EN ISO 16283-1:2014
(Main)Acoustics - Field measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 1: Airborne sound insulation (ISO 16283-1:2014)
Acoustics - Field measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part 1: Airborne sound insulation (ISO 16283-1:2014)
ISO 16283-1:2014 specifies procedures to determine the airborne sound insulation between two rooms in a building using sound pressure measurements. These procedures are intended for room volumes in the range from 10 m3 to 250 m3 in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 000 Hz. The test results can be used to quantify, assess and compare the airborne sound insulation in unfurnished or furnished rooms where the sound field may or may not approximate to a diffuse field. The measured airborne sound insulation is frequency-dependent and can be converted into a single number quantity to characterize the acoustic performance using the rating procedures in ISO 717‑1.
Akustik - Messung der Schalldämmung in Gebäuden und von Bauteilen am Bau - Teil 1: Luftschalldämmung (ISO 16283-1:2014)
Dieser Teil der ISO 16283 legt Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Luftschalldämmung zwischen zwei Räumen in einem Gebäude durch Schalldruckmessungen fest. Diese Verfahren sind für Raumvolumen im Bereich von 10 m3 bis 250 m3 und den Frequenzbereich von 50 Hz bis 5 000 Hz vorgesehen. Die Prüfergebnisse können genutzt werden, um die Luftschalldämmung in unmöblierten und möblierten Räumen quantitativ zu bestimmen, zu beurteilen und miteinander zu vergleichen, wobei das Schallfeld etwa einem diffusen Schallfeld entsprechen darf, dies jedoch nicht muss. Die gemessene Luftschalldämmung ist von der Frequenz abhängig und kann in eine Einzahlangabe umgewandelt werden, um unter Anwendung der Bewertungsverfahren nach ISO 717-1 die akustische Leistung zu charakterisieren.
Acoustique - Mesurage in situ de l'isolation acoustique des bâtiments et des éléments de construction - Partie 1: Isolation des bruits aériens (ISO 16283-1:2014)
L'ISO 16283-1:2014 spécifie les modes opératoires permettant de déterminer l'isolation des bruits aériens entre deux salles d'un bâtiment à l'aide de mesurages de la pression acoustique. Ces modes opératoires s'appliquent aux salles dont le volume est compris entre 10 m3 et 250 m3 aux fréquences comprises entre 50 Hz et 5 000 Hz. Les résultats des essais peuvent être utilisés pour quantifier, évaluer et comparer l'isolation des bruits aériens dans des salles non meublées ou meublées où le champ acoustique peut ou non être assimilé à un champ diffus. L'isolation mesurée des bruits aériens dépend de la fréquence et peut être convertie en une quantité d'indice unique d'évaluation qui caractérise la performance acoustique à l'aide des méthodes d'évaluation spécifiées dans l'ISO 717‑1.
Akustika - Terenska merjenja zvočne izolirnosti stavbnih elementov in v stavbah - 1. del: Izolirnost pred zvokom v zraku (ISO 16283-1:2014)
Standard 16283-1 določa postopke za ugotavljanje izolirnosti pred zvokom v zraku med dvema prostoroma v stavbi z uporabo meritev zvočnega tlaka. Namenjen je prostorom s prostornino 10–250 m3 v frekvenčnem območju 50–5000 Hz. Rezultate preskusa je mogoče uporabiti za kvantifikacijo, ovrednotenje in primerjavo izolirnosti pred zvokom v zraku v neopremljenih ali opremljenih prostorih, kjer je zvočno polje lahko, ali pa ne, podobno razpršenemu polju. Izmerjena izolirnost pred zvokom v zraku je odvisna od frekvence in jo je mogoče pretvoriti v eno številko za opredelitev akustičnih lastnosti z uporabo ocenjevalnih postopkov v standardu ISO 717-1.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2014
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 140-4:1999
$NXVWLND7HUHQVNDPHUMHQMD]YRþQHL]ROLUQRVWLVWDYEQLKHOHPHQWRYLQYVWDYEDK
GHO ,]ROLUQRVWSUHG]YRNRPY]UDNX ,62
Acoustics - Field measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements -
Part 1: Airborne sound insulation (ISO 16283-1:2014)
Akustik - Messung der Schalldämmung in Gebäuden und von Bauteilen - Teil 1:
Luftschalldämmung (ISO 16283-1:2014)
Acoustique - Mesurage in situ de l'isolation acoustique des bâtiments et des éléments de
