SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
(Main)Petroleum and natural gas industries - Cements and materials for well cementing - Part 1: Specification (ISO 10426-1:2009)
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Cements and materials for well cementing - Part 1: Specification (ISO 10426-1:2009)
This part of ISO 10426 specifies requirements and gives recommendations for six classes of well cements, including their chemical and physical requirements and procedures for physical testing. This part of ISO 10426 is applicable to well cement classes A, B, C and D, which are the products obtained by grinding Portland cement clinker and, if needed, calcium sulfate as an interground additive. Processing additives can be used in the manufacture of cement of these classes. Suitable set-modifying agents can be interground or blended during manufacture of class D cement. This part of ISO 10426 is also applicable to well cement classes G and H, which are the products obtained by grinding clinker with no additives other than one or more forms of calcium sulfate, water or chemical additives as required for chromium (VI) reduction.
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Zemente und Materialien für die Zementation von Tieflochbohrungen - Teil 1: Anforderungen (ISO 10426-1:2009)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Ciments et matériaux pour la cimentation des puits - Partie 1: Spécifications (ISO 10426-1:2009)
L'ISO 10426-1:2009 spécifie des exigences et donne des recommandations pour six classes de ciments pour puits. Elle comprend les exigences chimiques et physiques, ainsi que les modes opératoires d'essais physiques.
L'ISO 10426-1:2009 s'applique aux classes de ciments pour puits A, B, C et D, qui sont des produits obtenus par broyage d'un clinker de ciment Portland additionnés, si nécessaire, de sulfate de calcium. Des additions de traitement peuvent être utilisées dans la fabrication de ciment de ces classes. Des additifs adaptés à la modification de la prise peuvent être soit broyés, soit mélangés pour la fabrication de ciment de classe D.
L'ISO 10426-1:2009 s'applique également aux classes G et H, qui sont des produits obtenus en broyant un clinker de ciment sans aucune addition autre que celles de sulfate de calcium sous une ou plusieurs formes, d'eau ou d'additifs chimiques nécessaires à la réduction du chrome (VI).
Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Cementi in materiali za cementiranje vrtin - 1. del: Specifikacija (ISO 10426-1:2009)
Ta del ISO 10426 opredeljuje zahteve in podaja priporočila za šest razredov cementov za vrtine, vključno z njihovimi kemičnimi in fizikalnimi zahtevami in postopki za fizikalno preskušanje. Ta del ISO 10426 se uporablja za cemente za vrtine razredov A, B, C in D, ki so proizvodi, pridobljeni z mletjem portlandskega cementnega klinkerja in, po potrebi, kalcijevega sulfata kot dodatka. Dodatki se lahko uporabljajo v proizvodnji cementa teh razredov. Primerne reagente, ki vplivajo na celoto, je mogoče dodati ali vmešati med proizvodnjo cementa razreda D. Ta del ISO 10426 velja tudi za cemente za vrtine razredov G in H, ki so proizvodi, pridobljeni z mletjem klinkerja brez dodatkov, razen ene ali več oblik kalcijevega sulfata, vode ali kemičnih dodatkov, kot je potrebno za redukcijo kroma (VI).
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
01-februar-2010
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2007
Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Cementi in materiali za
cementiranje vrtin - 1. del: Specifikacija (ISO 10426-1:2009)
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Cements and materials for well cementing - Part
1: Specification (ISO 10426-1:2009)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Zemente und Materialien für die Zementation von
Tieflochbohrungen - Teil 1: Anforderungen (ISO 10426-1:2009)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Ciments et matériaux pour la cimentation des
puits - Partie 1: Spécifications (ISO 10426-1:2009)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10426-1:2009
ICS:
