SIST EN 13383-2:2002
(Main)Armourstone - Part 2: Test methods
Armourstone - Part 2: Test methods
This European Standard specifies test methods for natural, artificial and recycled aggregates for use as armourstone.
Wasserbausteine - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren
Die vorliegende Europäische Norm legt Prüfverfahren für natürliche, künstliche und rezyklierte Gesteinskörnungen für die Verwendung als Wasserbausteine fest.
Enrochements - Partie 2 : Méthodes d'essai
La présente Norme européenne spécifie des méthodes d'essai pour les granulats naturels, artificiels et recyclés destinés a etre utilisés comme enrochement au moment de la livraison.
Kamen za obloge pri vodnih zgradbah in drugih gradbenih delih - 2. del: Preskusne metode
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Kamen za obloge pri vodnih zgradbah in drugih gradbenih delih - 2. del: Preskusne metodeWasserbausteine - Teil 2: PrüfverfahrenEnrochements - Partie 2 : Méthodes d'essaiArmourstone - Part 2: Test methods91.100.15Mineralni materiali in izdelkiMineral materials and productsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13383-2:2002SIST EN 13383-2:2002en01-september-2002SIST EN 13383-2:2002SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 13383-2:2002
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13383-2April 2002ICS 91.100.15English versionArmourstone - Part 2: Test methodsEnrochements - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essaiWasserbausteine - Teil 2: PrüfverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 December 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13383-2:2002 ESIST EN 13383-2:2002
EN 13383-2:2002 (E)2ContentspageForeword.31Scope.42Normative references.43Terms and definitions.44Methods for sampling.65Determination of the particle size distribution of coarse gradings.146Determination of the mass distribution of light and heavy gradings.167Determination of the percentage of pieces of armourstone with a length-to-thicknessratio greater than 3.208Determination of particle density and water absorption.239Determination of resistance to freezing and thawing.2510Determination of signs of “Sonnenbrand" and disintegration of steel slags.29Annex A (informative)
Example of a sampling report.33Annex B (informative)
Example of a particle size distribution of a coarse grading.34Annex C (informative)
Example of a mass distribution (reference method).35Annex D (informative)
Example of a mass distribution (alternative method).36Annex E (informative)
Density of water.37Annex F (informative)
Precision for determination of particle density and water absorption (seeclause 8)
- Repeatability r and reproducibility R.38Annex G (informative)
Guidance on sampling for testing.39SIST EN 13383-2:2002
EN 13383-2:2002 (E)3ForewordThis European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 154 "Aggregates", thesecretariat of which is held by BSI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identicaltext or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawnat the latest by June 2004.This is the second part of EN 13383 for armourstones, the other part being:EN 13383-1Armourstone - Part 1: Specification.Test methods for other properties of aggregates are covered by Parts of the following European Standards:EN 932Tests for general properties of aggregatesEN 933Tests for geometrical properties of aggregatesEN 1097Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregatesEN 1367Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregatesEN 1744Tests for chemical properties of aggregatesEN 13179Tests for filler aggregate used in bituminous mixturesAnnexes A, B, C, D, E, F and G are informative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 13383-2:2002
EN 13383-2:2002 (E)41 ScopeThis European Standard specifies test methods for natural, artificial and recycled aggregates for use asarmourstone.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter.For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to thisEuropean Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latestedition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 932-1:1996, Tests for general properties of aggregates — Part 1: Methods for sampling.EN 932-5, Tests for general properties of aggregates — Part 5: Common equipment and calibration.EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution— Sieving method.EN 933-2, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates – Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution –Test sieves, nominal size of apertures.EN 1097-5, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates — Part 5: Determination of the watercontent by drying in a ventilated oven.EN 13383-1:2002, Armourstone - Part 1: Specification.ISO 3310-2, Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing — Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1armourstone gradingarmourstone designation with a nominal lower and upper limitNOTEThis designation accepts the presence of undersize and oversize pieces of armourstone.3.2nominal lower limitmass or sieve size in a grading below which the armourstone pieces are considered to be undersized3.3nominal upper limitmass or sieve size in a grading above which the armourstone pieces are considered to be oversized3.4coarse gradingdesignation with a nominal upper limit defined by a sieve size between and including 125 mm and250 mmSIST EN 13383-2:2002