construction - Partie 1: Isolation des bruits aériens (ISO 16283-1:2014)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16283-1:2014
ICS:
17.140.01 $NXVWLþQDPHUMHQMDLQ Acoustic measurements and
EODåHQMHKUXSDQDVSORãQR noise abatement in general
91.120.20 $NXVWLNDYVWDYEDK=YRþQD Acoustics in building. Sound
L]RODFLMD insulation
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 16283-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2014
ICS 91.120.20 Supersedes EN ISO 140-14:2004, EN ISO 140-4:1998,
EN ISO 140-5:1998, EN ISO 140-7:1998
English Version
Acoustics - Field measurement of sound insulation in buildings
and of building elements - Part 1: Airborne sound insulation (ISO
16283-1:2014)
Acoustique - Mesurage in situ de l'isolation acoustique des Akustik - Messung der Schalldämmung in Gebäuden und
bâtiments et des éléments de construction - Partie 1: von Bauteilen am Bau - Teil 1: Luftschalldämmung (ISO
Isolation des bruits aériens (ISO 16283-1:2014) 16283-1:2014)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 January 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16283-1:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 16283-1:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43 “Acoustics” in
collaboration with the Technical Committee CEN/TC 126 “Acoustic properties of building elements and of
buildings” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by August 2014.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 140-7:1998, EN ISO 140-5:1998, EN ISO 140-4:1998,
EN ISO 140-14:2004.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 16283-1:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16283-1:2014 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16283-1
First edition
2014-02-15
Acoustics — Field measurement of
sound insulation in buildings and of
building elements —
Part 1:
Airborne sound insulation
Acoustique — Mesurage in situ de l’isolation acoustique des
bâtiments et des éléments de construction —
Partie 1: Isolation des bruits aériens
Reference number
ISO 16283-1:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
ISO 16283-1:2014(E)
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 16283-1:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Instrumentation . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Calibration . 5
4.3 Verification . 5
5 Frequency range . 5
6 General . 6
7 Default procedure for sound pressure level measurement . 7
7.1 General . 7
7.2 Generation of sound field . 7
7.3 Fixed microphone positions . 8
7.4 Mechanized continuously-moving microphone . 9
7.5 Manually-scanned microphone .10
7.6 Minimum distances for microphone positions .12
7.7 Averaging times .12
7.8 Calculation of energy-average sound pressure levels .13
8 Low-frequency procedure for sound pressure level measurement .14
8.1 General .14
8.2 Generation of sound field .14
8.3 Microphone positions .14
8.4 Averaging time .15
8.5 Calculation of low-frequency energy-average sound pressure levels .15
9 Background noise (default and low-frequency procedure) .16
9.1 General .16
9.2 Correction to the signal level for background noise .17
10 Reverberation time in the receiving room (default and low-frequency procedure) .17
10.1 General .17
10.2 Generation of sound field .18
10.3 Default procedure .18
10.4 Low-frequency procedure .18
10.5 Interrupted noise method .18
10.6 Integrated impulse response method .18
11 Conversion to octave bands .19
12 Recording results .19
13 Uncertainty .19
14 Test report .19
Annex A (normative) Requirements for loudspeakers .21
Annex B (informative) Forms for recording results.22
Annex C (informative) Additional guidance .25
Annex D (informative) Horizontal measurements — Examples of suitable loudspeaker and
microphone positions .30
Annex E (informative) Vertical measurements — Examples of suitable loudspeaker and
ISO 16283-1:2014(E)
microphone positions .37
Bibliography .43
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 16283-1:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 2, Building
acoustics.
This first edition of ISO 16283-1 cancels and replaces ISO 140-4:1998, ISO 140-5:1998, ISO 140-7:1998,
and ISO 140-14:2004, which have been technically revised.
