SIST EN 15365:2010
(Main)Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic fibres at high temperature in a non-reactive environment - Determination of creep behaviour by the cold end method
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic fibres at high temperature in a non-reactive environment - Determination of creep behaviour by the cold end method
This European standard specifies the conditions for the determination of the tensile creep deformation and failure behaviour of single filaments of ceramic fibres at high temperature and under test conditions that prevent changes to the material as a result of chemical reaction with the test environment.
This European standard applies to continuous ceramic filaments taken from tows, yarns, braids and knittings, which have strains to fracture less than or equal to 5 %.
Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von Keramikfasern bei hohen Temperaturen in einer reaktionsfreien Umgebung - Bestimmung des Kriechverhaltens im Kaltverbindungsverfahren
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Bedingungen für die Bestimmung der Kriechzugdehnung und des Fehlerverhaltens von einzelnen Fasern von Keramikfasern bei hohen Temperaturen und Prüfbedingungen, die Änderungen des Werkstoffs auf Grund chemischer Reaktionen mit der Prüfumgebung verhindern, fest.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Endlos Keramikfasern aus Bündeln, Garnen, Borten und Maschenwaren, die eine Bruchdehnung von weniger als oder gleich 5 % aufweisen.
Céramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniques des fibres céramiques à haute température sous environnement non-réactif - Détermination du comportement au fluage par la méthode des mors froids
La présente Norme européenne prescrit les conditions permettant de déterminer la déformation de fluage en
traction et le comportement à la rupture de monofilaments de fibres céramiques à température élevée et dans
des conditions d’essai empêchant toute modification du matériau en raison de la réaction chimique avec le
milieu d’essai.
Cette Norme européenne s’applique aux filaments céramiques continus issus de mèches, fils, tresses et
tricots dont les contraintes à la rupture sont inférieures ou égales à 5 %.
Sodobna tehnična keramika - Mehanske lastnosti keramičnih vlaken pri visokih temperaturah v nereaktivnem okolju - Določitev lezenja po metodi hladnega spajanja (cold end method)
Ta evropski standard določa pogoje za določitev natezne deformacije lezenja in napak pri delovanju enojnih filamentov keramičnih vlaken pri visokih temperaturah in pod preskusnimi pogoji, ki preprečujejo spremembe materiala, ki so posledica kemične reakcije s preskusnim okoljem. Ta evropski standard velja za neprekinjene keramične filamente iz svežnjev, preje, pletenic in pletenja z deformacijami, ki so manjše ali enake 5 %.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.KODGQHJDHochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von Keramikfasern bei hohen Temperaturen in einer reaktionsfreien Umgebung - Bestimmung des Kriechverhaltens im KaltverbindungsverfahrenCéramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniques des fibres céramiques à haute température sous environnement non-réactif - Détermination du comportement au fluage par la méthode des mors froidsAdvanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic fibres at high temperature in a non-reactive environment - Determination of creep behaviour by the cold end method81.060.30Sodobna keramikaAdvanced ceramicsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15365:2010SIST EN 15365:2010en,de01-september-2010SIST EN 15365:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 15365:20061DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 15365:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15365
July 2010 ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes CEN/TS 15365:2006English Version
Advanced technical ceramics -Mechanical properties of ceramic fibres at high temperature in a non-reactive environment - Determination of creep behaviour by the cold end method
Céramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniques des fibres céramiques à haute température sous environnement non-réactif - Détermination du comportement au fluage par la méthode des mors froids
Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von Keramikfasern bei hohen Temperaturen in einer reaktionsfreien Umgebung - Bestimmung des Kriechverhaltens im Kaltverbindungsverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 June 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15365:2010: ESIST EN 15365:2010
EN 15365:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .31Scope .42Normative references .43Terms and definitions .44Principle .75Significance and use .86Apparatus .86.1Test installations.86.2Load train .86.3Test chamber .96.4Set-up for heating .96.5Temperature measurement .96.6Control of deformation .96.7Data recording system .96.8Determination of fibre cross sectional area .97Test specimens .97.1Test specimen preparation .97.2Number of test specimens . 118Test procedures . 118.1Determination of the temperature profile in the furnace . 118.2Test set-up: Determination of the temperature profile and of the different lengths of each temperature zone in the furnace . 118.3Test set-up: Loading considerations . 128.4Test technique . 128.5Test validity . 149Calculation of results . 149.1Creep stress . 149.2Creep strain at time t . 1410Test report . 15Bibliography . 17 SIST EN 15365:2010
EN 15365:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15365:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15365:2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 15365:2010