75.180.10 Oprema za raziskovanje in Exploratory and extraction
odkopavanje equipment
91.100.10 Cement. Mavec. Apno. Malta Cement. Gypsum. Lime.
Mortar
SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 10426-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2009
ICS 91.100.10; 75.020 Supersedes EN ISO 10426-1:2006
English Version
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Cements and materials
for well cementing - Part 1: Specification (ISO 10426-1:2009)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Ciments et Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Zemente und Materialien für
matériaux pour la cimentation des puits - Partie 1: die Zementation von Tieflochbohrungen - Teil 1:
Spécification (ISO 10426-1:2009) Anforderungen (ISO 10426-1:2009)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 December 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10426-1:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
EN ISO 10426-1:2009 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
EN ISO 10426-1:2009 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 10426-1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 "Materials,
equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries" in collaboration
with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum,
petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by June 2010.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 10426-1:2006.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 10426-1:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 10426-1:2009 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10426-1
Third edition
2009-12-15
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Cements and materials for well
cementing —
Part 1:
Specification
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Ciments et matériaux pour la
cimentation des puits —
Partie 1: Spécification
Reference number
ISO 10426-1:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
ISO 10426-1:2009(E)
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ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
ISO 10426-1:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Requirements.3
4.1 Specification, chemical and physical requirements.3
4.2 Sampling frequency, timing of tests, and equipment.7
5 Sampling procedure.8
6 Fineness tests.8
6.1 Procedure.8
6.2 Requirements.8
7 Preparation of slurry for free fluid, compressive strength and thickening time tests.8
7.1 Apparatus.8
7.2 Procedure.11
8 Free-fluid test (formerly free water) .11
8.1 Apparatus.11
8.2 Calibration.16
8.3 Procedure.17
8.4 Calculation of percent free fluid .17
8.5 Acceptance requirements.18
9 Compressive strength tests .18
9.1 Apparatus.18
9.2 Procedure.19
9.3 Test procedure (after ASTM C109/C109M).21
9.4 Compressive strength acceptance criteria.21
10 Thickening-time tests.22
10.1 Apparatus.22
10.2 Calibration.28
10.3 Procedure.31
10.4 Thickening time and consistency.33
10.5 Specification acceptance requirements.33
11 Marking.33
12 Packing.34
13 Bentonite .34
Annex A (informative) Calibration procedures for thermocouples, temperature measuring
systems, and controllers .35
Bibliography.38
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
ISO 10426-1:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10426-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures
for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids,
and well cements.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 10426-1:2005), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 10426 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Cements and materials for well cementing:
⎯ Part 1: Specification
⎯ Part 2:Testing of well cements
⎯ Part 3: Testing of deepwater well cement formulations
⎯ Part 4: Preparation and testing of foamed cement slurries at atmospheric pressure
⎯ Part 5: Determination of shrinkage and expansion of well cement formulations at atmospheric pressure
⎯ Part 6: Methods for determining the static gel strength of cement formulations
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
ISO 10426-1:2009(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 10426 is based on ISO 10426-1:2005 with the intent that the 24th edition of API Spec 10A will
be identical to this part of ISO 10426.
It is necessary that users of this part of ISO 10426 be aware that further or differing requirements can be
required for individual applications. This part of ISO 10426 is not intended to inhibit a vendor from offering, or
the purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application.
This can be particularly applicable where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is
offered, it is the responsibility of the vendor to identify any variations from this part of ISO 10426 and provide
details.
In this part of ISO 10426, where practical, US Customary (USC) or other units are included in brackets for
information. The units do not necessarily represent a direct conversion of SI to USC units, or USC to SI.
Consideration has been given to the precision of the instrument making the measurement. For example,
thermometers are typically marked in 1° increments, thus temperature values have been rounded to the
nearest degree.
In this part of ISO 10426, calibrating an instrument refers to assuring the accuracy of the measurement.
Accuracy is the degree of conformity of a measurement of a quantity to its actual or true value. Accuracy is
related to precision, or reproducibility, of a measurement. Precision is the degree to which further
measurements or calculations will show the same or similar results. Precision is characterized in terms of the
standard deviation of the measurement. The results of calculations or a measurement can be accurate, but
not precise, precise but not accurate, neither or both. A result is valid if it is both accurate and precise.
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10426-1:2009(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Cements and materials
for well cementing —
Part 1:
Specification
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10426 specifies requirements and gives recommendations for six classes of well cements,
including their chemical and physical requirements and procedures for physical testing.
This part of ISO 10426 is applicable to well cement classes A, B, C and D, which are the products obtained by
grinding Portland cement clinker and, if needed, calcium sulfate as an interground additive. Processing
additives can be used in the manufacture of cement of these classes. Suitable set-modifying agents can be
interground or blended during manufacture of class D cement.
This part of ISO 10426 is also applicable to well cement classes G and H, which are the products obtained by
grinding clinker with no additives other than one or more forms of calcium sulfate, water or chemical additives
as required for chromium (VI) reduction.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3310-1, Test sieves — Technical requirements and testing — Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth
ISO 13500, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling fluid materials — Specifications and tests
ISO 24450, Laboratory glassware — Wide-necked boiling flasks
ASTM C109/C109M, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars
(Using 2-in or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
ASTM C115, Standard Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by the Turbidimeter
ASTM C465, Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic
Cements
ASTM E1404-94(2008), Standard Specification for Laboratory Glass Conical Flasks
EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement — Part 1: Determination of strength
EN 196-2, Methods of testing cement — Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement
EN 196-6, Methods of testing cement — Part 6: Determination of fineness
EN 196-7, Methods of testing cement — Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
ISO 10426-1:2009(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
additive
material added to a cement slurry to modify or enhance some desired property
NOTE Properties that are commonly modified include setting time (by use of retarders or accelerators), fluid loss,
viscosity, etc.