EN 13383-2:2002 (E)53.5light gradingdesignation with a nominal upper limit defined by a mass between and including 25 kg and 500 kg3.6heavy gradingdesignation with a nominal upper limit defined by a mass of more than 500 kg3.7fragmentaggregate pieces in the finest fraction of coarse gradings or the lightest fraction of light and heavy gradings forwhich the particle size distribution or mass distribution requirements applyNOTEFor further information on grading, see EN 13383-1:2002, annex A.3.8batchproduction quantity, delivery quantity, partial delivery quantity (railway wagon-load, lorry-load, ship's cargo) or astockpile produced at one time under conditions that are presumed uniformNOTEWith a continuous process the quantity produced during an agreed period is treated as a batch.3.9sampling planprocedure of allocation, withdrawal and preparation of a sample or samples from a material to yield the requiredinformation3.10sampling incrementquantity of material taken from a batch by one operation of the sampling apparatus3.11bulk sampleaggregation of the sampling increments3.12representative samplesample created by taking sampling increments according to sampling plan, which makes it likely that the qualityof this sample corresponds to that of the batch3.13subsamplesample obtained from sampling increments or a bulk sample by means of a sample reduction procedure3.14samplerindividual or a number of individuals working as a team, or an organisation, taking samples on a routine basis3.15length Lmaximum dimension of a piece of armourstone as defined by the greatest distance apart of two parallelplanes tangential to the stone’s surface3.16thickness Eminimum dimension of a piece of armourstone as defined by the least distance apart of two parallel planestangential to the stone’s surfaceSIST EN 13383-2:2002
EN 13383-2:2002 (E)63.17constant massSuccessive weighings after drying at least 24 h apart not differing by more than 0,1 %.NOTEIn many cases constant mass can be achieved after a test portion has been dried for a pre-determinedperiod in a specified oven at (110 ± 5) °C. Test laboratories can determine the time required to achieve constant mass forspecific types and sizes of sample dependent upon the drying capacity of the oven used.4 Methods for sampling4.1 GeneralThis clause describes methods for obtaining samples of armourstone from preparation and processing plantsincluding stocks and from silos, stockpiles and deliveries.The aim of sampling is to obtain samples that are representative of the average properties of the batch.The methods described are also suitable for obtaining sampling increments which are to be testedseparately.Methods to be used for sample reduction are also given.4.2 Principles of samplingProper and careful sampling and sample transport is a prerequisite for an analysis that will give reliableresults.
The correct use of the specified apparatus and methods helps to avoid biased sampling inclusivethe possibility of human bias introduced by visual selection.
Sampling variation caused by the heterogeneityof the batch shall be reduced to an acceptable level by taking an adequate number of sampling increments.NOTESee annex G for guidance on numbers and sizes of samples and test portions for testing armourstone asspecified in EN 13383-1:2002.Sampling increments are selected at random from all parts of the batch that the samples are to represent.Armourstone from which no sampling increment can be taken (because it is not accessible, or for some otherpractical reason) shall not be considered to be part of the batch that is represented by the samples. Forexample, if sampling increments are taken from armourstone discharged from a silo, the samples representthe armourstone that has been discharged, not the armourstone remaining in the silo.The sampler shall be informed of the aim of the sampling.4.3 Sampling planA sampling plan shall be prepared, prior to sampling, taking into account the grading type, the nature andsize of the batch, the local circumstances and the purposes of sampling.
It shall include:a) the type of the armourstone;b) the aim of the sampling including a list of the properties to be tested;c) the identification of the sampling points;d) the mass or number of stones of sampling increments;e) the number of sampling increments;f) the sampling apparatus to be used;g) the methods of sampling and sample reduction with reference to the clauses of this EuropeanStandard;h) the relevant marking, packaging and dispatch of the samples.SIST EN 13383-2:2002
EN 13383-2:2002 (E)74.4 Apparatus4.4.1 GeneralAll apparatus, unless otherwise stated, shall conform to the general requirements of EN 932-5.4.4.2 Apparatus for sampling4.4.2.1
Grab, fitted to either a crane or a hydraulic machine.4.4.2.2
Bucket or fork, fitted to a wheeled loader or a hydraulic machine.4.4.2.3
Truck, for receiving and/or transport of samples.4.4.2.4
Lifting equipment and lifting aids, for stones that cannot be moved manually.4.4.3 Apparatus for sample reduction and transport4.4.3.1
A floor area, upon which samples can be deposited and tested.
The floor shall be sufficiently cleanand close-textured to be able to distinguish and recover the material of the sample from the floor material.4.4.3.2
Shovels.4.4.3.3
Rectangular sampling buckets, of sufficent size and of width not less than three times the nominalupper grading limit.4.4.3.4
Suitable plates and wires, for sample reduction.4.4.3.5
Containers for transport, such as bags, buckets or other suitable containers.4.5 Sampling methods4.5.1 GeneralSampling for the determination of particle size and mass distributions shall preferably be undertakenimmediately preceding or during loading for transport or unloading after transport.Regulations for safety and ergonomics shall be followed.NOTE 1Some sampling methods will inevitably involve the samplers working close to processing plant and movingvehicles. Those involved in the planning and execution of sampling should work closely with the operationalmanagement to ensure safe working practices.NOTE 2Mechanically selected gradings should preferably be sampled from a stationary conveyor belt or from thestream of material.