EN 15365:2010 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the conditions for the determination of the tensile creep deformation and failure behaviour of single filaments of ceramic fibres at high temperature and under test conditions that prevent changes to the material as a result of chemical reaction with the test environment. This European Standard applies to continuous ceramic filaments taken from tows, yarns, braids and knittings, which have strains to fracture less than or equal to 5 %. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 60584 (all parts), Thermocouples CEN/TR 13233:2007, Advanced technical ceramics — Notations and symbols 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TR 13233:2007 and the following apply. 3.1 creep time-dependent increase of gauge length starting from the time when the constant specified level of force is reached 3.2 creep threshold temperature
Tt minimum temperature at which creep is detected 3.3 specimen temperature T temperature which varies along the fibre length in the cold grips case
NOTE See 8.2. 3.4 specimen temperature in the zone Ti temperature defined as: Tt ≤ Ti ≤ Tt + i ∆T 3.5 total length
L total length of the ceramic filament between the grips 3.6 length Li length of the ceramic filament at temperature Ti SIST EN 15365:2010
EN 15365:2010 (E) 5 3.7 initial effective cross sectional area A0 initial cross sectional area of the ceramic filament within the gauge length 3.8 applied tensile force F constant force applied to the ceramic filament during the test 3.9 applied tensile stress σσσσ applied tensile force divided by the initial cross sectional area 3.10 longitudinal deformation ∆∆∆∆L change in the total length of the ceramic filament caused by creep 3.11 longitudinal deformation ∆∆∆∆Li change of the filament caused by creep at temperature Ti 3.12 tensile creep strain εεεεcr(T) relative change in length in the controlled zone at time t, caused by creep at the temperature T NOTE The value corresponding to rupture is denoted εcr,m. 3.13 creep rupture time tcr,m time elapsed from the moment when loading is completed until the moment of rupture 3.14 creep strain rate ε&cr(T) change in creep strain per unit time at time t at the temperature Ti 3.15 creep type primary, secondary or tertiary creep 3.16 primary creep part of the creep strain versus time curve which presents a decreasing creep strain rate
NOTE
See Figure 1. 3.17 secondary creep part of the creep strain versus time curve which presents a constant creep strain rate
NOTE
See Figure 1. SIST EN 15365:2010
EN 15365:2010 (E) 6 3.18 tertiary creep part of the creep strain versus time curve which presents an increasing creep strain rate
NOTE See Figure 1.
a) Creep strain versus time
b) Creep strain rate versus time Key 1 Creep strain ε cr 6 Creep strain rate ε&cr (creep strain with time) 2 Time t 7 Time 3 Primary creep 8 Primary creep 4 Secondary creep 9 Secondary creep 5 Tertiary creep 10 Tertiary creep Figure 1 — Creep strain and creep strain rate versus time curves SIST EN 15365:2010
EN 15365:2010 (E) 7 4 Principle A ceramic filament is heated to the test temperature and loaded in tension until a specified level of force. This force is maintained at a constant level for a specified time or until rupture. The variation in the ceramic filament length is recorded in relation to time. The specimen is held in cold grips and heated by a furnace. This experimental configuration provokes temperature variations along the filament, which have to be taken into account in order to determine the creep properties as function of temperature. Prior to testing, the temperature profile inside the furnace is established over the temperature range. The temperature range is then divided into several temperature zones defined by the operator, according to the following graph.
Key T Temperature (°C) l Length of the furnace P Position (mm) En Entrance Ex Exit L total length of the ceramic filament between the groups L0 = L2ûT + 2LûT
where
L2ûT is the furnace length where the temperature T is in the range Tt + ∆T ≤ T ≤ Tt + 2 ∆T;
LûT is the furnace length where the temperature T is in the range Tt ≤ T ≤ Tt + ∆T. Figure 2 — Temperature profile in furnace If Tt is considered to be the lowest temperature at which creep is observed, the temperature profile can be divided in several intervals as a function of Tt and ∆T, where ∆T is the difference in temperature between the different zones, fixed by the operator. If we consider i, the entire number of zones, and L, the total fibre length, then we can define the following lengths: L20 is the furnace length where the temperature T is in the range 20 °C ≤ T ≤ Tt; SIST EN 15365:2010
EN 15365:2010 (E) 8 L∆T is the furnace length where the temperature T is in the range Tt ≤ T ≤ Tt + ∆T; L2∆T is the furnace length where the temperature T is in the range Tt + ∆T ≤ T ≤ Tt + 2 ∆T; Li∆T is the furnace length where the temperature T is in the range Tt + (i – 1) ∆T ≤ T ≤ Tt + i ∆T. Then L can be written: L = L20 + L∆T + L2∆T + L3∆T + … + Li∆T (1) Thus it is possible to determine the deformation in all of these different temperature zones. The inconvenience of this method is that determining the true deformation in the L2∆T zone requires the determination of the deformation in the lower temperature zones. Below the temperature Tt and for a constant load applied to the fibre, the deformation is constant so that the strain rate is equal to zero. 5 Significance and use Creep tests allow the comparison and the determination of parameters or behaviour laws and their extrapolation to long-term behaviour for different materials under constant load at high temperatures. These allow the conception and design of industrial parts with close control of tolerances for high temperature applications. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Test installations NOTE Two different types of installation can be used, as specified in 6.1.1 and 6.1.2. 6.1.1 Test machine The machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force applied to the test specimen. The machine shall have a load cell with a resolution of 10-3 N for the applied force. The displacement transducer shall have a resolution of at least 2 µ. This shall prevail during actual test conditions (pressure, temperature). 6.1.2 Creep testing rig When a creep testing rig is used, the force application system shall be calibrated. The t
