SIST EN 15587:2009
(Main)Cereals and cereal products - Determination of Besatz in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), rye (Secale cereale L.) and feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Cereals and cereal products - Determination of Besatz in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), rye (Secale cereale L.) and feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
This European Standard specifies the term Besatz (impurities) and describes methods for the determination of its components. The term Besatz is used as a parameter for certain quality aspects in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), rye (Secale cereale L.) and feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
Getreide und Getreideerzeugnisse - Bestimmung von Besatz in Weizen (Triticum aestivum L.), Hartweizen (Triticum durum Desf.), Roggen (Secale cereale L.) und Futtergerste (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Diese Europäische Norm legt den Begriff Besatz fest und beschreibt Verfahren zur Bestimmung seiner Bestandteile. Der Begriff Besatz wird als ein Parameter für bestimmte Qualitätsaspekte von Weizen (Triticum aestivum L.), Hartweizen (Triticum durum Desf.), Roggen (Secale cereale L.) und Futtergerste (Hordeum vulgare L.) verwendet
Céréales et produits céréaliers - Détermination du pourcentage d'impuretés dans le blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.), le blé dur (Triticum durum Desf.), le seigle (Secale cereale L.) et l'orge fourragère (Hordeum vulgare L.)
La présente Norme européenne spécifie le terme « impuretés» et décrit des méthodes de détermination de
ses composants. Le terme « impuretés» est utilisé comme paramètre pour certains aspects relatifs à la qualité
du blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.), du blé dur (Triticum durum Desf.), du seigle (Secale cereale L.) et de
l’orge fourragère (Hordeum vulgare L.).
Žito in žitni proizvodi - Določanje nečistoč v pšenici (Triticum aestivum L.), pšenici durum (Triticum durum Desf.), rži (Secale cereale L.) in krmilnem ječmenu (Hordeum vulgare L.)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Getreide und Getreideerzeugnisse - Bestimmung von Besatz in Weizen (Triticum aestivum L.), Hartweizen (Triticum durum Desf.), Roggen (Secale cereale L.) und Futtergerste (Hordeum vulgare L.)Céréales et produits céréaliers - Détermination du pourcentage d'impuretés dans le blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.), le blé dur (Triticum durum Desf.), le seigle (Secale cereale L.) et l'orge fourragère (Hordeum vulgare L.)Cereals and cereal products - Determination of Besatz in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), rye (Secale cereale L.) and feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)67.060QMLKCereals, pulses and derived productsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15587:2008SIST EN 15587:2009en,fr,de01-januar-2009SIST EN 15587:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 15587:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15587July 2008ICS 67.060 English VersionCereals and cereal products - Determination of Besatz in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), rye(Secale cereale L.) and feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)Céréales et produits céréaliers - Détermination dupourcentage d'impuretés dans le blé tendre (Triticumaestivum L.), le blé dur (Triticum durum Desf.), le seigle(Secale cereale L.) et l'orge fourragère (Hordeum vulgareL.)Getreide und Getreideerzeugnisse - Bestimmung vonBesatz in Weizen (Triticum aestivum L.), Hartweizen(Triticum durum Desf.), Roggen (Secale cereale L.) undFuttergerste (Hordeum vulgare L.)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 June 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15587:2008: ESIST EN 15587:2009
EN 15587:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Principle.7 5 Apparatus.7 6 Sampling.7 7 Procedure (see diagram in Annex B).7 8 Expression of results.8 9 Precision.9 10 Test report.10 Annex A (informative)
Schematic summary on Besatz.12 Annex B (normative)
Diagram of procedure.13 Annex C (informative)
Example of calculation.14 Annex D (informative)
Results of interlaboratory test.15 Bibliography.26
SIST EN 15587:2009
EN 15587:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15587:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 338 “Cereals and cereal products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 15587:2009
EN 15587:2008 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the term Besatz (impurities) and describes methods for the determination of its components. The term Besatz is used as a parameter for certain quality aspects in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), rye (Secale cereale L.) and feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 6644, Flowing cereals and milled cereal products — Automatic sampling by mechanical means (ISO 6644:2002) EN ISO 13690, Cereals, pulses and milled products — Sampling of static batches (ISO 13690:1999) prEN ISO 24333, Cereals and cereal products — Sampling (ISO/DIS 24333:2006) ISO 5223, Test sieves for cereals 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Besatz all matter of a sample of grain other than the basic cereal of unimpaired quality NOTE 1 It comprises the four fractions: broken grains, grain impurities, sprouted grains and miscellaneous impurities. NOTE 2 Live pests are not considered as Besatz. They are specified as a separate criterion. NOTE 3 A schematic summary on Besatz is given in Annex A. NOTE 4 Pictures of examples are given in [9]. 3.2 broken grains all grains belonging to the basic cereal not damaged by pests and whose endosperm is partially uncovered, including grains damaged by threshing and grains from which the germ has been removed 3.3 grain impurities fraction consisting of shrivelled grains, other cereals, grains damaged by pests, grains in which the germ is discoloured, mottled grains and grains overheated during drying SIST EN 15587:2009
EN 15587:2008 (E) 5
3.3.1 shrivelled grains grains which after elimination of all other matter defined in this European standard pass through 20 mm slotted sieves with widths of the following dimensions: common wheat
2,0 mm durum wheat
1,9 mm rye
1,8 mm feed barley
2,2 mm feed barley with moisture content below 12,5% 2,0 mm and grains damaged by frost and unripe grains (green) NOTE Frost damaged kernels can show the following appearance: black or brown discoloration, bleached or blistered, distinctly wax-like or candied surface. Frequently they have dark stripes showing through the sides of the kernel. 3.3.2 other cereals grains and their impurities consisting of grains which do not belong to the species of grain sampled or which are too unsound for being identified NOTE As durum wheat and common wheat are two different species, all common wheat grains and their grain dockage components are classified as other cereals and vice versa.
