SIST EN ISO 18754:2022

Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of density and apparent porosity (ISO 18754:2020)

This document specifies methods for the determination of the apparent solid density, bulk density, apparent porosity and geometric bulk density of fine ceramics, including all ceramic matrix composites.
Two methods are described and are designated as Methods A and B, as follows:
— Method A: Determination of bulk density, apparent solid density and apparent porosity by liquid displacement (Archimedes' method).
NOTE 1 This method is not appropriate for the determination of an apparent porosity greater than 10 %. For materials with higher porosity, the accuracy of the measurement might not be satisfactory. This method might also not give a satisfactory open porosity result if it is less than 0,5 %.
NOTE 2 This method is also not suitable for materials which are known to have an average pore size of greater than 600 µm.
— Method B: Determination of bulk density only, by measurement of geometric dimensions and mass.

Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung der Dichte und der scheinbaren Porosität (ISO 18754:2020)

Dieses Dokument legt Verfahren zur Bestimmung der scheinbaren Feststoffdichte, der Rohdichte, der scheinbaren Porosität und der geometrischen Rohdichte von Feinkeramik, einschließlich aller Keramik-Matrix-Verbundstoffe, fest.
Es werden zwei Verfahren beschrieben, die im Folgenden als Verfahren A und B bezeichnet werden:
—   Verfahren A: Bestimmung der Rohdichte, der scheinbaren Feststoffdichte und der scheinbaren Porosität durch Flüssigkeitsverdrängung (Archimedes-Verfahren).
ANMERKUNG 1   Dieses Verfahren ist nicht zur Bestimmung einer scheinbaren Porosität von mehr als 10 % geeignet. Bei Werkstoffen mit höherer Porosität ist die Genauigkeit der Messung möglicherweise nicht zufriedenstellend. Dieses Verfahren liefert möglicherweise auch kein zufriedenstellendes Ergebnis für die offene Porosität, wenn diese weniger als 0,5 % beträgt.
ANMERKUNG 2   Dieses Verfahren ist auch nicht für Werkstoffe geeignet, die bekanntermaßen eine mittlere Porengröße von mehr als 600 μm haben.
—   Verfahren B: Bestimmung nur der Rohdichte durch Bestimmung der geometrischen Maße und der Masse.

Céramiques techniques - Détermination de la masse volumique et de la porosité apparente (ISO 18754:2020)

Le présent document spécifie des méthodes de détermination de la masse volumique solide apparente, de la masse volumique réelle, de la porosité apparente et de la masse volumique géométrique des céramiques techniques, y compris tous les composites à matrice céramique.
Le présent document présente deux méthodes, désignées «Méthode A» et «Méthode B», comme suit:
—          Méthode A: Détermination de la masse volumique réelle, de la masse volumique solide apparente et de la porosité apparente par déplacement de liquide (méthode d'Archimède).
NOTE 1    Cette méthode n'est pas appropriée pour la détermination d'une porosité apparente supérieure à 10 %. Pour les matériaux présentant une porosité supérieure à cette valeur, l'exactitude de la mesure pourrait ne pas être garantie. Il est également possible que cette méthode ne donne pas un résultat satisfaisant lors de la mesure de la porosité ouverte lorsqu'elle est inférieure à 0,5 %.
NOTE 2    Cette méthode n'est pas non plus applicable à des matériaux connus pour avoir des pores de taille moyenne supérieure à 600 µm.
—          Méthode B: Détermination de la masse volumique réelle uniquement, par mesurage des dimensions géométriques et de la masse.

Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Določanje gostote in navidezne poroznosti (ISO 18754:2020)