Sampling increments should be taken at regular intervals througout the period the batch is in motion.Gradings of which the pieces of armourstone are individually handled can be sampled at the most convenient location.NOTE 3Sampling from static batches should be avoided wherever possible since it is difficult to satisfy the principleof taking sampling increments at random from all parts of the batch, and hence segregation is likely to cause thesampling to produce biased results.During sampling, grabs or other extraction equipment shall be filled to a minimum such that the degree offilling does not adversely affect the representativity of the sample or sampling increment.SIST EN 13383-2:2002
EN 13383-2:2002 (E)84.5.2 Sampling for the determination of particle size distribution, mass distributionand shape characteristics4.5.2.1 Sampling of material in bucket conveyors, bucket loaders, or grabsEach sampling increment shall consist of the entire contents of a grab or bucket.NOTEWhen this gives too large a sampling increment, it should be reduced by one of the methods described in4.6.4.5.2.2 Sampling at belt and chute discharge pointsThe period during which the sampling is to be done shall be divided into a number of equal intervals, and asampling increment shall be taken in the middle of each interval.A sample increment shall be taken by catching the discharge stream in a loader bucket, making sure that thecomplete cross-section of the stream of material is intercepted.
At the beginning and the ending of thesampling the edge of the bucket shall pass the cross-section of the stream as fast as possible.NOTE 1Where appropriate, sampling should only be started after a preliminary run to ensure that possibleirregularities in the pass do not lead to unrepresentative samples.NOTE 2Samples can also be taken at the discharge from a screen by the same method.4.5.2.3 Sampling from stationary conveyor beltsAll sampling increments shall be taken at the same sampling point. In every sampling increment all materialbetween two cross-sections shall be taken.
The distance between the cross-sections shall be determined bythe required quantity of the sampling increment.NOTESampling should only be started after a preliminary run to ensure that possible irregularities in the pass donot lead to unrepresentative samples.4.5.2.4 Sampling from a siloSampling at a silo outlet shall be carried out in accordance with 4.5.2.2.NOTEDuring filling of a silo the material segregates and as a result the finer material tends to be found in thecentre of the silo with the coarser material along the wall sides.
Alternating loading and discharging of a silo leads to acomplex segregation pattern in the silo and this segregation causes variations in the particle size distribution of thedischarged material.
The number of sampling increments should be related to this variation.4.5.2.5 Sampling from stockpilesWhen sampling from a segregated stockpile, from which material is being collected for transporting, asampling increment shall be taken from the material which is being taken from the stockpile.
For thispurpose, the contents of one or more loader buckets, grabs, lorries or any other means of handling ortransport shall be taken.
The period during which the sampling is done shall be divided into a number ofequal intervals and a sampling increment shall be taken in the middle of each interval.If at the time of sampling no material of a segregated stockpile is undergoing routine removal, the removal ofmaterial shall be simulated so as not to distort the representativity of the sampling increment with thesegregation effects associated with the initiation of stockpile extraction.
