SIST EN 14049:2004
(Main)Water application intensity - Calculation principles and measurement methods
Water application intensity - Calculation principles and measurement methods
This standard provides:
- principles and formulas for calculating water application intensity under sprinkler irrigation systems (fixed and moving);
- test methods and guidelines for measuring water application intensity under the different systems in laboratory and in field conditions.
It applies to stationary sprinkling systems: solid set sprinkler systems, automatic turf irrigation systems, sprinklers and sprayer for microirrigation systems, and to moving sprinkling systems: reel machine systems, centre pivot and moving laterals systems.
Bewässerungsverfahren - Bewässerungsintensität - Berechnungsgrundlagen und Messverfahren
In dieser Norm ist Folgendes festgelegt:
- Grundlagen und Formeln zur Berechnung der von (ortsfesten und beweglichen) Regner-Bewässerungs-systemen erreichten Bewässerungsintensität;
- Prüfverfahren und Richtlinien für die Messung der von verschiedenen Systemen unter Labor- und Feldbedingungen erreichten Bewässerungsintensität.
Sie gilt für ortsfeste Regnersysteme, d. h. fest installierte Regnersysteme, automatische Rasenbewässerungs-systeme, Regner und Sprüher für örtlich begrenzte Bewässerungssysteme, und für bewegliche Regnersysteme, d. h. Beregnungsmaschinen mit Regnereinzug, Kreis- und Linearberegnungs-maschinen.
Techniques d'irrigation - Intensité d'apport d'eau - Principes de calcul et méthodes de mesure
La présente norme fournit :
- les principes et les formules pour calculer l'intensité d'apport d'eau sous les systemes d'irrigation par aspersion (systemes fixes et mobiles) - les méthodes d'essai et lignes directrices pour mesurer l'intensité d'apport d'eau sous différents systemes, dans les conditions de laboratoire et sur le terrain.
Elle s'applique aux systemes d'aspersion fixes : systemes d'aspersion en couverture intégrale, installations avec arrosage automatique des espaces verts, asperseurs et arroseurs pour systemes d'irrigation localisée, ainsi qu'aux systemes d'aspersion mobiles : installations avec enrouleur, systemes avec pivot et rampes frontales.
Količina porabe vode – Računske osnove in merilne metode
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Bewässerungsverfahren - Bewässerungsintensität - Berechnungsgrundlagen und MessverfahrenTechniques d'irrigation - Intensité d'apport d'eau - Principes de calcul et méthodes de mesureWater application intensity - Calculation principles and measurement methods65.060.35Namakalna in drenažna opremaIrrigation and drainage equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14049:2003SIST EN 14049:2004en01-junij-2004SIST EN 14049:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 14049:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14049November 2003ICS 65.060.35English versionWater application intensity - Calculation principles andmeasurement methodsTechniques d'irrigation - Intensité d'apport d'eau - Principesde calcul et méthodes de mesureBewässerungsverfahren - Bewässerungsintensität -Berechnungsgrundlagen und MessverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 September 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14049:2003 ESIST EN 14049:2004
EN 14049:2003 (E)2ContentspageForeword.31Scope.42Normative references.43Terms and definitions.54Calculation methods related to water application intensity.64.1Depth of water application.64.2Water application intensity (WAI).64.2.1General.64.2.2Instantaneous water application intensity.64.2.3Average water application intensity.74.2.4Average WAI for a solid set of stationary sprinklers.74.2.5Average WAI for full circle sprinklers on moving systems.84.2.6Average WAI for part circle sprinkler on moving systems.125Measurement methods for water application intensity.125.1General.125.2Average water application intensity.135.2.1Case of fixed sprinklers.135.2.2Case of moving machines.145.2.3Case of sprinklers attached to a stationary machine.165.3Local “instantaneous” water application intensity.175.3.1General.175.3.2Measurement method.175.3.3Interpretation.17SIST EN 14049:2004
EN 14049:2003 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 14049:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 334 “Irrigation techniques”,the secretariat of which is held by AENOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by May 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byMay 2004.According to its working program, Sub Committee CEN/TC 334 charged working group CEN/TC 334/WG 8 withdrafting this standard.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 14049:2004
EN 14049:2003 (E)41 ScopeThis standard provides:¾ principles and formulas for calculating water application intensity under sprinkler irrigation systems (fixed andmoving);¾ test methods and guidelines for measuring water application intensity under the different systems in laboratoryand in field conditions.It applies to stationary sprinkling systems: solid set sprinkler systems, automatic turf irrigation systems, sprinklersand sprayer for microirrigation systems, and to moving sprinkling systems: reel machine systems, centre pivot andmoving laterals systems.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 12324-1:1998, Irrigation techniques – Reel machine systems – Part 1: Size seriesEN 12324-2:1999, Irrigation techniques – Reel machine systems – Part 2: Specifications of polyethylene tubes forreel machinesEN 12324-3:1999, Irrigation techniques – Reel machine systems – Part 3: Presentation of technical characteristicsEN 12324-4:1999, Irrigation techniques – Reel machine systems – Part 4: Check list of users’ requirementsEN 12325-3:1999, Irrigation techniques – Centre pivots and moving lateral systems – Part 3: Terminology andclassificationEN ISO 11545, Agricultural irrigation equipment – Centre-pivot and moving lateral irrigation machines with sprayeror sprinkler nozzles – Determination of uniformity of water distribution (ISO 11545:2001)ISO 7749-1, Agricultural irrigation equipment – Rotating sprinklers – Part 1: Design and operational requirementsISO 7749-2, Irrigation equipment – Rotating sprinklers – Part 2: Uniformity of distribution and test methodsISO 8026, Agricultural irrigation equipment – Sprayers – General requirements and test methodsSIST EN 14049:2004
