granulometry and crush until 100% of the whole sample is less than 20 mm. The samples for individual analysis are obtained from this < 20 mm sample by the quartering method. 5.2.2 Materials for use in the quartering method A suitable sized sheet of glazed paper or plastic. A cardboard or wooden board of suitable dimensions. SIST EN 1860-2:2005
EN 1860-2:2005 (E) 9 5.2.3 Quartering method Place a clean dry sheet on the floor or alternatively in a box of suitable dimensions if preferred. Pour the complete < 20 mm sample onto the sheet or in the box to form a cone or pyramid. Divide the cone or pyramid into four parts in two operations using a cardboard or wooden board. The height and width of the board used must be greater than the height and width of the cone or pyramid formed by the sample on the sheet. Select one of the four parts and repeat the process until approximately a 2 kg sample remains. Take two of the final quarters, i.e. 2 x approximately 500 g samples, and seal in airtight jars for moisture testing. Take a further quarter (approximately 500 g) for ash, volatile and microscopic analysis. Take the final quarter for volatile testing and seal in an airtight jar and retain as a reference sample. This whole process of granulometry testing, reducing sample to < 20 mm and subsequent quartering procedure must be undertaken at one time and as quickly as possible in order to minimise possible moisture loss from the bulk sample. 6 Test methods 6.1 Moisture 6.1.1 Principle By modifying IS0 579 a sample is heated in air at 105°C - 110°C and maintained at this temperature until constant mass is obtained. The percentage moisture content is calculated from the loss in mass of the sample. Charcoal and charcoal briquettes are not liable to significant oxidation under the conditions stated. For impregnated charcoal and impregnated charcoal briquettes the impregnant must be extracted before carrying out the test. The moisture test shall be done in accordance with Annex B. 6.1.2 Apparatus 6.1.2.1 Air oven capable of maintaining a substantially uniform temperature zone at 105° C - 110°C and in which the rate of atmosphere change is sufficiently rapid for the test. 6.1.2.2 Tray approximately 0,1 m2 in area and 25 mm deep made of non-corrodible material such as stainless steel, tinned steel or aluminium. 6.1.2.3 Balance accurate to 1 g. 6.1.3 Sample The sample shall consist of 500 g of charcoal or charcoal briquettes prepared in accordance with the rules prescribed in sampling. 6.1.4 Procedure Weigh, to the nearest 0,1%, the sample and container as received. Weigh the dry, empty tray, transfer the sample as completely as possible to the tray and spread evenly. Place the charged tray in the oven at the SIST EN 1860-2:2005
EN 1860-2:2005 (E) 10 temperature of 105°C - 110°C. Dry the wet container with any sample adhering to it by warming, transfer the remaining sample to the tray and weigh the dry, empty container. Heat the tray and its contents until constant mass is obtained, weighing the tray hot to avoid absorption of moisture during cooling. 6.1.5 Expression of results The moisture content M of the charcoal as analysed, expressed as a percentage by mass, is given by the formula. 100)()()(412341xmmmmmmM−−−−= where M is the moisture content, in percentage; m1 is the mass of the container plus sample as received, in grams; m2 is the mass of the dry, empty tray, in grams; m3 is the mass of the tray plus sample after heating, in grams; m4 is the mass of the dry, empty container, in grams; The result, preferably the mean of duplicate determinations, shall be reported to the nearest 0,1%. 6.1.6 Precision of the method
Table 1 — Precision of the method Maximum acceptable differences
Between results obtained
In the same laboratory (Repeatability) In different laboratories (Reproducibility) Total moisture content 0,5% absolute 0,7% absolute
6.2 Volatiles The test is empirical and, in order to ensure reproducible results, it is essential that the rate of heating, the final temperature and the overall duration of the test shall be carefully controlled. The moisture content of the sample shall be determined at the same time as the volatile matter content so that the appropriate correction can be made. The apparatus and procedure are so specified that one or more determinations may be carried out simultaneously in the muffle furnace. SIST EN 1860-2:2005
EN 1860-2:2005 (E) 11 6.2.1 Principle By modifying ISO 562 the sample is heated at 900° C out of contact with air for 7 min. The percentage of volatile matter is calculated from the loss in mass of the sample after deducting the loss in mass due to moisture. For impregnated charcoal and impregnated charcoal briquettes the impregnant must be extracted before carrying out the test. 6.2.2 Reagents Desiccant, fresh or freshly regenerated and preferably self indicating. Suitable desiccants are silica gel, activated alumina and anhydrous calcium sulphate. 6.2.3 Apparatus 6.2.3.1 Muffle furnace, heated by electricity, in which an adequate zone at a constant and uniform temperature of (900 ±10) °C can be maintained. It may be of the stop-ended type or fitted at the back with a flue approximately 25 mm diameter and 150 mm long. Its heat capacity shall be such that, with an initial temperature of 900°C, a minimum temperature of 885° C is regained within 4 min, preferably within 3 min, of the insertion of a cold stand and its crucible(s), the temperature being measured with an unsheathed thermocouple, as described in 6.2.3.2. Normally the furnace will be designed specifically either for receiving one crucible and its stand or for multiple determinations using a number of crucibles in one stand. The temperature of 900°C shall be attained as closely as possible and the tolerance of ± 10° C is specified so as to meet inherent errors in the temperature measurement and lack of uniformity in the temperature distribution. A position for the crucible stand shall be chosen within the zone of uniform temperature and this position used for all determinations. 6.2.3.2 Pyrometer The temperature characteristics of the furnace shall be checked with an unsheathed thermocouple, of wire not thicker than 1 mm. The thermojunction shall be inserted midway between the base of the crucible in its stand and the floor of the furnace. If the stand holds more than one crucible, then the temperature under each crucible shall be checked in the same manner. If desired, a sheathed thermocouple may be permanently installed in the furnace with its thermojunction as close as possible to the centre of the zone of uniform temperature; in this case, its temperature readings shall be correlated at frequent intervals with those of the unsheathed thermocouple, which is then inserted only when necessary. NOTE The temperature/electromotive force relationship of a thermojunction maintained at elevated
