SIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
(Main)Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 4: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation between rooms (ISO 140-4:1998)
Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 4: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation between rooms (ISO 140-4:1998)
Migrated from Progress Sheet (TC Comment) (2000-07-10): EN ISO 140-1 and -3 to -8 are a package and have as DOW 1997-06-30 (BTS1 17/94) ++ DOW for EN ISO 140-1, -3 to -8 will be 1998-12-31 (2nd ext. - BTS1 C 16/1997) ++ SPP update 1997-12-11
Akustik - Messung der Schalldämmung in Gebäuden und von Bauteilen - Teil 4: Messung der Luftschalldämmung zwischen Räumen in Gebäuden (ISO 140-4:1998)
Dieser Teil von ISO 140 legt Verfahren zur Messung der Luftschalldämmung von Innenwänden, Decken und Türen zwischen zwei Räumen in Gebäuden fest, wobei diffuse Schallfelder in beiden Räumen vorausgesetzt werden. Die Verfahren dienen auch zur Ermittlung des Schallschutzes, der Bewohnern von Gebäuden zuteil wird. Die mit diesen Verfahren ermittelten Werte für die Luftschalldämmung sind frequenzabhängig. Sie können unter Anwendung von ISO 717-1 in eine Einzahlangabe umgewandelt werden, die die akustische Leistungsfähigkeit charakterisiert.
Acoustique - Mesurage de l'isolation acoustique des immeubles et des éléments de construction - Partie 4: Mesurage in situ de l'isolement aux bruits aériens entre les pieces (ISO 140-4:1998)
Akustika - Merjenje zvočne izolirnosti v stavbah in zvočne izolirnosti stavbnih elementov - 4. del: Terenska merjenja izolirnosti med prostori pred zvokom v zraku (ISO 140-4:1998)
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Akustik - Messung der Schalldämmung in Gebäuden und von Bauteilen - Teil 4: Messung der Luftschalldämmung zwischen Räumen in Gebäuden (ISO 140-4:1998)Acoustique - Mesurage de l'isolation acoustique des immeubles et des éléments de construction - Partie 4: Mesurage in situ de l'isolement aux bruits aériens entre les pieces (ISO 140-4:1998)Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 4: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation between rooms (ISO 140-4:1998)91.120.20L]RODFLMDAcoustics in building. Sound insulation17.140.01Acoustic measurements and noise abatement in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN ISO 140-4:1998SIST EN ISO 140-4:1999en01-november-1999SIST EN ISO 140-4:1999SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
SIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
SIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
SIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
SIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
AReference numberISO 140-4:1998(E)INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO140-4Second edition1998-08-15Acoustics — Measurement of soundinsulation in buildings and of buildingelements —Part 4:Field measurements of airborne soundinsulation between roomsAcoustique — Mesurage de l’isolation acoustique des immeubles et deséléments de construction —Partie 4: Mesurage in situ de l’isolement aux bruits aériens entre les piècesSIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
ISO 140-4:1998(E)©
ISO 1998All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproducedor utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying andmicrofilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.International Organization for StandardizationCase postale 56 · CH-1211 Genève 20 · SwitzerlandInternetiso@iso.chPrinted in SwitzerlandiiForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwidefederation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work ofpreparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for whicha technical committee has been established has the right to be representedon that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISOcollaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees arecirculated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an InternationalStandard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies castinga vote.International Standard ISO 140-4 was prepared by Technical CommitteeISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 2, Building acoustics.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 140-4:1978)which has been technically revised.ISO 140 consists of the following parts, under the general title Acoustics —Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements:—Part 1: Requirements of laboratory test facilities with suppressedflanking transmission—Part 2: Determination, verification and application of precision data—Part 3: Laboratory measurement of airborne sound insulation ofbuilding elements—Part 4: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation betweenrooms—Part 5: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation of façadeelements and façades—Part 6: Laboratory measurements of impact sound insulation of floorsSIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