ISO 16283 consists of the following parts, under the general title Acoustics — Field measurement of sound
insulation in buildings and of building elements:
— Part 1: Airborne sound insulation
1)
— Part 2: Impact sound insulation
2)
— Part 3: Façade sound insulation
1) To be published.
2) Under development.
ISO 16283-1:2014(E)
Introduction
ISO 16283 (all parts) describes procedures for field measurements of sound insulation in buildings.
3)
Airborne, impact and façade sound insulation are described in ISO 16283-1, ISO 16283-2 and
4)
ISO 16283-3 , respectively.
Field sound insulation measurements that were described previously in ISO 140-4, −5, and −7 were
(a) primarily intended for measurements where the sound field could be considered to be diffuse, and (b)
not explicit as to whether operators could be present in the rooms during the measurement. ISO 16283
differs from ISO 140-4, −5, and −7 in that (a) it applies to rooms in which the sound field may or may
not approximate to a diffuse field, (b) it clarifies how operators can measure the sound field using a
hand-held microphone or sound level meter and (c) it includes additional guidance that was previously
contained in ISO 140-14.
NOTE Survey test methods for field measurements of airborne and impact sound insulation are dealt with in
ISO 10052.
3) To be published.
4) Under development.
vi © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16283-1:2014(E)
Acoustics — Field measurement of sound insulation in
buildings and of building elements —
Part 1:
Airborne sound insulation
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16283 specifies procedures to determine the airborne sound insulation between two
rooms in a building using sound pressure measurements. These procedures are intended for room
3 3
volumes in the range from 10 m to 250 m in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 000 Hz. The test
results can be used to quantify, assess and compare the airborne sound insulation in unfurnished or
furnished rooms where the sound field may or may not approximate to a diffuse field. The measured
airborne sound insulation is frequency-dependent and can be converted into a single number quantity
to characterize the acoustic performance using the rating procedures in ISO 717-1.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 717-1, Acoustics — Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 1: Airborne
sound insulation
ISO 3382-2, Acoustics — Measurement of room acoustic parameters — Part 2: Reverberation time in
ordinary rooms
ISO 12999-1, Acoustics — Determination and application of measurement uncertainties in building
1)
acoustics — Part 1: Sound insulation
ISO 18233, Acoustics — Application of new measurement methods in building and room acoustics
IEC 60942, Electroacoustics — Sound calibrators
IEC 61183, Electroacoustics — Random-incidence and diffuse-field calibration of sound level meters
IEC 61260, Electroacoustics — Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters
IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters — Part 1: Specifications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
1) To be published.
ISO 16283-1:2014(E)
3.1
energy-average sound pressure level in a room
L
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the space and time average of the squared sound pressure
to the square of the reference sound pressure, with the space average taken over the central zone of
the room where the direct radiation from any loudspeaker or the nearfield radiation from the room
boundaries has negligible influence
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels.
3.2
corner sound pressure level in a room
L
Corner
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the highest time average squared sound pressure from
the set of corner measurements to the square of the reference sound pressure, for the low-frequency
range (50, 63, and 80 Hz one-third octave bands)
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels.
Corner
3.3
low-frequency energy-average sound pressure level in a room
L
LF
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the space and time average of the squared sound pressure
to the square of the reference sound pressure in the low-frequency range (50, 63, and 80 Hz one-third
octave bands) where the space average is a weighted average that is calculated using the room corners
where the sound pressure levels are highest and the central zone of the room where the direct radiation
from any loudspeaker or the nearfield radiation from the room boundaries has negligible influence
Note 1 to entry: L is expressed in decibels.
LF
Note 2 to entry: L is an estimate of the energy-average sound pressure level for the entire room volume.
LF
3.4
reverberation time
T
time required for the sound pressure level in a room to decrease by 60 dB after the sound source has
stopped
Note 1 to entry: T is expressed in seconds.