Ta dokument navaja metode za določanje navidezne trdne gostote, masne gostote, navidezne poroznosti in geometrijske masne gostote fine keramike, vključno z vsemi keramičnimi matričnimi kompoziti.
Opisani sta metodi, ki sta označeni kot metodi A in B:
– Metoda A: Določanje masne gostote, navidezne gostote trdne snovi in navidezne poroznosti z izpodrivanjem tekočine (Arhimedova metoda).
OPOMBA 1: Ta metoda ni primerna za določanje navidezne poroznosti, večje od 10 %. Za materiale z večjo poroznostjo natančnost meritve morda ne bo zadovoljiva. Ta metoda morda ne bo dala zadovoljivega rezultata odprte poroznosti, če je ta manjša od 0,5 %.
OPOMBA 2: Ta metoda tudi ni primerna za materiale, za katere je znano, da imajo povprečno velikost por večjo od 600 µm.
– Metoda B: Določanje samo masne gostote z merjenjem geometrijskih dimenzij in mase.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 31-Jan-2022
• Publication Date: 03-May-2022
• ICS: 81.060.30 - Advanced ceramics
• Technical Committee: I13 - Imaginarni 13
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 28-Apr-2022
• Due Date: 03-Jul-2022
• Completion Date: 04-May-2022
• Ref Project: EN ISO 18754:2022 - Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of density and apparent porosity (ISO 18754:2020)

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN 623-2:2000 - Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - General and textural properties - Part 2: Determination of density and porosity
• Effective Date: 27-Apr-2022
• Replaces: SIST EN 1389:2004 - Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Physical properties - Determination of density and apparent porosity
• Effective Date: 27-Apr-2022
• Replaces: SIST EN 623-2:2000 - Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - General and textural properties - Part 2: Determination of density and porosity
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Replaces: SIST EN 1389:2004 - Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Physical properties - Determination of density and apparent porosity
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 18754:2022
01-junij-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1389:2004
SIST EN 623-2:2000
Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Določanje
gostote in navidezne poroznosti (ISO 18754:2020)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of
density and apparent porosity (ISO 18754:2020)
Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung der Dichte und der scheinbaren Porosität (ISO
18754:2020)
Céramiques techniques - Détermination de la masse volumique et de la porosité
apparente (ISO 18754:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18754:2022
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
SIST EN ISO 18754:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 18754:2022

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SIST EN ISO 18754:2022


EN ISO 18754
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

April 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes EN 1389:2003, EN 623-2:1993
English Version

Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) - Determination of density and apparent
porosity (ISO 18754:2020)
Céramiques techniques - Détermination de la masse Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung der Dichte und
volumique et de la porosité apparente (ISO der scheinbaren Porosität (ISO 18754:2020)
18754:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 March 2022.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18754:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 18754:2022
EN ISO 18754:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3

2

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SIST EN ISO 18754:2022
EN ISO 18754:2022 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 18754:2020 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206 "Fine ceramics” of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 18754:2022
by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” the secretariat of which is held by
DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 1389:2003 and EN 623-2:1993.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18754:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18754:2022 without any modification.

3

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SIST EN ISO 18754:2022

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SIST EN ISO 18754:2022
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18754
Third edition
2020-04
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Determination of density and
apparent porosity
Céramiques techniques — Détermination de la masse volumique et de
la porosité apparente
Reference number
ISO 18754:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020

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SIST EN ISO 18754:2022
ISO 18754:2020(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 18754:2022
ISO 18754:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Method by liquid displacement (Method A) . 2
4.1 Principle . 2
4.2 Apparatus . 2
4.3 Test pieces . 3
4.3.1 General requirements . 3
4.3.2 Specific requirements for ceramic matrix composites . 3
4.4 Procedure . 4
4.4.1 Determination of the mass of the dried test piece . 4
4.4.2 Impregnation of the test piece with the immersion liquid . 4
4.4.3 Determination of the apparent mass of the test piece . 4
4.4.4 Determination of the mass of the soaked test piece . 5
4.4.5 Determination of the density of the immersion liquid . 5
4.5 Accuracy of mass measurement . . 5
4.6 Expression of results . 5
4.6.1 Apparent solid density . . 5
4.6.2 Bulk density . 6
4.6.3 Apparent porosity . 6
5 Method by measurement of dimensions and mass (Method B) .6
5.1 Principle . 6
5.2 Apparatus . 6
5.3 Test pieces . 7
5.3.1 General requirements . 7
5.3.2 Specific requirements for ceramic matrix composites . 7
5.4 Procedure . 8
5.4.1 Determination of the mass of the dried test pieces . 8
5.4.2 Determination of the dimensions of the dried test pieces . 8
5.5 Expression of results . 8
6 Test report . 8
Bibliography .10
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 18754:2022
ISO 18754:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 18754:2013), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— clarification of the different methods covered by the document;
— extension of the applicability field of the method to ceramic matrix composites (including the fibre
reinforced matrix);
— incorporation of specific requirements in terms of geometry and sizes of the test specimens in
this case.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 18754:2022
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18754:2020(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Determination of density and apparent
porosity
1 Scope
This document specifies methods for the determination of the apparent solid density, bulk density,
apparent porosity and geometric bulk density of fine ceramics, including all ceramic matrix composites.
Two methods are described and are designated as Methods A and B, as follows:
— Method A: Determination of bulk density, apparent solid density and apparent porosity by liquid
displacement (Archimedes' method).
NOTE 1 This method is not appropriate for the determination of an apparent porosity greater than 10 %. For
materials with higher porosity, the accuracy of the measurement might not be satisfactory. This method might
also not give a satisfactory open porosity result if it is less than 0,5 %.
NOTE 2 This method is also not suitable for materials which are known to have an average pore size of greater
than 600 µm.
— Method B: Determination of bulk density only, by measurement of geometric dimensions and mass.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 386, Liquid-in-glass laboratory thermometers — Principles of design, construction and use
ISO 758, Liquid chemical products for industrial use — Determination of density at 20 ° C
ISO 13385-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment — Part 1:
Design and metrological characteristics of callipers
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
open pore
pore that is penetrated by an immersion liquid, or that is connected to the atmosphere, either directly
or via one another
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1