EN 14049:2003 (E)53 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard the terms and definitions given in EN 12324-1:1998, EN 12324-2:1999, EN 12324-3:1999, EN 12324-4:1999, EN 12325-3:1999, and the following apply.3.1sprinkler irrigation systemset of irrigation equipment (such as an isolated sprinkler, a set of stationary sprinklers in a solid set system, the setof sprinklers or nozzles attached to a reel machine boom, to a centre pivot system or to a moving lateral, thetravelling gun attached to a reel-machine, an end-gun in centre pivot systems and moving laterals) delivering waterto a surface area (i.e. to the instantaneous wetted surface)3.2moving Irrigation systemany kind of irrigation system moving during sprinkling. The movement can be translatory or circular, and/orcontinuous or intermittent3.3depth of water application (D)average depth (mm) of water distributed on a surface area during a single irrigation event3.4instantaneous water application intensity (I)depth of water applied per unit time during a given period of time (usually a small period of time), at a given point(usually over a small given surface area). The most common water application intensity measurement unit is (mmh-1)3.5average water application intensity (Ia)average depth of water applied per unit time (mm h-1) measured as or calculated as the average of water irrigationintensities collected : (i) over time during a time period (for example during an irrigation period), and/or (ii) overspace (for example on an irrigation plot or on a part of it)3.6wetted surface areasurface area (S) in a plot receiving or having received water3.7irrigation periodirrigation period to which the water application intensity refers to can be both a unit time when the WAI (Waterapplication intensity) is derived from hydraulic parameters or the time of watering for a local evaluation under amoving or stationary systemSIST EN 14049:2004
EN 14049:2003 (E)64 Calculation methods related to water application intensity4.1 Depth of water applicationThe depth of water (D) applied is the total (the final) volume of water (Dv) delivered on a surface element (DS) fromthe beginning to the end of the irrigation period:SvDDD1000=(1)whereDdepth of water application (mm);Dvvolume of water delivered to the surface area DS during the irrigation period (m3);DSsurface area receiving water from the irrigation system (m²).At the system level, considering that the volume of water distributed (v) is tQv´=, the average depth of waterapplication (D) can be expressed as:StQD´=1000(2)whereDaverage depth of water application (mm);Qflow rate passing through the irrigation system (m3/h);tirrigation duration of the surface area (h);Ssurface area irrigated by the irrigation system (m²).4.2 Water application intensity (WAI)4.2.1 GeneralThe WAI calculation prevailing on a surface area DS depends on the irrigation period Dt of the application. DS andDt shall be reported in results presentations.4.2.2 Instantaneous water application intensityThe instantaneous water application intensity is evaluated using the general equation:tSvIDDD´=1000(3)whereIinstantaneous water application intensity (mm/h);Dvvolume of water delivered to the surface area DS during the irrigation period (m3);DSsurface area receiving water (m²);SIST EN 14049:2004
EN 14049:2003 (E)7Dtduration time for which the instantaneous intensity is to be evaluated (h).4.2.3 Average water application intensityAs sprinkler irrigation is often achieved through rotating jet(s) and/or travelling/rotating machines, the concept of“average water application intensity” is derived from equation (3) by selecting a time duration large enough to makesense with: (i) the duration of the rotation of the jet(s) of the sprinkler(s), for which the order of magnitude istypically one or a few minutes, or (ii) the duration of the travel of the irrigation machine across the plot or of theirrigation inside the plot, for which the order of magnitude is typically one or several hours.tDIa=(4)orSQIa1000=(5)whereIaaverage water application intensity (mm/h);Qflow rate of the irrigation system (m3/h);Ssurface area irrigated by the irrigation system (m²);Ddepth of water application applied (mm) during the irrigation period;ttime duration of the irrigation period (h).4.2.4 Average WAI for a solid set of stationary sprinklersEquation (6) applies to all types of fixed irrigation systems with full circle sprinkler patterns.Using the flow rate delivered by a single sprinkler, the expression (5) of (Ia) becomes:lsLLqIa´=1000(6)whereIaaverage water application intensity (mm/h);qflow rate of a single sprinkler (m3/h);Lsspacing between sprinklers (m);Llspacing between laterals (m).SIST EN 14049:2004
EN 14049:2003 (E)84.2.5 Average WAI for full circle sprinklers on moving systems4.2.5.1 GeneralA given point (where a collector may be placed), remains in the range of the moving sprinkler during a timeduration t depending on the wetted radius Wr
(i.e. radius of throw) of the sprinkler.Key1Movement2CollectorFigure 1 — Width wetted (2xWr) by a moving full circle sprinkler (i.e. wetted diameter)Equation (4) for calculating average water application intensity remains relevant.The time duration t will depend on the actual value of machine's speed. It can be very different from its theoreticalvalue. Consequently it has to be verified when measurement or calculation are performed. This verification can beeither direct (see clause 5) or indirect by calculation of the average speed from a complete plot coverage by themachine. Then the calculation of irrigation duration can be performed following equation 7.VWrt2=(7)wherettime duration of the irrigation at a collector under the machine(h);Wrwetted radius of the sprinkler (m);Vactual average speed of the moving sprinkler (m/h).4.2.5.2 Average WAI for translatory moving systemsUsing equation (2) T can be derived from measurement or calculation from the actual moving speed V of themachine (T = LT/V), and S from the length LT and width L of the plot (S = L x LT).
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