3.5
background noise level
measured sound pressure level in the receiving room from all sources except the loudspeaker in the
source room
3.6
fixed microphone
microphone that is fixed in space by using a device such as a tripod so that it is stationary
3.7
mechanized continuously-moving microphone
microphone that is mechanically moved with approximately constant angular speed in a circle, or is
mechanically swept along a circular path where the angle of rotation about a fixed axis is between 270°
and 360°
3.8
manually-scanned microphone
microphone attached to a hand-held sound level meter or an extension rod that is moved by a human
operator along a prescribed path
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 16283-1:2014(E)
3.9
manually-held microphone
microphone attached to a hand-held sound level meter or a rod that is hand-held at a fixed position by a
human operator at a distance at least an arm’s length from the trunk of the operator’s body
3.10
partition
total surface of the separating partition between the source and receiving rooms
Note 1 to entry: For two rooms which are staggered vertically or horizontally, the total surface of the separating
partition is not visible from both sides of the partition; hence it is necessary to define the partition as the total
surface.
3.11
common partition
part of the partition that is common to both the source and receiving rooms
3.12
level difference
D
difference in the energy-average sound pressure levels between the source and receiving rooms with
one or more loudspeakers in the source room which is calculated using Formula (1)
DL=−L (1)
where
L is the energy-average sound pressure level in the source room when its volume is larger than
or equal to 25 m or the low-frequency energy-average sound pressure level (50 Hz, 63 Hz and
80 Hz bands only) in the source room when its volume is smaller than 25 m ;
L is the energy-average sound pressure level in the receiving room when its volume is larger
than or equal to 25 m or the low-frequency energy-average sound pressure level (50 Hz,
63 Hz and 80 Hz bands only) in the receiving room when its volume is smaller than 25 m
Note 1 to entry: D is expressed in decibels.
3.13
standardized level difference
D
nT
level difference that is standardized to a reference value of the reverberation time in the receiving room
and calculated using Formula (2)
T
DD=+10lg (2)
nT
T
where
T is the reverberation time in the receiving room;
T is the reference reverberation time; for dwellings, T = 0,5 s.
0 0
Note 1 to entry: D is expressed in decibels.
nT
ISO 16283-1:2014(E)
Note 2 to entry: The level difference is referenced to a reverberation time of 0,5 s because in dwellings with
furniture the reverberation time has been found to be reasonably independent of volume and frequency and
to be approximately equal to 0,5 s. With this standardization, D is dependent on the direction of the sound
nT
transmission if the source and receiving rooms have different volumes; D will be higher when the test is carried
nT
out from a smaller source room to a larger receiving room compared to the reverse situation. For this reason,
regulations that require testing to show compliance with a minimum standard of airborne sound insulation
usually require that the smaller room is used as the receiving room so that the lowest D values are measured.
nT
Note 3 to entry: D provides a straightforward link to the subjective impression of airborne sound insulation.
nT
3.14
apparent sound reduction index
R’
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the sound power, W , which is incident on a test element
to the total sound power radiated into the receiving room if, in addition to the sound power, W , radiated
by the test element, the sound power, W , radiated by flanking elements or by other components, is
significant
W
R'l=10 g (3)
WW+
and the apparent sound reduction index is evaluated using Formula (4)
S
RD'l=+10 g (4)
A
where
S is the area of the common partition, in square metres;
A is the equivalent absorption area of the receiving room, in square metres.
Note 1 to entry: R’ is expressed in decibels.
Note 2 to entry: In general, the sound power transmitted into the receiving room consists of the sum of several
components from different elements (walls, floor, ceiling etc.).
Note 3 to entry: R’ can be used to compare field measurements with laboratory measurements of the sound
reduction index, R. In comparison to D it has a weaker link to the subjective impression of airborne sound
nT
insulation.
Note 4 to entry: When R’ is determined in the 50 Hz, 63 Hz and 80 Hz bands using the low-frequency procedure
the link to sound power in Formula (3) is not exact.
3.15
equivalent absorption area
A
sound absorption area which is calculated using Sabine’s formula in Formula (5)
01, 6V
A= (5)
T
where
V is the receiving room volume, in cubic metres;
T is the reverberation time in the receiving room.
Note 1 to entry: A is expressed in square metres.