The sampling increments shall betaken at random or at equal distances around the stockpile or part thereof to be sampled.When sampling from a non-segregated stockpile, a sampling increment shall be taken as indicated for asegregated stockpile or by taking a quantity of material from a random location which is easily reached withthe equipment available.SIST EN 13383-2:2002
EN 13383-2:2002 (E)94.5.2.6 Sampling from floating equipmentFor the sampling prior to the unloading of a segregated load, sampling increments shall be taken from thelocations shown in Figure 1 at the surface of the load, with the aid of the unloading equipment.For the sampling of a non-segregated load, sampling increments shall be taken as is indicated for asegregated load or by taking a quantity of material at random or evenly distributed locations at the surface ofthe load as shown in Figure 2, with the aid of the unloading equipment.When sampling during unloading, sampling increments shall be taken with the aid of the unloadingequipment. The required number of sampling increments shall be taken at approximately equal intervals fromthe whole of the load to be sampled.Dimensions are approximateh' =
/
h56h' =
/
h16h' =
/
h1 2h' =
/
h1 2h' =
/
h1 6h' =
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h56A - AA3/12 l4/12 l4/12 l1/12 l1/12 l4/12 l4/12 l3/12 llAh'h1Key1SampleFigure 1 — Sampling locations in a loadSIST EN 13383-2:2002
EN 13383-2:2002 (E)10Dimensions are approximate1B - BB3/12 l4/12 l4/12 l1/12 l1/12 l4/12 l4/12 l3/12 llBh
/
h1 2
Key1SampleFigure 2 — Sampling locations in a non-segregated loadSIST EN 13383-2:2002
EN 13383-2:2002 (E)11Dimensions are approximate1/12 l2/12 l2/12 l2/12 l2/12 l2/12 l1/12 l1l1Key1Potential segregation areaFigure 3 — Sampling locations in a spread-discharged load4.5.2.7 Sampling from wheeled transportDischarge the contents of the vehicle partially or completely in a manner which produces an evenlydistributed longitunal pile of material. Sampling increments shall be taken from across the pile by removing,at random or at equally distributed locations, adequate quantities of material whilst avoiding the possiblysegregated material at the start and finish of the pile (see Figure 3). Take the material in strips over the fullwidth of the pile or in equal numbers of half strips from the left and right hand side of the centre line of thepile.When a batch to be sampled consists of more than one load, the sampling increments shall be taken fromrandomly selected loads using the method described above or taking each selected load as a whole as anincrement.When one load contains insufficient material for one sample to be tested several loads shall be taken.4.5.3 Sampling for the determination of physical, chemical, durability and other propertiesFor the determination of physical, chemical, durability and other properties individual pieces of armourstoneexcluding fragments shall be taken randomly as sampling increments, forming together a bulk sample.
Forproperties for which testing of aggregate is permitted, sampling shall be carried out in accordance withEN 932-1.SIST EN 13383-2:2002
EN 13383-2:2002 (E)12The sampling increments consisting of individual pieces of armourstone shall be taken from the sampleswhich have been taken for the determination of the particle size or mass distribution.
When such samplesare not available, the sampling increments shall be taken from the batch to be tested.Sampling increments shall be selected by one of the following methods:a) using random numbers (see EN 932-1:1996, annex D);b) taking pieces of armourstone in a sequence of predetermined positions relative to a randomlychosen starting point in a static batch;c) taking pieces of armourstone from random sieve fractions or parts thereof during or after thedetermination of the particle size distribution using two samplers, one being a blindfoldedselector and the other performing the actions;d) taking pieces of armourstone at a time or number interval when the material to be sampled ispassing in a random sequence of the stones, for instance during the determination of themass distribution.NOTEIf individual pieces of armourstone are significantly larger than the minimum size or mass required for thetest(s) to be executed, a portion of appropriate size or mass can be obtained by breaking a representative piece.
(Theobjective is to obtain laboratory samples representative of the batch to be tested but to have carried sample reduction atsource so as to minimize transport costs and reduce unnecessary sample reduction at the testing laboratory.)4.6 Sample reduction4.6.1 GeneralWherever possible, samples shall be reduced to produce samples for testing of appropriate size at thesampling location.If a sampling increment of a coarse grading is too large as test portion, one of the procedures as described in4.6.1.1 or 4.6.1.2 shall be used for the reduction of the sampling increment.If a sampling increment of a light grading is too large for the preparation of the bulk sample, the procedure asspecified in 4.6.1.2 shall be used for the reduction of the sampling increment.4.6.1.1 Reduction using bucketsDischarge the sample over one or more sample buckets.When discharging a sample from a loader bucket, arrange the receiver bucket(s) to catch all the materialfrom a cross-sectional segment or from one side of an imaginary cross-sectional plane in the centre of theloader bucket.When discharging a sample from a grab, catch all the material from one symmetrical quarter or half of thegrab content in one or more buckets.If further reduction is required, tip the bucket(s) containing the reduced sample over two adjoining bucketsand discard the contents of one bucket.
Repeat this procedure until the required size of test portion isobtained.4.6.1.2 Reduction using plates or wiresDischarge the sample over one or two vertically set plates.
The distance between two parallel set platesshall be at least three times the sieve size of the nominal upper grading limit.When discharging a sample from a loader bucket, take all the material from a cross-sectional segment orfrom one side of an imaginary cross-sectional plane in the centre of the loader bucket, discharged betweentwo parallel and vertically set plates or at one side of a vertically set plate.SIST EN 13383-2:2002
EN 13383-2:2002 (E)13When discharging a sample from a grab, take all the material from one symmetrical quarter or half of thegrab content, discharged between two vertically set plates at right angles to each other or at one side of avertically set plate.When reducing a sample already discharged onto a floor area (4.4.3.1) use wires representing imaginaryseparation planes.For the reduction of a sample to approximately the half amount, stretch a wire as a separation line over thesample. Where segregation is present in one direction of the deposited sample, place the wire in the samedirection (see Figure 4) and take the subsample by removing all armourstone located, or for the largest partlocated, at one side of the imagined vertical plane projected by the wire.Figure 4 — Halving a sample by meansof a separation planeFigure 5 — Dividing a sample withtwo separation planesFor the reduction of a sample to less than the half amount, stretch two parallel wires as separation lines overthe sample, so that the desired subsample lies between the two lines.