© ISOISO 140-4:1998(E)iii—Part 7: Field measurements of impact sound insulation of floors—Part 8: Laboratory measurements of the reduction of transmittedimpact noise by floor coverings on a heavyweight standard floor—Part 9: Laboratory measurement of room-to-room airborne soundinsulation of a suspended ceiling with a plenum above it—Part 10: Laboratory measurement of airborne sound insulation ofsmall building elementsAnnexes A and B form an integral part of this part of ISO 140. Annexes Cto F are for information only.SIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
SIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
© ISOISO 140-4:1998(E)1Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and ofbuilding elements —Part 4:Field measurements of airborne sound insulation between rooms1 ScopeThis part of ISO 140 specifies field methods for measuring the airborne sound insulation properties of interior walls,floors and doors between two rooms under diffuse sound field conditions in both rooms, and for determining theprotection afforded to the occupants of the building.The methods give values for airborne sound insulation which are frequency dependent. They can be converted intoa single number, characterizing the acoustic performance, by application of ISO 717-1.The results obtained can be used to compare sound insulation between rooms and to compare actual soundinsulation with specified requirements.NOTE 1
Laboratory measurements of airborne sound insulation of building elements are dealt with in ISO 140-3.NOTE 2
Field measurements of airborne sound insulation of façade elements and façades are dealt with in ISO 140-5.2 Normative referencesThe following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part ofISO 140. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, andparties to agreements based on this part of ISO 140 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying themost recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently validInternational Standards.ISO 140-2:1991, Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 2:Determination, verification and application of precision data.ISO 140-3:1995, Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 3:Laboratory measurements of airborne sound insulation of building elements.ISO 354:1985, Acoustics — Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room.ISO 717-1:1996, Acoustics — Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 1: Airbornesound insulation.IEC 60651:1979, Sound level meters.IEC 60804:1985, Integrating-averaging sound level meters.SIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
ISO 140-4:1998(E)© ISO2IEC 60942: 1988, Sound calibrators.IEC 61260:1995, Electroacoustics — Octave band filters and fractional-octave band filters.3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this part of ISO 140, the definitions given in ISO 140-3 and following definitions apply.3.1
average sound pressure level in a room, L: Ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the spaceand time average of the sound pressure squared to the square of the reference sound pressure, the space averagebeing taken over the entire room with the exception of those parts where the direct radiation of a sound source orthe near field of the boundaries (wall, etc.) is of significant influence; it is expressed in decibels.In practice, usually the sound pressure levels Lj are measured. In this case L is determined byLnLjnj=æèççöø÷÷=å10110101lgdB. . . (1)where Lj are the sound pressure levels L1 to Ln at n different positions in the room.3.2
level difference, D: Difference, in decibels, in the space and time average sound pressure levels produced intwo rooms by one or more sound sources in one of them:DLL=-12. . . (2)whereL1is the average sound pressure level in the source room;L2is the average sound pressure level in the receiving room.3.3
normalized level difference, Dn: Level difference, in decibels, corresponding to the reference absorption areain the receiving room:DDAAnlgdB=-100. . . (3)whereDis the level difference, in decibels;Ais the equivalent sound absorption area of the receiving room, in square metres;A0is the reference absorption area, in square metres (for rooms in dwellings or rooms of comparable size:A0 = 10 m2).3.4
standardized level difference, DnT: Level difference, in decibels, corresponding to a reference value of thereverberation time in the receiving room:DDTTTnlgdB=+100. . . (4)whereDis the level difference;SIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
© ISOISO 140-4:1998(E)3Tis the reverberation time in the receiving room;T0is the reference reverberation time; for dwellings, T0 = 0,5 s.NOTE 1
The standardizing of the level difference to a reverberation time of 0,5 s takes into account that in dwellings withfurniture the reverberation time has been found to be reasonably independent of the volume and of frequency and to beapproximately equal to 0,5 s. With this standardizing, DnT is dependent on the direction of the sound transmission if the tworooms have different volumes.NOTE 2
The standardizing of the level difference to the reverberation time in the receiving room of T0 = 0,5 s is equivalent tostandardizing the level difference with respect to a reference absorption area ofA0 = 0,32 VwhereA0is the reference absorption area, in square metres;Vis the volume of the receiving room, in cubic metres.3.5