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SIST EN ISO 18754:2022
ISO 18754:2020(E)

3.2
closed pore
pore that is not penetrated by the immersion liquid, or that is not connected to the atmosphere
3.3
bulk volume
V
b
sum of the respective volumes of the solid material, the open pores (3.1) and the closed pores (3.2) in a
porous body
3.4
apparent solid volume
V
a
sum of the respective volumes of the solid material and the closed pores (3.2) in a porous body
3.5
bulk density
ρ
b
ratio of the mass of the dry material of a porous body to its bulk volume (3.3)
3.6
apparent solid density
ρ
a
ratio of the mass of the dry material of a porous body to its apparent solid volume (3.4)
3.7
apparent porosity
π
a
ratio of the total volume of the open pores (3.1) in a porous body to its bulk volume (3.3)
3.8
theoretical density
density of pore-free material
3.9
geometric bulk density
bulk density (3.5) of a
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 18754:2022
01-januar-2022
Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Določanje
gostote in navidezne poroznosti (ISO 18754:2020)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of
density and apparent porosity (ISO 18754:2020)
Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung der Dichte und der scheinbaren Porosität (ISO
18754:2020)
Céramiques techniques - Détermination de la masse volumique et de la porosité
apparente (ISO 18754:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 18754
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
oSIST prEN ISO 18754:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 18754:2022

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 18754:2022
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18754
Third edition
2020-04
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Determination of density and
apparent porosity
Céramiques techniques — Détermination de la masse volumique et de
la porosité apparente
Reference number
ISO 18754:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 18754:2022
ISO 18754:2020(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 18754:2022
ISO 18754:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Method by liquid displacement (Method A) . 2
4.1 Principle . 2
4.2 Apparatus . 2
4.3 Test pieces . 3
4.3.1 General requirements . 3
4.3.2 Specific requirements for ceramic matrix composites . 3
4.4 Procedure . 4
4.4.1 Determination of the mass of the dried test piece . 4
4.4.2 Impregnation of the test piece with the immersion liquid . 4
4.4.3 Determination of the apparent mass of the test piece . 4
4.4.4 Determination of the mass of the soaked test piece . 5
4.4.5 Determination of the density of the immersion liquid . 5
4.5 Accuracy of mass measurement . . 5
4.6 Expression of results . 5
4.6.1 Apparent solid density . . 5
4.6.2 Bulk density . 6
4.6.3 Apparent porosity . 6
5 Method by measurement of dimensions and mass (Method B) .6
5.1 Principle . 6
5.2 Apparatus . 6
5.3 Test pieces . 7
5.3.1 General requirements . 7
5.3.2 Specific requirements for ceramic matrix composites . 7
5.4 Procedure . 8
5.4.1 Determination of the mass of the dried test pieces . 8
5.4.2 Determination of the dimensions of the dried test pieces . 8
5.5 Expression of results . 8
6 Test report . 8
Bibliography .10
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii

