oSIST prEN 17860-3:2022
(Main)Carrier Cycles - Part 3: Lightweight multi track carrier cycles - Mechanical aspects
Carrier Cycles - Part 3: Lightweight multi track carrier cycles - Mechanical aspects
This standard specifies mechanical aspects of lightweight multi track carrier cycles.
Lastenfahrräder - Teil 3: Leichte mehrspurige Lastenfahrräder - Mechanische Aspekte
Cycles utilitaires - Partie 3 : Cycles utilitaires légers à 3 roues et plus - Aspects mécaniques
Tovorna kolesa - 3. Del: Lahka večsledna tovorna kolesa - Mehanski vidiki
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17860-3:2022
01-september-2022
Tovorna kolesa - 3. Del: Lahka večsledna tovorna kolesa - Mehanski vidiki
Carrier Cycles - Part 3: Lightweight multi track carrier cycles - Mechanical aspects
Lastenfahrräder - Teil 3: Leichte mehrspurige Lastenfahrräder - Mechanische Aspekte
Cycles utilitaires - Partie 3 : Cycles utilitaires légers à 3 roues et plus - Aspects
mécaniques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17860-3
ICS:
43.150 Kolesa Cycles
oSIST prEN 17860-3:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 17860-3:2022
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17860-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2022
ICS 43.150
English Version
Carrier Cycles - Part 3: Lightweight multi track carrier
cycles - Mechanical aspects
Cycles utilitaires - Partie 3 : Cycles utilitaires légers à 3 Lastenfahrräder - Teil 3: Leichte mehrspurige
roues et plus - Aspects mécaniques Lastenfahrräder - Mechanische Aspekte
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 333.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17860-3:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 17860-3:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Use cases: private and commercial/professional use . 7
5 Design of the surface . 7
6 Securing and strength of safety-relevant fasteners . 7
7 Position of the payload . 7
8 Pedal clearance . 7
9 Brakes . 8
10 Parking and stability . 21
11 Tipping stability of multi-track carrier cycles . 21
12 Steering . 26
13 Frame . 39
14 Front wheel fork . 50
15 Wheel and wheel/tyre unit — Dynamic test for carrier cycles . 57
16 Wheels and wheel/tyre assembly . 59
17 Rims, tyres and tubes . 63
18 Mudguards/wheel covers . 65
19 Pedals and pedal/crank drive system . 65
20 Drive chain and drive belt . 66
21 Guard for chain-wheel set and belt drive . 66
22 Saddles/seats and seat-posts. 66
23 Requirement for loading areas/load securing . 75
24 Lighting systems . 75
25 Warning device . 75
26 Rear-view mirror . 75
27 Safety belts for cyclists . 75
28 Vibrations, ergonomics and design of work equipment . 75
29 Overall vehicle test for Overall vehicle test for carrier cycles with a permanently
attached custom structure and for custom-built carrier cycles. 75
30 Marking . 77
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31 User instructions. 78
Annex A (Normative) Test of cycles professional/commercial use . 81
Annex B (informative) Label . 83
Annex C (informative) Calculation of the centre of gravity of cycles or carrier cycles . 84
Annex D (normative) Front fork mounting device . 93
Annex E (normative) Testing vehicles on a test bench. 94
Annex F (informative) Vehicle configurations . 101
Annex G (informative) Rationale - Carrier cycles - Justification for introducing two uses in
the standard: private / professional. . 103
Bibliography . Error! Bookmark not defined.
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European foreword
This document (prEN 17860-3:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 333 “Cycles”,
the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document is part of standard series consisting of the following parts:
Parts under drafting:
prEN 17860-1: Cycles -Carrier Cycles - Part 1: Terms and definitions
prEN 17860-2: Cycles -Carrier Cycles - Part 2: Lightweight single track carrier cycles – mechanical and
functional aspects
prEN 17860-3: Cycles -Carrier Cycles - Part 3: Lightweight multi track carrier cycles – mechanical and
functional aspects
Preliminary parts:
Part 4: Cycles -Carrier Cycles - Heavyweight multi track carrier cycles – mechanical and functional aspects
Part 5: Cycles -Carrier Cycles - Electrical aspects
Part 6: Cycles -Carrier Cycles - Passenger transport
Part 7: Cycles -Carrier Cycles - Trailers
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Introduction
This document gives requirements and test methods for mechanical and functional aspects for multi-
track carrier cycles.
This document has been developed in response to demand throughout Europe. Its aim is to provide a
standard for the assessment of mechanical aspects for single-track carrier cycles of a type which are
excluded from type approval by Regulation (EU) No. 168/2013.
Because of the diversity of geometries and solutions of carrier cycles not all requirements and test
methods in this document may apply to every carrier cycle.