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.KODGQHJDHochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von Keramikfasern bei hohen Temperaturen in einer reaktionsfreien Umgebung - Bestimmung des Kriechverhaltens im KaltverbindungsverfahrenCéramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniques des fibres céramiques à haute température sous environnement non-réactif - Détermination du comportement au fluage par la méthode des mors froidsAdvanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic fibres at high temperature in a non-reactive environment - Determination of creep behaviour by the cold end method81.060.30Sodobna keramikaAdvanced ceramicsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:FprEN 15365kSIST FprEN 15365:2010en,de01-februar-2010kSIST FprEN 15365:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
kSIST FprEN 15365:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
FINAL DRAFT
FprEN 15365
December 2009 ICS 81.060.30 Will supersede CEN/TS 15365:2006English Version
Advanced technical ceramics -Mechanical properties of ceramic fibres at high temperature in a non-reactive environment - Determination of creep behaviour by the cold end method
Céramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniques des fibres céramiques à haute température sous environnement non-réactif - Détermination du comportement au fluage par la méthode des mors froids
Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von Keramikfasern bei hohen Temperaturen in einer reaktionsfreien Umgebung - Bestimmung des Kriechverhaltens im Kaltverbindungsverfahren This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 184.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. FprEN 15365:2009: EkSIST FprEN 15365:2010
FprEN 15365:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .31Scope .42Normative references .43Terms and definitions .44Principle .75Significance and use .86Apparatus .87Test specimens .97.1Test specimen preparation .97.2Number of test specimens . 118Test procedures . 118.1Determination of the temperature profile in the furnace . 118.2Test set-up: Determination of the temperature profile and of the different lengths of each temperature zone in the furnace . 118.3Test set-up: Loading considerations . 118.4Test technique . 128.5Test validity . 139Calculation of results . 149.1Creep stress . 149.2Creep strain at time t . 1410Test report . 15Bibliography . 17 kSIST FprEN 15365:2010
FprEN 15365:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (FprEN 15365:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure. This document will supersede CEN/TS 15365:2006. kSIST FprEN 15365:2010
FprEN 15365:2009 (E) 4 1 Scope This European standard specifies the conditions for the determination of the tensile creep deformation and failure behaviour of single filaments of ceramic fibres at high temperature and under test conditions that prevent changes to the material as a result of chemical reaction with the test environment. This European standard applies to continuous ceramic filaments taken from tows, yarns, braids and knittings, which have strains to fracture less than or equal to 5 %. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CEN/TR 13233:2007, Advanced technical ceramics — Notations and symbols EN 60584-1, Thermocouples — Part 1: Reference tables (IEC 60584-1:1995) EN 60584-2, Thermocouples — Part 2: Tolerances (IEC 60584-2:1982 + A1:1989) EN 60584-3, Thermocouples — Part 3: Extension and compensating cables — Tolerances and identification systems (IEC 60584-3:2007) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European standard, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TR 13233:2007 and the following apply. 3.1 creep time-dependent increase of gauge length starting from the time when the constant specified level of force is reached 3.2 creep threshold temperature, Tt minimum temperature at which creep is detected 3.3 specimen temperature, T temperature which varies along the fibre length in the cold grips case
NOTE See 8.2. 3.4 difference in temperature between the different furnace zones, ∆∆∆∆T set by the operator 3.5 specimen temperature in the zone, Ti temperature defined as: Tt ≤ Ti ≤ Tt + i ∆T 3.6 total length, L total length of the ceramic filament between the grips kSIST FprEN 15365:2010
FprEN 15365:2009 (E) 5 3.7 length, Li length of the ceramic filament at temperature Ti 3.8 initial effective cross sectional area, A0 initial cross sectional area of the ceramic filament within the gauge length 3.9 applied tensile force, F constant force applied to the ceramic filament during the test 3.10 applied tensile stress, σσσσ applied tensile force divided by the initial cross sectional area 3.11 longitudinal deformation, ∆∆∆∆L change in the total length of the ceramic filament caused by creep 3.12 longitudinal deformation, ∆∆∆∆Li change of the filament caused by creep at temperature Ti 3.13 tensile creep strain, εεεεcr(T) relative change in length in the controlled zone at time t, caused by creep at the temperature T NOTE The value corresponding to rupture is denoted εcr,m. 3.14 creep rupture time, tcr,m time elapsed from the moment when loading is completed until the moment of rupture 3.15 creep strain rate, ε&cr(T) change in creep strain per unit time at time t at the temperature Ti 3.16 creep types primary, secondary and tertiary creep 3.17 primary creep part of the creep strain versus time curve which presents a decreasing creep strain rate
NOTE
See Figure 1. 3.18 secondary creep part of the creep strain versus time curve which presents a constant creep strain rate
NOTE
See Figure 1. 3.19 tertiary creep part of the creep strain versus time curve which presents an increasing creep strain rate
kSIST FprEN 15365:2010
FprEN 15365:2009 (E) 6 NOTE See Figure 1.