3.3.3 grains damaged by pests grains which show visible damage owing to attack by insects, rodents, mites or other pests NOTE Grains attacked by wheat midge are considered unsound grains (3.5.2) only when more than half the surface of the grain is coloured grey to black as a result of secondary cryptogamic attack. Where discoloration covers less than half the surface of the grain, they are classed with grains damaged by pests. 3.3.4 grains with discoloured germ, mottled grains grains either a) with discoloured germ in which the tegument covering the germ is coloured brown to brownish black and in which the germ is normal and not sprouted NOTE 1 If the germ is coloured only with one little spot, the grain is considered as sound or b) mottled which show a brown to brownish black discoloration elsewhere than on the germ itself and in particular in the crease NOTE 2 If the coloration is only in the crease, grains are considered as mottled only if the spot covers more than ¼ of the length of the crease. NOTE 3 This fraction only exists for Durum wheat.
SIST EN 15587:2009
EN 15587:2008 (E) 6 3.3.5 grains overheated during drying grains showing external signs of scorching but of which the kernels are sound NOTE Grains showing external signs of scorching and of which the kernels are coloured yellowish-grey to brownish-black are considered unsound. 3.4 sprouted grains grains in which the radicle or plumule is clearly visible to the naked eye NOTE 1 Account should be taken of the general appearance of the sample when its content of sprouted grains is assessed. NOTE 2 In some cereal classes the germ is protuberant, e.g. in durum wheat, and the germ tegument splits when the batch of cereals is shaken. These grains resemble sprouted grains but must not be included in that group. Sprouted grains are only those where the germ has undergone clearly visible changes which make it easy to distinguish the sprouted grain from the normal grain. 3.5 miscellaneous impurities
(synonymous: Schwarzbesatz) fraction consisting of extraneous seeds, unsound grains, extraneous matter, husks, ergot, smutty grains and impurities of animal origin 3.5.1 extraneous seeds seeds of plants, whether or not cultivated, other than cereals NOTE 1 They comprise noxious and not noxious seeds. Noxious seeds means seeds which are toxic to humans and animals. This group also includes seeds hampering or complicating the cleaning and milling of cereals and seeds affecting the quality of products processed from cereals. NOTE 2 In some cases it may be necessary to distinguish between noxious seeds and not noxious seeds. An indicative list of noxious seeds is given in Annex A of ISO 7970:2000 [4]. 3.5.2 unsound grains grains rendered unfit for human consumption and, as regards feed grain, for feed consumption, owing to putrefaction, mildew, grains affected with fungi, or bacterial or other causes NOTE 1 unsound grains also include grains damaged by spontaneous heat generation or too extreme heating during drying which are fully grown grains in which the tegument is coloured greyish-brown to black while the cross-section of the kernel is coloured yellowish-grey to brownish-black. NOTE 2 Grains attacked by wheat midge shall be considered unsound grains only when more than half the surface of the grain is coloured grey to black as a result of secondary cryptogamic attack. Where discoloration covers less then half the surface of the grain, they must be classed with grains damaged by pests. 3.5.3 extraneous matter all matter in a sample of cereals retained by a sieve with apertures of 3,5 mm and passing through a sieve with apertures of 1,0 mm, and stones, sand, fragments of straw and similar impurities in the sample which pass through a sieve with apertures of 3,5 mm and are retained by a sieve with apertures of 1,0 mm. NOTE Other cereals and particularly large grains of the basic cereal and ergot which are bigger than 3,5 mm are not extraneous matter. 3.5.4 husks glumes and grain husks SIST EN 15587:2009
EN 15587:2008 (E) 7 3.5.5 ergot sclerotia of Claviceps purpurea 3.5.6 bunted grains
grains filled with a fetid-smelling dust comprising the spores of smuts (Ustilago spp.) or brown-black spores of bunt (Tilletia spp.)