Following the completion of a risk analysis, the focus is on mechanical aspects for single-track carrier
cycles. This document is a type C standard as specified in EN ISO 12100:2010. The machinery concerned
and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are indicated in the scope of
this document.
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1 Scope
This document applies to multi track carrier cycles with a maximum gross vehicle weight of 300 kg, with
or without electric assistance.
NOTE Electric assistance will be covered in a separate part of this standard series.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 17860-1, Cycles -Carrier Cycles - Part 1: Terms and definitions
prEN 17860-2, Cycles -Carrier Cycles - Part 2: Lightweight single track carrier cycles – Mechanical and
functional aspects
prEN ISO 4210-2:2021, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking,
young adult, mountain and racing bicycles (ISO/DIS 4210-2:2021)
prEN ISO 4210-3:2021, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 3: Common test methods (ISO/DIS
4210-3:2021)
prEN ISO 4210-4:2021, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 4: Braking test methods (ISO/DIS
4210-4:2021)
prEN ISO 4210-6:2021, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 6: Frame and fork test methods
(ISO/DIS 4210-6:2021)
prEN ISO 4210-8:2021, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 8: Pedal and drive system test
methods (ISO/DIS 4210-8:2021)
EN ISO 4210-2:2015, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking,
young adult, mountain and racing bicycles (ISO 4210-2:2015)
EN ISO 4210-3-:2014, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 3: Common test methods (ISO 4210-
3:2014)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN 1078:2012+A1:2012. Helmets for pedal cyclists and for users of skateboards and roller skates
EN ISO 898-1:2013, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 1: Bolts,
screws and studs with specified property classes - Coarse thread and fine pitch thread
ISO 14878:2015, Cycles - Audible warning devices - Technical specification and test methods
ISO 5775-1:2014, Bicycle tyres and rims - Part 1: Tyre designations and dimensions
ISO 5775-2:2021, Bicycle tyres and rims - Part 2: Rims
EN IEC/IEEE 82079-1:2020, Preparation of information for use (instructions for use) of products - Part 1:
Principles and general requirements
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN 17860-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Use cases: private and commercial/professional use
The requirements in this standard refer to carrier cycles for private use. In case the manufacturer defines
the carrier cycles to be intended for commercial/professional use higher test values for dynamic tests
apply. Annex A gives the higher test values for the relevant tests.
5 Design of the surface
prEN 17860-2:2022, 5.1 applies.
6 Securing and strength of safety-relevant fasteners
prEN 17860-2:2022, 5.2 applies.
7 Position of the payload
The position of the transported load or the seats shall be selected such that the carrier cycle can be ridden
and braked safely in each loading and operating situation, the rider is not hindered and vision is not
limited. A rear-view mirror shall be installed if vision to the rear is limited due to normal positioning of
the payload or the vehicles construction.
Uniform wheel load distribution and the lowest possible overall centre of gravity shall be strived for.
8 Pedal clearance
8.1 Ground clearance
If the bike is capable of tilting during use, the pedal at its lowest point/position and the tread surface of
the pedal parallel to the ground and uppermost where it has only one tread surface, carrier cycle shall be
capable of being leaned over at an angle of 25 ° from the vertical before any part of the pedal touches the
ground.
When the carrier cycle is equipped with a suspension system, this measurement shall be taken with the
suspension adjusted to the softest condition and with the carrier cycle depressed into a position such as
would be caused by a rider weighing 100 ±5 kg.
8.2 Toe clearance
Carrier cycles shall have at least C clearance between the pedal and front tyre or mudguard (when turned
to any position). The clearance shall be measured forward and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
carrier cycle from the centre of either pedal-axle to the arc swept by the tyre or mudguard, whichever
results in the least clearance (see Figure 1). The values are given in Table 1.
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Table 1 — The values of toe clearance
without foot retention 100 mm
Toe clearance C
with foot retention 89 mm
NOTE Foot retention system, e.g. quick-release pedal or toe-clip.
Key
C clearance
1 longitudinal axis
2 front tyre
3 mudguard
4 pedal
Figure 1 — Pedal to wheel/mudguard: toe clearance
9 Brakes
9.1 General
A carrier cycle shall be equipped with at least two independent brake systems that are actuated
independently of one another. The brake systems shall function without jamming.
Two test methods are specified for determining the braking effect, and experience shows that both
methods are suitable and that both can be applied. In the test method on a test track, the minimum
braking deceleration is measured directly, where the ascending characteristic curve is clearly visible. In
the alternative test method, the braking force is measured on a test device and these measurements are
used to calculate the value for the braking effect. The ascending characteristic curve of the brake is
determined through linearity measurements. A final, simple test drive is conducted to check that the cycle
stops uniformly and safely on a test track.
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The heat stability test shall always be conducted. This test on the test bench can be conducted with
thermally insulated brake components with reference to the acting axle load.