apparent sound reduction index R¢: Ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the sound powerW1 which is incident on a partition under test to the total sound power transmitted into the receiving room if, inaddition to the sound power W2 transmitted through the separating element, the sound power W3, transmittedthrough flanking elements or by other components, is significant; it is expressed in decibels:RWWW'=+10123lgdB. . . (5)NOTE 1
Explanations of W3 are given in annex C.NOTE 2
The expression "apparent sound transmission loss" is also in use in English-speaking countries. It is equivalent to"apparent sound reduction index".NOTE 3
In general, the sound power transmitted into the receiving room consists of the sum of several components. Also inthis case, under the assumption that there are sufficiently diffuse sound fields in the two rooms, the apparent sound reductionindex in this part of ISO 140 is evaluated fromRDSA'=+10lgdB. . . (6)whereDis the level difference;Sis the area of the separating element;Ais the equivalent sound absorption area in the receiving room.In the case of determination of the sound reduction of a door, S is the area of the free opening in which the door including theframe is mounted. It has to be proved that the sound transmission through the rest of the surrounding wall is negligible.In the case of staggered or stepped rooms, S is that part of the area of the partition common to both rooms. If the common areais less than 10 m2, indicate this in the test report. S is then calculated by max.(S, V/7,5), where V is the volume, in cubic metres,of the receiving room (which is the smaller room in this case).In the case that no common area exists, the normalized level difference Dn is determined.NOTE 4
In general, comparison between results from field measurements and those from laboratory measurements shouldonly be done where the common area S is approximately 10 m2.NOTE 5
In the apparent sound reduction index, the sound power transmitted into the receiving room is related to the soundpower which is incident on the common partition irrespective of actual conditions of transmission. The apparent soundreduction index is independent of the measuring direction between the rooms if the sound fields are diffuse in both rooms.SIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
ISO 140-4:1998(E)© ISO44 EquipmentThe equipment shall comply with the requirements of clause 6.The accuracy of the sound level measurement equipment shall comply with the requirements of accuracy class 0 or1 defined in IEC 60651 and IEC 60804. If not otherwise stated by the equipment manufacturer, the completemeasuring system including the microphone shall be adjusted before each measurement using a sound calibratorwhich complies with the requirements of accuracy class 1 defined in IEC 60942. For sound level meters calibratedfor measurements in sound fields of progressive plane waves, corrections for the diffuse sound field shall beapplied.The filters shall comply with the requirements defined in IEC 61260.The reverberation time measurement equipment shall comply with the requirements defined in ISO 354.Requirements for the sound source are given in 6.2 and annex A.NOTE
For pattern evaluation (type testing) and regular verification tests, recommended procedures for sound level meters aregiven in OIML R58[3] and OIML R88[4].5 Test arrangementMeasurements between empty rooms with identical shape and equal dimensions should preferably be made withdiffusers in each room (e.g. pieces of furniture, building boards). The area of a diffuser should be at least 1,0 m2;three or four objects will be normally sufficient.NOTE
Guidelines (e.g. in the form of a technical report) for performing measurements in special measurement situations areunder consideration.6 Test procedure and evaluation6.1 GeneralThe field measurements of airborne sound insulation shall be made in one-third-octave bands unless octave bandmeasurements have been agreed upon. The procedure for octave band measurements is specified in annex B.When the results from octave band measurements are converted to single-number quantities, these results are notdirectly comparable with those from one-third-octave band measurements.6.2 Generation of sound field in the source roomThe sound generated in the source room shall be steady and have a continuous spectrum in the frequency rangeconsidered. If filters are used, use those with a bandwidth of at least one-third octave. If broad-band noise is used,the spectrum may be shaped to ensure an adequate signal-to-noise ratio at high frequencies in the receiving room(white noise is recommended). In either case, the sound spectrum in the source room shall not have differences inlevel greater than 6 dB between adjacent one-third-octave bands.The sound power should be sufficiently high for the sound pressure level in the receiving room to be at least 10 dBhigher than the background noise level in any frequency band. If this is not fulfilled, corrections shall be applied asshown in 6.6.If the sound source enclosure contains more than one loudspeaker operating simultaneously, the loudspeakersshall be driven in phase or it shall be assured in other ways that the radiation is uniform and omnidirectional, asspecified in A.1.3. It is permissible to use multiple sound sources simultaneously, provided that they are of the sametype and are driven at the same level by similar, but uncorrelated, signals. When using a single sound source, itshall be operated in at least two positions. If the rooms are of different volumes, the larger one should be chosen asSIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