3.5.7 impurities of animal origin impurities originating from animals such as feathers, hairs, excrements, dead insects and fragment of insects 4 Principle The principle of this method is to separate all the groups of Besatz, defined under 3.1, from the normal basic grains by sieving and manual selection. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Sample divider 5.2 Balance, capable to weighing to the nearest 0.01 g 5.3 Sieves machine fitted with a cover and a receiver, the slot-widths 3,5 mm × 20,0 mm, 2,2 mm × 20,0 mm, 2,0 mm × 20,0 mm, 1,9 mm × 20,0 mm, 1,8 mm × 20,0 mm, 1,0 mm × 20,0 mm, in accordance with the specification of ISO 5223 5.4 Sieving machine allowing a forceful horizontal backward and forward movement of the sieves, e.g. vibrator base with mounted sieves, or a shaking sieve 5.5 Magnifying glass, illuminated 5.6 Forceps or horn spatula 5.7 Pots, for retaining components 6 Sampling It is important the laboratory receive a sample which is truly representative and has not been damaged or changed during transport and storage.
Sampling is not part of the method specified in this International Standard. Recommended sampling methods are given in EN ISO 6644, EN ISO 13690 and prEN ISO 24333. 7 Procedure (see diagram in Annex B) Prepare by division a representative sample of around 250 g (a) and weigh it to the nearest 0,1 g. This sample is sieved on a sieve column (one above with an aperture of 3,5 mm and the second under with an aperture of 1,0 mm) for 30 s either with a sieving machine (5.4), or by hand. If sieving is performed by hand, it SIST EN 15587:2009
EN 15587:2008 (E) 8 must consist of horizontal movements parallel to the length of the slots (around one backward and forward movement per second). The matter retained by the sieve with slotted perforations of 3,5 mm (5.3) and that passed through the sieves with slotted perforations of 1,0 mm (5.3), except other cereals and particularly large grains of the basic cereal and ergot, shall be weighed together and regarded as extraneous matter. Stones, mud balls, straws, chaff and similar impurities from the overtails of the 1,0 mm slotted sieve (5.3) have to be picked out. Both fractions are weighted and are regarded as extraneous matter (3.5.3).
Impurities of animal origin should be counted, including those which passed through the sieve of 1,0 mm slot-width (5.3). If necessary, a magnifying glass (5.5) should be used. NOTE The count should be quoted separately in numbers per kg of common wheat, durum wheat, rye or feed barley as appropriate. Remove ergot from the overtails of the 1,0 mm slotted sieve (5.3) and weigh to 0,01 g accurately. The fraction retained is divided with the sample divider (5.1) to obtain a sub sample (c) between 50 g and 100 g. Weigh it to the nearest 0,1 g. This partial sample is spread out on a table and fractions defined in Clause 3 are extracted by means of forceps or a horn spatula (5.6). In case multiple kinds of damages are observed, the damaged grain shall be added to the fraction with the highest importance for the overall quality. In rye samples with respect of natural variability of the colour of rye grains, grains with discoloured germ or mottled grains (3.3.4) are not picked out. If the partial sample contains unthreshed grains of the basic cereals, remove the grains from the glumes by hand and add them to the fraction husks (3.5.4). This sub sample without all the impurities is sieved for 30 s on a sieve (5.3) with an aperture of 2,0 mm for common wheat, 1,9 mm for durum wheat, 1,8 mm for rye, 2,2 mm for barley (2,0 mm if moisture content of barley is less than 12,5 %). All elements passing through are considered as shrivelled grains. Weigh the Besatz-free overtails of the 1,0 mm sieve (d) and all the groups of Besatz to the nearest 0,01 g. If, for a partial sample, the sum of broken grains (3.2), shrivelled grains (3.3.1), other cereals (3.3.2), grains damaged by pests (3.3.3), grains in which the germ is discoloured (3.3.4) grains overheated during drying (3.3.5), sprouted grains (3.4), extraneous seeds (3.5.1), unsound grains (3.5.2), husks (3.5.4), bunted grains (3.5.6) and the weight of the Besatz-free overtails of the 1,0 mm sieve (d) differs by more than 0,5 % from the sub sample weight (c), the determination is not valid and a new partial sample must be analysed. 8 Expression of results Express the content of extraneous matter (3.5.3) and the content of ergot (3.5.5) by using the formula given below as mass fraction in percent of the grains as received: a100×=xBx
(1) where Bx is the % Besatz fraction; a is the weight of average sample; SIST EN 15587:2009
EN 15587:2008 (E) 9 x is the weight of the Besatz group concerned. Express the content of each fraction of Besatz (3.2 to 3.5.6 without 3.5.3 and 3.5.5) by using the formula given below as mass fraction in percent of the grains as received: 100××−×=sbxBxaa
(2) where Bx is the % Besatz fraction; x is the weight of the
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.