Where segregation is present in onedirection of the deposited sample, place the wires in the same direction (see Figure 5) and take thesubsample by removing all stones located, or for the largest part located, between the imaginary verticalplanes projected by the wires.NOTE 1A sample to be reduced by using wires should be spread in a layer of not greater than twice the nominalupper size of the material to facilitate the reduction procedure.NOTE 2Where no segregation of the material has occurred, the subsample can be limited to half the separated strip.4.7 Marking, packaging and dispatch of samplesThe laboratory samples or containers in which they are transported shall be clearly and durably marked.Marking shall include:a) a unique code; orb) identification of the laboratory samples, place of sampling, date of sampling and designationof the material.Laboratory samples shall be transported in such a way that pieces of armourstone are not broken in transit.SIST EN 13383-2:2002
EN 13383-2:2002 (E)144.8 Sampling reportThe sampler shall prepare a sampling report for each laboratory sample or for each group of laboratorysamples from a single source.The sampling report shall refer to this part of this European Standard and state:a) the sampling report identification (serial number);b) the laboratory sample identification mark(s);c) the date and place of sampling:d) the grading type and the size of the batch;e) the sampling point or identification of the batch sampled;f) a reference to the sampling plan prepared in accordance with 4.3;g) the name of the sampler;h) any other relevant information.NOTEAn example of a sampling report is given in annex A.5 Determination of the particle size distribution of coarse gradings5.1 PrincipleThe test consists of dividing up and separating a material, by means of a series of sieves, into severalfractions of different sizes.
The aperture sizes and the number of sieves shall be appropriate for the natureof the sample and the accuracy required.The cumulative mass of the pieces of armourstone passing each sieve shall be expressed as a percentageof the total mass of the material.5.2 Apparatus5.2.1
All apparatus, unless otherwise stated, shall conform to the general requirements of EN 932-5.5.2.2
Steel rod sieves, with square openings of 250 mm, 180 mm, 125 mm, 90 mm and 63 mm, fitting onreceivers, and a single opening sieve, 360 mm.These sieves shall comprise steel rods of 12 mm diameter welded together at right angles, forming squareopenings, with dimensions equating to the nominal sieve sizes with tolerances of ± 2,0 mm for the 360 mm,250 mm, 180 mm and 125 mm sieves and ± 1,0 mm for the 90 mm and 63 mm sieves.
In all cases the63 mm sieve shall be used.5.2.3
Test sieves, apertures conforming to ISO 3310-2 with apertures smaller than 63 mm.5.2.4
Receivers, with a volume of at least 0,1 m3, on which the steel rod sieves will fit.5.2.5
Weighing equipment, with a weighing capacity of at least 150 kg, accurate to 0,5 kg.5.2.6
Shovels, and brushes.5.2.7
A floor area, upon which the test portion can be deposited and tested. The floor shall be sufficientlyclean and close-textured to be able to distinguish and recover the material of the test portion from the floormaterial.SIST EN 13383-2:2002
EN 13383-2:2002 (E)155.3 Preparation of test portionThe sample shall be taken and reduced if necessary in accordance with the requirements of clause 4 toproduce the required test portion.The mass of the test portion in kilograms shall be at least twice the nominal upper limit of the grading inmillimetres.5.4 Procedure5.4.1 Dry sievingPlace the steel rod sieves on the receivers.Pass the sample in successive parts over the sieves in order of increasing sieve size, starting with the63 mm sieve up to and including the 250 mm sieve.
Place the 360 mm sieve over the stones retained on the250 mm sieve.Brush off, where present, any adhesive materials from the pieces of armourstone and catch the fine materialin the receiver under the 63 mm sieve.NOTEEnsure that all pieces of armourstone which may pass the sieve in any orientation have so passed before theretained material is placed on the subsequent sieve.Remove the fraction which passes the 63 mm sieve and weigh its mass (m1).If this mass is greater than 80 kg, split the fraction, taking and weighing a representative part of at least 40 kg(m2).
Execute the split by discharging the homogenised material over two adj
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