a) Creep strain versus time
b) Creep strain rate versus time Key 1 Creep strain ε cr 6 Creep strain rate ε&cr (creep strain with time) 2 Time t 7 Time 3 Primary creep 8 Primary creep 4 Secondary creep 9 Secondary creep 5 Tertiary creep 10 Tertiary creep Figure 1 — Creep strain and creep strain rate versus time curves kSIST FprEN 15365:2010
FprEN 15365:2009 (E) 7 4 Principle A ceramic filament is heated to the test temperature and loaded in tension until a specified level of force. This force is maintained at a constant level for a specified time or until rupture. The variation in the ceramic filament length is recorded in relation to time. The specimen is held in cold grips and heated by a furnace. This experimental configuration provokes temperature variations along the filament, which have to be taken into account in order to determine the creep properties as function of temperature. Prior to testing, the temperature profile inside the furnace is established over the temperature range. The temperature range is then divided into several temperature zones defined by the operator, according to the following graph.
Key T Temperature (°C) l Length of the furnace P Position (mm) En Entrance Ex Exit Figure 2 — Temperature profile in furnace If Tt is considered to be the lowest temperature at which creep is observed, the temperature profile can be divided in several intervals as a function of Tt and ∆T, where ∆T is the difference in temperature between the different zones, fixed by the operator. If we consider i, the entire number of zones, and L, the total fibre length, then we can define the following lengths: L20 is the furnace length where the temperature T is in the range 20 °C ≤ T ≤ Tt ; L∆T is the furnace length where the temperature T is in the range Tt ≤ T ≤ Tt + ∆T ; L2∆T is the furnace length where the temperature T is in the range Tt + ∆T ≤ T ≤ Tt + 2 ∆T ; Li∆T is the furnace length where the temperature T is in the range Tt + (i – 1) ∆T ≤ T ≤ Tt + i ∆T. kSIST FprEN 15365:2010
FprEN 15365:2009 (E) 8 Then L can be written: L = L20 + L∆T + L2∆T + L3∆T + … + Li∆T (1) Thus it is possible to determine the deformation in all of these different temperature zones. The inconvenience of this method is that determining the true deformation in the L2∆T zone requires the determination of the deformation in the lower temperature zones. Below the temperature Tt and for a constant load applied to the fibre, the deformation is constant so that the strain rate is equal to zero. 5 Significance and use Creep tests allow the comparison and the determination of parameters or behaviour laws and their extrapolation to long-term behaviour for different materials under constant load at high temperatures. These allow the conception and design of industrial parts with close control of tolerances for high temperature applications. 6 Apparatus 6.1
Test installations. NOTE Two different types of installation can be used, as specified in 6.1.1 and 6.1.2. 6.1.1
Test machine. The machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force applied to the test specimen. The machine shall have a load cell with a resolution of 10-3 N for the applied force. The displacement transducer shall have a resolution of at least 2 µ. This shall prevail during actual test conditions (pressure, temperature). 6.1.2 Creep testing rig. When a creep testing rig is used, the force application system shall be calibrated. The testing rig shall be equipped with a system to allow smooth loading of the ceramic filament(s). When this system is used, care shall be taken to ensure that the force applied to the ceramic filament remains constant to within 10-3 N, even when the material properties change and the environmental conditions (temperature, pressure) fluctuate. 6.2
Load train. The gripping system shall align the test specimen axis with that of the applied force. The load train configuration shall ensure that the load indicated by the load cell and the load experienced by the test specimen are the same. The load train performance including the alignment and the force transmission shall not change because of heating. 6.3 Test chamber. The chamber shall allow proper control of the test specimen environment during the test and ensure that any variation of load during the test is less than 1 % of the scale of the load cell being u
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.