4 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 16283-1:2014(E)
4 Instrumentation
4.1 General
The instruments for measuring sound pressure levels, including microphone(s) as well as cable(s),
windscreen(s), recording devices and other accessories, if used, shall meet the requirements for a class
0 or 1 instrument according to IEC 61672-1 for random incidence application.
Filters shall meet the requirements for a class 0 or 1 instrument according to IEC 61260.
The reverberation time measurement equipment shall comply with the requirements defined in
ISO 3382-2.
4.2 Calibration
At the beginning and at the end of every measurement session and at least at the beginning and the end
of each measurement day, the entire sound pressure level measuring system shall be checked at one or
more frequencies by means of a sound calibrator meeting the requirements for a class 0 or 1 instrument
according to IEC 60942. Each time the calibrator is used, the sound pressure level measured with the
calibrator should be noted in the field documentation of the operator. Without any further adjustment,
the difference between the readings of two consecutive checks shall be less or equal to 0,5 dB. If this
value is exceeded, the results of measurements obtained after the previous satisfactory check shall be
discarded.
4.3 Verification
Compliance of the sound pressure level measuring instrument, the filters and the sound calibrator
with the relevant requirements shall be verified by the existence of a valid certificate of compliance. If
applicable, random incidence response of the microphone shall be verified by a procedure from IEC 61183.
All compliance testing shall be conducted by a laboratory being accredited or otherwise nationally
authorized to perform the relevant tests and calibrations and ensuring metrological traceability to the
appropriate measurement standards.
Unless national regulations dictate otherwise, it is recommended that the sound calibrator should be
calibrated at intervals not exceeding 1 year, the compliance of the instrumentation system with the
requirements of IEC 61672-1 should be verified at intervals not exceeding two years, and the compliance
of the filter set with the requirements of IEC 61260 should be verified at intervals not exceeding two
years.
5 Frequency range
All quantities shall be measured using one-third octave band filters having at least the following centre
frequencies, in hertz:
100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1 000, 1 250, 1 600, 2 000, 2 500, 3 150
If additional information in the low-frequency range is required, use one-third octave band filters with
the following centre frequencies, in hertz:
50, 63, 80
If additional information in the high-frequency range is required, use one-third octave band filters with
the following centre frequencies, in hertz:
4 000, 5 000
NOTE Measurement of additional information in the low- and high-frequency ranges is optional.
ISO 16283-1:2014(E)
6 General
Determination of the airborne sound insulation according to this part of ISO 16283 requires that one
room is chosen as the source room which will contain the loudspeaker(s), and another is chosen as the
receiving room. The measurements that are required include the sound pressure levels in both rooms
with the source(s) operating, the background noise in the receiving room when all sources are switched
off and the reverberation times in the receiving room.
Two measurement procedures are described that shall be used for the sound pressure level, the
reverberation time and the background noise; a default procedure and an additional low-frequency
procedure.
For the sound pressure level and the background noise, the default procedure for all frequencies is to
use a fixed microphone or a manually-held microphone moved from one position to another, an array of
fixed microphones, a mechanized continuously-moving microphone or a manually-scanned microphone.
These measurements are taken in the central zone of a room at positions away from the room boundaries.
Different approaches are described to sample the sound pressure so that the operator can choose the
most suitable approach for the source room and receiving room. The main consideration for the source
room concerns the hearing protection to be used by the human operator. For the receiving room the
aim is to minimize the effect of background noise for which the operator has to decide whether it is
advantageous to be present in the room in order to listen for intermittent background noise or to be
outside the room to ensure that the background noise is unaffected by the operator.
For the sound pressure level and the background noise, the low-frequency procedure shall be used for
the 50 Hz, 63 Hz, and 80 Hz one-third octave bands in the source and/or receiving room when its volume
is smaller than 25 m (calculated to the nearest cubic metre). This procedure is carried out in addition to
the default procedure and requires additional measurements of the sound pressure level in the corners
of the source and/or receiving room using either a fixed microphone or a manually-held microphone.
NOTE 1 The low-frequency procedure is necessary in small rooms due to large spatial variations in the
sound pressure level of the modal sound field. In these situations, corner measurements are used to improve the
repeatability, reproducibility and relevance to room occupants.