Requirements on the parking function are described in clause 10 (Parking).
The requirements in accordance with Table 2, and Table 3 shall be met irrespective of the test method.
NOTE See prEN ISO 4210-4:2021, 4.6.5.7, Point h), Test method — Simple check on the test track.
9.1.1 Brake-lever grip dimension
9.1.1.1 Requirements
The dimension, d, measured between the outer surfaces of the brake-lever in the region intended for
contact with the rider's fingers and the handlebar or any other covering present shall over a distance of
not less than 40 mm as shown in Figure 2 not exceed 90 mm.
Conformance shall be established by the method detailed in 9.1.1.2.
The range of adjustment on the brake-lever ought to permit these dimensions to be obtained.
Dimensions in mm
Key
a distance between the last part of the lever intended for contact with the rider’s fingers and the end of the lever
b Brake-lever grip dimensions
Figure 2 — Brake-lever grip dimensions
9.1.1.2 Test method for the brake-lever similar
Fit the gauge illustrated in Figure 3— over the handlebar-grip or the handlebar (when the manufacturer
does not fit a grip) and the brake-lever as shown in Figure 4— so that the face A is in contact with the
handlebar or grip and the side of the brake-lever. Ensure that the face B spans an area of that part of the
brake-lever which is intended for contact with the rider's fingers without the gauge causing any
movement of the brake-lever towards the handlebar or grip. Measure the distance a, the distance
between the last part of the lever intended for contact with the rider's fingers and the end of the lever.
The measurement ought to be conducted only on a fully-assembled bicycle.
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Dimensions in mm
Key
A face A
B face B
C rod
Figure 3 — Brake-lever grip dimensions gauge
Figure 4 — Method of fitting the gauge to the brake-lever and handlebar
(Minimum grip length is shown)
9.1.2 Attachment of brake assembly and cable requirements
Cable pinch-bolts shall not sever any of the cable strands when assembled to the manufacturer's
instructions. In the event of a cable failing, no part of the brake mechanism shall inadvertently inhibit the
rotation of the wheel.
The cable end shall either be protected with a cap that shall withstand a removal force of not less than 20
N or be otherwise treated to prevent unravelling.
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9.1.3 Brake-lever – Position of applied force
For the purposes of braking tests in this standard, for brake-levers similar to Type A, the test force shall
be applied at a distance, b, which is equal to either dimension a as determined in 9.1.1.2 or 25 mm from
the free end of the brake-lever, whichever is the greater (see Figure 5).
Key
F applied force
B = 25 mm or dimensions a, whichever is greater
Figure 5 — Position of applied force on the brake-lever type A
9.1.4 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies – Safety test
9.1.4.1 Requirements
The friction material shall be securely attached to the holder, backing-plate, or shoe and there shall be no
failure of the braking system or any component thereof when tested by the method specified in 9.1.4.2.
9.1.4.2 Test method
Conduct the test on a fully-assembled bicycle with the brakes adjusted to a correct position with a rider
or equivalent mass on the saddle. The test shall be performed with the carrier cycle loaded to the gross
vehicle weight as specified by the manufacturer.
Actuate each brake-lever with a force of 180 N applied at the point as specified in Figure 5 or a force
sufficient to bring the brake-lever into contact with the handlebar grip, whichever is the lesser. Maintain
this force while subjecting the bicycle to five forward and five rearward movements, each of which is not
less than 75 mm distance.
Then conduct the test described in 9.1.6 or 9.1.7 as appropriate depending on the style of brake.
9.1.5 Brake adjustment
Each brake shall be equipped with an adjustment mechanism either manual or automatic.
Each brake shall be capable of adjustment with or without the use of a tool to an efficient operating
position until the friction material has worn to the point of requiring replacement as recommended in
the manufacturer's instructions. Also, when correctly adjusted, the friction material shall not contact
anything other than the intended braking surface.
The brake blocks of a bicycle with rod brakes shall not come into contact with the rim of the wheels when
the steering angle of the handlebars is set at 60°, nor shall the rods be bent, or be twisted after the
handlebars are reset to the central position.
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9.1.6 Hand-operated braking-system – Strength test
9.1.6.1 Requirement
When tested by the method described in 9.1.6.2, there shall be no failure of the braking-system or of any
component thereof.
9.1.6.2 Test method
Conduct the test on a fully-assembled bicycle. After it has been ensured that the braking system is
adjusted according to the recommendations in the manufacturer's instructions, apply a force to the
brake-lever at the point as specified in Figure 5. This force shall be 450 N, or such lesser force as is
required to bring:
a) a brake-lever into contact with the handlebar grip or the handlebar where the manufacturer does
not fit a grip;
b) brake extension-lever level with the surface of the handlebar or in contact with the handlebar;
c) a secondary brake lever to the end of its travel. Repeat the test for a total of 10 times on each
brake-lever, secondary brake lever or extension lever.