temperatures gradually changes with time. 6.2.3.3 Crucible and lid
A cylindrical crucible with a well fitting lid, both of fused silica. The crucible and lid shall have a mass between 10 g and 14 g and dimensions approximating to those shown in Figure 1. The fit of the lid on the crucible is critical to the determination and a lid shall be selected to match the crucible so that the horizontal clearance between them is not greater than 0,5 mm. After selection, the crucible and the lid shall be ground together to give smooth surfaces and then be given a common distinguishing mark. SIST EN 1860-2:2005
EN 1860-2:2005 (E) 12
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 1 — Silica crucible and lid crucible made of silica must be used. 6.2.3.4 Stand On which the crucible is placed in the muffle furnace, such that the appropriate rate of heating can be achieved. For example, it may consist of the following:
a) for single determination: a ring of heat-resistant steel wire as shown in Figure 2, with two suitable
refractory material disks, 25 mm diameter and 1 mm thick, resting on the inner projection of its legs; or b) for multiple determinations: a tray of heat-resistant steel wire as shown in Figure 3, of appropriate size, with a suitable refractory material plat 2 mm thick supporting the crucible.
6.2.3.5 Balance, accurate to 0,1 mg 6.2.4 Preparation of sample The charcoal used for the determination of volatile matter is the analysis sample ground to pass a sieve of 212 µm aperture.
Before commencing the determination, mix the analysis sample thoroughly for at least 1 min, preferably by mechanical means.
SIST EN 1860-2:2005
EN 1860-2:2005 (E) 13 Dimensions in millimetres
Key 1 Three legs spaced at 120º apart 2 Ring 3 Handle Figure 2 — Crucible stand for a single determination
Dimensions in millimetres
Key 1 Suitable refractory material sheets Figure 3 — Crucible stand for multiple determinations SIST EN 1860-2:2005
EN 1860-2:2005 (E) 14 6.2.5 Procedure Heat in the muffle furnace at (900 ± 10)° C for 7 min either on crucible and lid or the requisite number of crucibles and lids to fill the multiple stand. Remove from the furnace, allow the crucible(s) to cool first on a metal slab and finally in a desiccator located next to the balance. a) As soon as these are cool, weigh each empty crucible and lid and weigh into each crucible, to the nearest 0,1 mg, 1,00 g to 1,01 g of sample. As we must express the results on a dry basis the following initial action is taken: b) Heat the crucible without the lid to 105°C -110°C for 1 h. c) Cool in a desiccator. d) Reweigh the crucible and dried charcoal powder and calculate the exact weight of dried charcoal remaining in the crucible to be tested for volatile content. e) Replace the lid and tap the crucible on a clean, hard surface until the sample forms a layer of even thickness on the bottom of the crucible. Precisely similar treatment of the crucible before and after the determination minimises the effect of any film of water absorbed on its surface, while the rapid cooling reduces absorption of moisture by the charcoal residue.
f) Adjust the temperature of the zone in the muffle furnace to 900°C ± 10°C. g)
Place the charged crucibles in a cold stand and transfer to the furnace. Close the door and allow to remain for exactly 7 min. Remove, cool in a desiccator and weigh the crucible(s) to establish m3 as required to calculate and express the results. h) If multiple determinations are being made any vacant places in the stand should be filled with empty crucibles. 6.2.6 Expression of results The volatile matter V on a dry basis expressed as a percentage by mass, is given by the equation 100)()(1232xmmmmV−−= where
V is the volatile matter, as a percentage by mass, in the sample analysed; m1 is the mass of the empty crucible and lid, in grams; m2 is the mass of the crucible and lid and sample after drying at 105° C for 1 h, in grams; m3 is the mass of the crucible and lid and content after heating, in grams; The results (preferably the mean of duplicate determinations) shall be reported to the nearest 0,1%.
SIST EN 1860-2:2005
EN 1860-2:2005 (E) 15 6.2.7
Precision of the method Table 2 — Precision of the method Maximum acceptable differences
Between results obtained (calculated to the same moisture content) Sample In the same laboratory (Repeatability) In different laboratories (Reproducibility) Charcoal and charcoal briquettes of volatile matter Content > 10 % 0,3% absolute 0,5% absolute
6.2.8 Impregnated
products Before testing impregnated barbecue charcoal or impregnated barbecue charcoal briquettes the impregnant must be extracted according to 6.7
6.3 Ash 6.3.1 Principle By modifying ISO 1171 the sample is heated in air at a specified rate up to a temperature of (710 ± 10)° C and maintained at this temperature until constant in mass.
The percentage of ash is calculated from the mass of the residue after incineration.
For impregnated charcoal and impregnated charcoal briquettes the impregnant must be extracted before carrying out the test.
6.3
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