If necessary to avoid hearing damage, hearing protection should be worn by the operator when
measuring the sound pressure level in the source room and, if necessary, when measuring reverberation
times in the receiving room. When measuring sound pressure levels in the receiving room that will not
cause hearing damage it is advisable to remove any hearing protection so that the operator is aware of
short external noise events that could invalidate the measurement as well as helping the operator to
minimize self-generated noise.
For the reverberation time, the low-frequency procedure shall be used for the 50 Hz, 63 Hz, and 80 Hz
one-third octave bands in the source and/or receiving room when its volume is smaller than 25 m
(calculated to the nearest cubic metre).
If using methods of signal processing described in ISO 18233 the measurements shall be carried out
using fixed microphones and shall not use a mechanized continuously-moving microphone, manually-
held microphone or a manually-scanned microphone.
The sound fields in typical rooms (furnished or unfurnished) will rarely approximate to a diffuse sound
field over the entire frequency range from 50 Hz to 5000 Hz. The default and low-frequency procedures
allow for measurements to be taken without any knowledge as to whether the sound field can be
considered as diffuse or non-diffuse. For this reason, the sound field should not be modified for the
purpose of the test by temporarily introducing additional furniture or diffusers into one or both rooms
(furnished or unfurnished).
NOTE 2 If measurements with additional diffusion are required, for example due to regulatory requirements
or because the test result is to be compared with a laboratory measurement on a similar test element, then the
introduction of three diffusers will usually be sufficient each with an area of at least 1,0 m .
6 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 16283-1:2014(E)
All measurement methods for the default procedure or the low-frequency procedure are equivalent.
In case of dispute, the airborne sound insulation determined using measurement methods without an
operator inside the source and/or receiving room shall be taken to be the reference result.
NOTE 3 A reference result is defined for two reasons. Firstly, because an operator will introduce additional
absorption in the source room that is not present when the operator is taking measurements in the receiving
room. This potentially changes the sound field that is measured in both rooms, although in many situations
the effect will be negligible. Secondly, the background noise level with manual scanning is prone to variation in
the self-generated noise from the operator that does not tend to occur with fixed microphones or a mechanized
continuously-moving microphone.
7 Default procedure for sound pressure level measurement
7.1 General
Sound pressure level measurements are used to determine the average level in the central zone of the
source and receiving rooms with the loudspeaker(s) in operation, and the background noise level in the
receiving room when the loudspeaker is switched off.
Sound shall be generated in the source room using loudspeakers operated simultaneously in at least two
positions, or a single loudspeaker moved to at least two positions.
The sound power of the loudspeaker(s) should be sufficiently high for the sound pressure level in the
receiving room to be significantly above the background noise level as described in Clause 9.
Additional guidance on measurement procedures is given in Annexes C, D and E.
7.2 Generation of sound field
7.2.1 General
Use a single loudspeaker or multiple loudspeakers operating simultaneously provided that they are of
the same type and are driven at the same level by similar, but uncorrelated, signals. The loudspeaker(s)
shall be stationary during the measurement. Each loudspeaker shall comply with the directivity
requirements in Annex A.
The sound generated in the source room shall be steady and have a continuous spectrum over the
frequency range that is measured. Parallel measurements over the required range of one-third octave
bands can be taken using a broadband noise signal. If filtering of the source signal is used for each
frequency band under test, use a filter with a corresponding centre-band frequency that has a bandwidth
of at least one-third octave.
The energy-average sound pressure level in the source room shall not have a difference in level of more
than 8 dB between adjacent one-third octave bands, at least above 100 Hz. In situations where this
cannot be achieved with a broadband noise source, serial measurements in one-third octave bands shall
be used with band-limited noise.
White or pink noise is recommended as a broadband noise signal. However, the spectrum might need to
be shaped to ensure an adequate signal-to-noise ratio at high frequencies in the receiving room.
NOTE 1 A graphic equaliser is often essential as there may be situations where the 8 dB requirement cannot
be met without shaping the source signal. If the 8 dB requirement is not satisfied at low-frequencies it may be
possible to satisfy the requirement by changing the loudspeaker position as well as equalising the source signal.