3.2
atmospheric pressure consistometer
device used for stirring and conditioning the cement slurry
NOTE The device is not intended to measure thickening time.
3.3
Bearden unit of consistency
B
c
measure of the consistency of a cement slurry when determined on a pressurized consistometer
3.4
cement
Portland cement
ground clinker generally consisting of hydraulic calcium silicates and aluminates and usually containing one or
more forms of calcium sulfate as an interground additive
3.5
cement class
designation achieved under the ISO system for classification of well cement according to its intended use
3.6
cement grade
designation achieved under the ISO system for denoting the sulfate resistance of a particular cement
3.7
cement blend
mixture of dry cement and other dry materials
3.8
clinker
fused materials produced in the kiln during cement manufacturing that are interground with calcium sulfate to
make cement
3.9
compressive strength
force per unit area required to cause a set cement sample to fail under compression
3.10
consistometer
device used to measure the thickening time of a cement slurry under temperature and under pressure
3.11
filtrate
liquid that is forced out of a cement slurry during a fluid loss test
2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
ISO 10426-1:2009(E)
3.12
free fluid
coloured or colourless liquid that separates from a cement slurry under static conditions
3.13
slurry container
slurry cup
container in an atmospheric or pressurized consistometer used to hold the slurry for conditioning purposes or
for the thickening-time test
3.14
thickening time
time after which the consistency of a cement slurry has become so high that the slurry is considered
unpumpable
NOTE The results of a thickening-time test provide an indication of the length of time a cement slurry remains
pumpable under the test conditions.
4 Requirements
4.1 Specification, chemical and physical requirements
4.1.1 Classes and grades
4.1.1.1 General
Well cement shall be specified using classes A, B, C, D, G and H and the grades: ordinary (O), moderate
sulfate-resistant (MSR) and high sulfate-resistant (HSR).
A well cement that has been manufactured and supplied in accordance with this part of ISO 10426 may be
mixed and placed in the field using water ratios or additives at the user's discretion. It is not intended that
manufacturing compliance with this part of ISO 10426 be based on such field conditions.
Processing additives, set modifying agents or chemical additives used to reduce chromium (VI) shall not
prevent a well cement from performing its intended functions.
4.1.1.2 Class A
This product is obtained by grinding clinker, consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium silicates, usually
containing one or more forms of calcium sulfate as an interground additive. At the option of the manufacturer,
processing additives may be used in the manufacture of class A cement, provided that such materials in the
amounts used have been shown to meet the requirements of ASTM C465.
This product is intended for use when special properties are not required and is available only in O grade,
similar to ASTM C150, type I.
4.1.1.3 Class B
This product is obtained by grinding clinker, consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium silicates, usually
containing one or more forms of calcium sulfate as an interground additive. At the option of the manufacturer,
processing additives may be used in the manufacture of class B cement, provided that such materials in the
amounts used have been shown to meet the requirements of ASTM C465.
This product is intended for use when conditions require moderate or high sulfate resistance and is available
in both MSR and HSR grades, similar to ASTM C150, type II.
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 3
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
ISO 10426-1:2009(E)
4.1.1.4 Class C
This product is obtained by grinding clinker, consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium silicates, usually
containing one or more forms of calcium sulfate as an interground additive. At the option of the manufacturer,
processing additives may be used in the manufacture of class C cement, provided that such materials in the
amounts used have been shown to meet the requirements of ASTM C465.
This product is intended for use when conditions require high, early strength and is available in O, MSR and
HSR grades, similar to ASTM C150, type III.
4.1.1.5 Class D
This product is obtained by grinding clinker, consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium silicates, usually
containing one or more forms of calcium sulfate as an interground additive. At the option of the manufacturer,
processing additives may be used in the manufacture of class D cement, provided that such materials in the
amounts used have been shown to meet the requirements of ASTM C465. Further, at the option of the
manufacturer, suitable set-modifying agents may be interground or blended during manufacture.
This product is intended for use under conditions of moderately high temperatures and pressures and is
available in MSR and HSR grades.
4.1.1.6 Class G
This product is obtained by grinding clinker, consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium silicates, usually
containing one or more forms of calcium sulfate as an interground additive. No additives other than calcium
sulfate or water, or both, shall be interground or blended with the clinker during manufacture of class G well
cement.
This product is intended for use as a basic well cement and is available in MSR and HSR grades.