9.1.7 Back-pedal braking system – Strength test
9.1.7.1 General
If a back-pedal braking system is fitted, the brake shall be actuated by the operator's foot applying force
to the pedal in a direction opposite to that of the drive force. The brake mechanism shall function
regardless of any drive-gear positions or adjustments. The differential between the drive and brake
positions of the crank shall not exceed 60°.
The measurement shall be taken with the crank held against each position with a pedal force of at least
250 N. The force shall be maintained for 1 min in each position.
9.1.7.2 Requirement
When tested in accordance with 9.1.7.3, there shall be no failure of the brake system or any component
thereof.
9.1.7.3 Test method
Conduct the test on a fully-assembled bicycle. After it has been ensured that the braking system is
correctly adjusted, and with the pedal cranks in a horizontal position, as shown in Figure 6, apply a
vertically-downward force to the centre of the left-hand pedal spindle. Increase the force progressively
to 1 500 N and maintain fully for 1 min.
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Key
1 chain
2 hub sprocket
3 left crank
4 cycle chain-wheel and pedal crank
5 point of force application
6 pedal
Figure 6 — Back-pedal brake test
9.2 Requirements of the test method on a test track
The general requirements in accordance with 9.1 apply.
The requirements in accordance with a), b) and c) shall be met.
a) When testing on a test track, the carrier cycle shall meet the requirements listed in Table 2 in both
fully laden condition as specified by the manufacturer and in unladen condition. As the maximum
braking decelerations do not necessarily have to be achieved with the front wheel brake due to the
axle load distribution of carrier cycles, which is dependent on the design and the loading condition,
the respectively higher minimum braking decelerations shall apply to the axle that results in the
better braking effect.
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prEN 17860-3:2022 (E)
In order not to exceed the permissible total weight of the transportation and carrier cycle, the unladen
weight of the transportation and carrier cycle and the rider weight of 100 kg shall be deducted from the
permissible total weight in order to determine the payload in the test.
If there are several loading areas, the payload determined in this way shall be distributed proportionally
according to the maximum individual loads specified by the manufacturer.
Table 2 — Minimum values for the braking deceleration for individual axles on carrier cycles
Minimum braking
deceleration
Cycle type Conditions Velocity Axle concerned
a
min
2
one axle
3,4 m/s
dry 25 km/h
2
each further axle 2,2 m/s
Carrier cycle
2
one axle
2,2 m/s
wet 16 km/h
2
each further axle 1,4 m/s
b) NOTE: the velocity given in the table is the design speed. When design speed is less than 25 km/h,
shall minimum breaking deceleration meet the maximum design speed and for wet condition 65 %
of the maximum design speed.
c) The carrier cycle shall exhibit uniform, safe braking behaviour, taking into account its intended use
and the rider’s skills. When testing on the test track, the characteristics of uniform, safe braking
means that the following shall not occur when stopping within the required, specified braking
performance:
1) increased juddering;
2) locking-up of the front wheel;
3) loss of control over the cycle due to excessive skidding which causes the rider to place his/her
foot on the ground in order to regain control or departure from the track by more than 5 % of
the braking distance length with a multi-track carrier cycle. Active counter-steering is not
permissible in this case. If the multi-carrier cycle at any time during brake tests pulls sideways,
then the brake system has failed, and the test must be interrupted
With some brake systems, it will not be possible to completely prevent a wheel from skidding during
braking; this is regarded as permissible as long as the situation described in 3) does not occur.
When bedding-in the brakes in accordance with 9.4.1.1, make sure that left and right side generate equal,
balanced braking force. If this is not the case, adjust the brake according to the manufacturer's
instructions and 9.1.5 (Brake adjustment) and repeat the brake application. Continued braking imbalance
fails the test.
Coaster brakes shall additionally pass the linearity test in accordance with prEN ISO 4210-4:2021, 4.6.4.
d) The following applies to carrier cycles: to ensure safety when braking in both wet and dry conditions,
the wet: dry braking effect ratio shall be greater than 4 : 10.
The methods for calculating this ratio are provided in prEN ISO 4210-4:2021, 4.6.3.11, Point c) for
the test track.
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9.3 Requirements of the test method on a test bench
The general requirements in accordance with 9.1 apply.
The following requirements in accordance with a) and b) shall be met.
a) Minimum braking force requirement
During the test, the carrier cycle shall meet the requirements listed in Table 4. The minimum braking
decelerations from 9.2, Table 2 shall be used to calculate the minimum braking force. With multi-track
carrier cycles, the minimum braking deceleration requirements apply to the entire axle.
Table 3 — Requirements of the minimum braking force of a carrier cycle
Cycle type Conditions Axle concerned Minimum braking force value
F
Br
2
one axle
...
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