© ISOISO 140-4:1998(E)5source room when the standardized level difference is to be evaluated and no contradictory procedure is agreedupon. In order to evaluate the apparent sound reduction index measurement, results from one measurementdirection only or from both directions may be used. That means the loudspeaker positions shall be in the same roomor the measurements shall be repeated in the opposite direction by changing source and receiving room with one ormore source positions in each room.Place the loudspeaker enclosure so as to give a sound field as diffuse as possible and at such a distance from theseparating element and the flanking elements influencing the sound transmission that the direct radiation upon themis not dominant. The sound fields in the rooms depend strongly on the type and on the position of the sound source.Qualification of the loudspeakers and of the loudspeaker positions shall be performed using the procedures given inannex A.6.3 Measurement of average sound pressure level6.3.1 GeneralObtain the average sound pressure level by using a single microphone moved from position to position, or by anarray of fixed microphones, or by a continuously moving or oscillating microphone. The sound pressure levels at thedifferent microphone positions shall be averaged on an energy basis [see equation (1)] for all sound sourcepositions.6.3.2 Microphone positionsThe following are minimum separating distances:—0,7 m between microphone positions;—0,5 m between any microphone position and room boundaries or diffusers;—1,0 m between any microphone position and the sound source.NOTE
Greater separating distances should be used wherever possible.a)Fixed microphone positionsA minimum of five fixed microphone positions shall be used; these shall be evenly distributed within the spacepermitted for measurement in the room.b)Moving microphone positionsWhen using a moving microphone, the sweep radius shall be at least 0,7 m. The plane of the traverse shall beinclined in order to cover a large proportion of the space permitted for measurement. The plane of traverse shall notlie within 10° of any plane of the room (wall, floor, ceiling). The duration of a traverse period shall not be less than15 s.6.3.3 Measurementa)Using a single sound sourceThe minimum number of measurements using fixed microphone positions is ten (e.g. one measurement at eachmicrophone position corresponding to each loudspeaker position).The minimum number of measurements using a moving microphone is two (e.g. one measurement with eachloudspeaker position).b)Using a multiple sound source operating simultaneouslyThe minimum number of measurements using fixed microphone positions is five.The minimum number of measurements using a moving microphone is one.SIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
ISO 140-4:1998(E)© ISO66.3.4 Averaging timeAt each individual microphone position, the averaging time shall be at least 6 s at each frequency band with centrefrequencies below 400 Hz. For bands of higher centre frequencies, it is permissible to decrease the time to not lessthan 4 s. Using a moving microphone, the averaging time shall cover a whole number of traverses and shall be notless than 30 s.6.4 Frequency range of measurementsThe sound pressure level shall be measured using one-third-octave band filters having at least the following centrefrequencies, in hertz:100125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 8001 0001 2501 6002 0002 5003 150In order to obtain additional information and to obtain results comparable to that of laboratory measurementsaccording to ISO 140-3, it is recommended to enlarge the frequency range of the measurements by one-third-octave filter bands with the following centre frequencies, in hertz:4 0005 000If additional information in the low-frequency range is required, use one-third-octave band filters with the followingcentre frequencies, in hertz:506380Guidance is given in annex D for such additional measurements in the low-frequency bands.6.5 Measurement of reverberation time and evaluation of the equivalent sound absorption areaThe correction term of equation (6) containing the equivalent sound absorption area is evaluated from thereverberation time measured in accordance with ISO 354 and determined using Sabine's formula:AV=016,T. . . (7)whereAis the equivalent absorption area, in square metres;Vis the receiving room volume, in cubic metres;Tis the reverberation time in the receiving room, in seconds.Following ISO 354, begin the evaluation of the reverberation time from the decay curve about 0,1 s after the soundsource has been switched off, or from a sound pressure level a few decibels lower than that at the beginning of thedecay. Use a range neither less than 20 dB, nor so large that the observed decay cannot be approximated by astraight line. The bottom of this range shall be at least 10 dB above the background noise level.The minimum number of decay measurements required for each frequency band is six. At least one louds
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