4.1.1.7 Class H
This product is obtained by grinding clinker, consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium silicates, usually
containing one or more forms of calcium sulfate as an interground additive. No additives other than calcium
sulfate or water, or both, shall be interground or blended with the clinker during manufacture of class H well
cement.
This product is intended for use as a basic well cement and is available in MSR and HSR grades.
4.1.2 Chemical requirements
Well cements shall conform to the respective chemical requirements of classes and grades referenced in
Table 1. It is not intended that this manufacturing compliance be applicable to field conditions. This part of
ISO 10426 is not applicable to the use of cements that do not conform to the chemical requirements of
classes and grades as set forth in Table 1.
Chemical analyses of hydraulic cements shall be carried out as specified in EN 196-2.
NOTE For the purposes of this provision, ASTM C114 is equivalent to EN 196-2.
4 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 10426-1:2010
ISO 10426-1:2009(E)
Table 1 — Chemical requirements
Cement class
A B C D G H
Ordinary grade (O)
a
Magnesium oxide (MgO), maximum, percent 6,0 NA 6,0 NA NA NA
b
Sulfur trioxide (SO ), maximum, percent 3,5 NA 4,5 NA NA NA
3
Loss on ignition, maximum, percent 3,0 NA 3,0 NA NA NA
Insoluble residue, maximum, percent 0,75 NA 0,75 NA NA NA
d c
Tricalcium aluminate (C A), maximum, percent NR NA 15 NA NA NA
3
Moderate sulfate-resistant grade (MSR)
Magnesium oxide (MgO), maximum, percent NA 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0
b
Sulfur trioxide (SO ), maximum, percent NA 3,0 3,5 3,0 3,0 3,0
3
Loss on ignition, maximum, percent NA 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0
Insoluble residue, maximum, percent NA 0,75 0,75 0,75 0,75 0,75
d
Tricalcium silicate (C S) maximum, percent NA NR NR NR 58 58
3
d
minimum, percent NA NR NR NR 48 48
d
Tricalcium aluminate (C A), maximum percent NA 8 8 8 8 8
3
Total alkali content, expressed as sodium oxide
NA NR NR NR 0,75 0,75
e
(Na O) equivalent, maximum, percent
2
High sulfate-resistant grade (HSR)
Magnesium oxide (MgO), maximum, percent NA 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0
b
Sulfur trioxide (SO ), maximum, percent NA 3,0 3,5 3,0 3,0 3,0
3
Loss on ignition, maximum, percent NA 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0
Insoluble residue, maximum, percent NA 0,75 0,75 0,75 0,75 0,75
d
Tricalcium silicate (C S) maximum, percent NA NR NR NR 65 65
3
d
minimum, percent NA NR NR NR 48 48
d
Tricalcium aluminate (C A), maximum, percent NA 3 3 3 3 3
3
Tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C AF) plus twice the
4
NA 24 24 24 24 24
d
tricalcium aluminate (C A), maximum, percent
3
Total alkali content expressed as sodium oxide (Na O)
2
NA NR NR NR 0,75 0,75
e
equivalent, maximum, percent
a
NA indicates “not applicable”.
b
When the tricalcium aluminate content (expressed as C A) of the cement is 8 % or less, the maximum SO content shall be 3 %, or
3 3
3,5 % for class C cement.
c
NR indicates “no requirement”.
d
The expressing of chemical limitations by means of calculated assumed compounds does not necessarily mean that the oxides are
actually or entirely present as such compounds. The compounds are calculated according to the ratio of the mass percentages of Al O
2 3
to Fe O , where w is the percentage mass fraction of the compound indicated in the subscript:
2 3
— When w /w is greater than 0,64, the compounds shall be calculated as follows:
Fe O
Al O
2 3 2 3
C A = 2,65w − 1,69w
3 O Fe O
Al
2 3 2 3
C S = 4,07w − 7,60w − 6,72w − 1,43w − 2,85w
3 SiO
CaO Al O Fe O SO
2 2 3 2 3 3
C AF = 3,04w
4
Fe O
2 3
— When w /w is 0,64 or less, the C A content is zero.
Al O Fe O 3
2 3 2 3
— The C S and C AF shall be calculated as follows:
3 4
C S = 4,07w − 7,60w − 4,48w − 2,86w − 2,85w
3
CaO SiO Al O Fe O SO
2 2 3 2 3 3
C AF = 3,04w
4 Fe O
2 3
e
The sodium oxide equivalent, expressed as Na O equivalent, shall be calculated by the formula:
2
Na O equivalent is equal to 0,658w + w .
2
K O Na O
2 2
© ISO 200
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