7.2.2 Loudspeaker positions
The distance between the room boundaries and the loudspeaker shall be at least 0,5 m and should be
at least 1,0 m when the boundary is the separating partition. This distance shall be measured from the
boundary to the centre of the speaker unit that is closest to this boundary.
ISO 16283-1:2014(E)
Different loudspeaker positions shall not be located within planes parallel to the room boundaries that
are less than 0,7 m apart. The distance between different positions shall be at least 0,7 m. At least two
positions shall be at least 1,4 m apart.
When measuring the airborne sound insulation of a floor with the loudspeaker(s) in the upper room, the
base of the loudspeaker(s) shall be at least 1,0 m above the floor.
7.3 Fixed microphone positions
7.3.1 General
Fixed microphones may be used without an operator in the room by using a microphone fixed on a
tripod. Alternatively the operator can be present in the room with the microphone fixed on a tripod, or
with the operator using a manually-held microphone at a fixed position; in both cases the trunk of the
operator’s body shall remain at a distance at least an arm’s length from the microphone. Averaging times
shall satisfy the requirements in 7.7.1.
7.3.2 Number of measurements
a) When multiple loudspeakers are operated simultaneously, a minimum of five microphone positions
shall be used in each room. These shall be distributed within the maximum permitted space
throughout each room. No two microphone positions shall lie in the same plane relative to the room
boundaries and the positions shall not be in a regular grid.
b) When using a single loudspeaker, a minimum of five microphone positions shall be used in each
room for each loudspeaker position (additional sets of microphone positions may be different from
the first set of positions). Each set of microphone positions shall be distributed within the maximum
permitted space throughout each room. No two microphone positions shall lie in the same plane
relative to the room boundaries and the positions shall not be in a regular grid.
7.3.3 Multiple loudspeakers operating simultaneously
Measure the sound pressure levels in both the source and receiving rooms. Calculate the energy-average
sound pressure level in both the source and receiving rooms according to 7.8 then make any required
correction for background noise according to 9.2. Calculate the standardized level difference using
Formula (1) and Formula (2) or the apparent sound reduction index using Formula (1) and Formula (4).
7.3.4 Single loudspeaker operated at more than one position
Measure the sound pressure level in both the source and receiving rooms for the first loudspeaker
position. Calculate the energy-average sound pressure level in both the source and receiving rooms
according to 7.8 then make any required correction for background noise according to 9.2. For this
loudspeaker position, calculate the standardized level difference using Formula (1) and Formula (2)
or the apparent sound reduction index using Formula (1) and Formula (4). Both source and receiving
room levels shall be measured before the loudspeaker is moved. Repeat this process for the other
loudspeaker position(s). Calculate the standardized level difference using Formula (6) or the apparent
sound reduction index using Formula (7):
m
−D /10
nT,j
D =−10lg 10 (6)
nT
∑
m
j=1
8 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 16283-1:2014(E)
m
'
1 −R /10
j
R'l=−10 g 10 (7)
∑
m
j=1
where
m is the number of loudspeaker positions;
D is the standardized level difference for loudspeaker position j;
nT,j
R ’ is the apparent sound reduction index for loudspeaker position j.
j
7.4 Mechanized continuously-moving microphone
7.4.1 General
The microphone shall be mechanically moved with approximately constant angular speed in a circle,
or shall be mechanically swept along a circular path where the angle of rotation about a fixed axis is
between 270° and 360°. The sweep radius for the circular traverse shall be at least 0,7 m. The plane of
the traverse shall be inclined in order to cover a large proportion of the permitted room space and shall
not lie in any plane that is less than 10° from any room surface (wall, floor or ceiling).
The duration of a single traverse shall be at least 15 s. Each complete traverse may need to be repeated
to satisfy the requirements on the averaging time in 7.7.2.
7.4.2 Number of measurements
a) When multiple loudspeakers are operated simultaneously, at least one measurement shall be
carried out using the continuously-moving microphone. The location of the fixed point about which
the continuously-moving microphone moves shall be changed for each different set of loudspeaker
positions. The same number of measurements shall be taken at each location.
b) When using a single loudspeaker, a minimum of one meas
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