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oSIST prEN ISO 18754:2022
ISO 18754:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 18754:2013), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— clarification of the different methods covered by the document;
— extension of the applicability field of the method to ceramic matrix composites (including the fibre
reinforced matrix);
— incorporation of specific requirements in terms of geometry and sizes of the test specimens in
this case.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 18754:2022
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18754:2020(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Determination of density and apparent
porosity
1 Scope
This document specifies methods for the determination of the apparent solid density, bulk density,
apparent porosity and geometric bulk density of fine ceramics, including all ceramic matrix composites.
Two methods are described and are designated as Methods A and B, as follows:
— Method A: Determination of bulk density, apparent solid density and apparent porosity by liquid
displacement (Archimedes' method).
NOTE 1 This method is not appropriate for the determination of an apparent porosity greater than 10 %. For
materials with higher porosity, the accuracy of the measurement might not be satisfactory. This method might
also not give a satisfactory open porosity result if it is less than 0,5 %.
NOTE 2 This method is also not suitable for materials which are known to have an average pore size of greater
than 600 µm.
— Method B: Determination of bulk density only, by measurement of geometric dimensions and mass.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 386, Liquid-in-glass laboratory thermometers — Principles of design, construction and use
ISO 758, Liquid chemical products for industrial use — Determination of density at 20 ° C
ISO 13385-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment — Part 1:
Design and metrological characteristics of callipers
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
open pore
pore that is penetrated by an immersion liquid, or that is connected to the atmosphere, either directly
or via one another
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1

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oSIST prEN ISO 18754:2022
ISO 18754:2020(E)

3.2
closed pore
pore that is not penetrated by the immersion liquid, or that is not connected to the atmosphere
3.3
bulk volume
V
b
sum of the respective volumes of the solid material, the open pores (3.1) and the closed pores (3.2) in a
porous body
3.4
apparent solid volume
V
a
sum of the respective volumes of the solid material and the closed pores (3.2) in a porous body
3.5
bulk density
ρ
b
ratio of the mass of the dry material of a porous body to its bulk volume (3.3)
3.6
apparent solid density
ρ
a
ratio of the mass of the dry material of a porous body to its apparent solid volume (3.4)
3.7
apparent porosity
π
a
ratio of the total volume of the open pores (3.1) in a porous body to its bulk volume (3.3)
3.8
theoretical density
density of pore-free material
3.9
geometric bulk density
bulk density (3.5) of a porous body, the bulk volume (3.3) of which being calculated from linear
dimensions
4 Method by liquid displacement (Method A)
4.1 Principle
The mass of the dry test piece, then its apparent mass when immersed in a liquid with which it has been
impregnated, and finally its mass in air while still soaked with the impregnation liquid are determined
by weighing. From the masses above, the bulk density, the apparent solid density and the apparent
porosity are determined by calculation.
Impregnation of the test piece can be achieved either by maintaining it in a liquid under boiling
conditions (Method A1) or under vacuum (Method A2).
4.2 Apparatus
4.2.1 Drying oven, capable of being controlled at (110 ± 5) °C.
4.2.2 Balance, accurate to 0,1 mg for a test piece under 10 g and 0,001 % of the mass of a test specimen
for a specimen over 10 g.
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 18754:2022
ISO 18754:2020(E)

4.2.3 Thermometer, in accordance with ISO 386, with an accuracy of ±1 °C.
4.2.4 Immersion liquid, distilled water or de-ionized water may be used for materials that do not
react with water. For materials that are sensitive to contact with water or that cannot be fully wetted by
water, a suitable organic liquid shall be used.
4.2.5 Basket, capable of supporting the test piece(s) in liquid in order to take suspended mass
measurements (optional).
4.2.6 Suspending wire, of diameter not more than 0,25 mm. The wire should be cleaned and de-
greased.
Whenever test pieces of small mass are used, a suspending wire of smaller diameter (e.g. 0,15 mm)
or the addition to the immersion liquid of a dilute solution (e.g. not more than 0,01 %) of a suitable
surfactant is recommended, because the error caused by the surface tension of the liquid on the wire
cannot be neglected.
4.2.7 Evacuating equipment (Method A2), capable of reducing the pressure to a value not greater
than 2,5 kPa, and with a means of measuring the pressure used.
4.2.8 Heating apparatus (Method A1), enabling the heating of the immersion liquid to its
...