SIST ISO 22514-3:2010
Statistical methods in process management - Capability and performance - Part 3: Machine performance studies for measured data on discrete parts
Statistical methods in process management - Capability and performance - Part 3: Machine performance studies for measured data on discrete parts
ISO 22514-3:2008 prescribes the steps to be taken in conducting short-term performance studies that are typically performed on machines where parts produced consecutively under repeatability conditions are considered. The number of observations to be analysed will vary according to the patterns the data produce, or if the runs (the rate at which items are produced) on the machine are low in quantity. The methods are not recommended where the sample size produced is less than 30 observations. Methods to be used for handling the data and carrying out the calculations are described. In addition, machine performance indices and the actions required at the conclusion of a machine performance study are described.
ISO 22514-3:2008 is not applicable when tool wear patterns are expected to be present during the duration of the study, nor if autocorrelation between observations is present. The situation where a machine has captured the data, sometimes thousands of data points collected in a minute, is not considered suitable for the application of ISO 22514-3:2008.
Méthodes statistiques dans la gestion de processus - Aptitude et performance - Partie 3: Études de performance de machines pour des données mesurées sur des parties discrètes
Statistične metode za obvladovanje procesov - Sposobnost in delovanje - 3. del: Študije strojnega delovanja za izmerjene podatke na diskretnih delih
Ta del ISO 22514 predpisuje korake, ki jih je potrebno podvzeti pri izvajanju kratkoročnih študij delovanja, ki so običajno izvedene na strojih, kjer so upoštevani deli, proizvedeni zaporedno, pod pogoji ponovljivosti. Število ugotovitev, ki jih je potrebno analizirati, se razlikuje glede na vzorce, ki jih proizvedejo podatki, če je tempo stroja(stopnja, po kateri so predmeti proizvedeni) počasen. Te metode niso priporočljive pri vzorcih, kjer je proizvedena velikost vzorca manjša od 30 ugotovitev. Opisane so metode, ki se uporabljajo za ravnanje s podatki in opravljanje izračunov. Poleg tega so opisani kazalniki strojnega delovanja in dejanja, ki so potrebna pri zaključku študije strojnega delovanja. Ta dokument ne velja, kadar se med trajanjem študije pričakuje prisotnost vzorcev izrabe orodja, in niti, če je prisotna avtokorelacija med ugotovitvami. Situacija, kjer je stroj zajel podatke, včasih na tisoče podatkovnih točk, zajetih v minuti, se ne šteje za primerno za uporabo tega dela ISO 22514.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2010
6WDWLVWLþQHPHWRGH]DREYODGRYDQMHSURFHVRY6SRVREQRVWLQGHORYDQMHGHO
âWXGLMHVWURMQHJDGHORYDQMD]DL]PHUMHQHSRGDWNHQDGLVNUHWQLKGHOLK
Statistical methods in process management - Capability and performance - Part 3:
Machine performance studies for measured data on discrete parts
Méthodes statistiques dans la gestion de processus - Aptitude et performance - Partie 3:
Études de performance de machines pour des données mesurées sur des parties
discrètes
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 22514-3:2008
ICS:
03.120.30 8SRUDEDVWDWLVWLþQLKPHWRG Application of statistical
methods
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22514-3
First edition
2008-02-15
Statistical methods in process
management — Capability and
performance —
Part 3:
Machine performance studies for
measured data on discrete parts
Méthodes statistiques dans la gestion de processus — Aptitude et
performance —
Partie 3: Études de performance de machines pour des données
mesurées sur des parties discrètes
Reference number
©
ISO 2008
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Symbols and abbreviations . 1
3 Pre-conditions for application. 2
4 Data collection . 3
5 Analysis . 4
6 Reporting . 14
7 Actions following a machine performance study. 16
Annex A (informative) Tables and worksheets . 17
Annex B (informative) Computer analysis of data . 20
Bibliography . 23
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22514-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 69, Applications of statistical methods,
Subcommittee SC 4, Applications of statistical methods in process management.
ISO 22514 consists of the following parts, under the general title Statistical methods in process
management — Capability and performance:
⎯ Part 1: General principles and concepts
⎯ Part 3: Machine performance studies for measured data on discrete parts
⎯ Part 4: Process capability estimates and performance measures [Technical Report]
In the future, it is planned to revise ISO 21747:2006 (Statistical methods — Process performance and
capability statistics for measured quality characteristics) as Part 2.
NOTE ISO 22514-3 was initially prepared as ISO/DIS 13700. It was renumbered before publication to include it in the
ISO 22514 series.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This part of ISO 22514 has been prepared to provide guidance in circumstances where a study is necessary
to determine if the output from a machine, for example, is acceptable according to some criteria. Such
circumstances are common in engineering when the purpose for the study is part of an acceptance trial.
These studies may also be used when diagnosis is required concerning a machine’s current level of
performance or as part of a problem solving effort. The method is very versatile and has been applied to many
situations.
Machine performance studies of this type provide information about the behaviour of a machine under very
restricted conditions such as limiting, as far as possible, external sources of variation that are commonplace
within a process, e.g. multi-factor and multi-level situations. The data gathered in a study might come from
items made consecutively, although this may be altered according to the study requirements. The data are
assumed to have been, generally, gathered manually.
The study procedure and reporting will be of interest to engineers, supervisors and management wishing to
establish whether a machine should be purchased or put in for maintenance, to assist in problem solving or to
understand the level of variation due to the machine itself.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22514-3:2008(E)
Statistical methods in process management — Capability and
performance —
Part 3:
Machine performance studies for measured data on discrete
parts
1 Scope
This part of ISO 22514 prescribes the steps to be taken in conducting short-term performance studies that are
typically performed on machines where parts produced consecutively under repeatability conditions are
considered. The number of observations to be analysed will vary according to the patterns the data produce,
or if the runs (the rate at which items are produced) on the machine are low in quantity. The methods are not
recommended where the sample size produced is less than 30 observations. Methods to be used for handling
the data and carrying out the calculations are described. In addition, machine performance indices and the
actions required at the conclusion of a machine performance study are described.
The document is not applicable when tool wear patterns are expected to be present during the duration of the
study, nor if autocorrelation between observations is present. The situation where a machine has captured the
data, sometimes thousands of data points collected in a minute, is not considered suitable for the application
of this part of ISO 22514.
2 Symbols and abbreviations
P machine performance index
m
P minimum machine performance index
mk
P lower machine performance index
mkL
P upper machine performance index
mkU
f frequency
Σf cumulative frequency
i subscript used to identify values of a variable
L lower specification limit
N total sample size
X α % distribution fractile
α %
X ith value in a sample
i
σ standard deviation, population
N
XX−
()
∑ i
i=1
S standard deviation, sample statistic, S =
N −1
U upper specification limit
z fractile of the standardized normal distribution from −∞ to α
α
µ population mean value in relation to the machine location
N
X
∑ i
i=1
X arithmetic mean value, sample, X =
N
GRR gauge repeatability and reproducibility
χ fractile of the Chi-square distribution
α
3 Pre-conditions for application
3.1 General
The pre-conditions given below are the minimum and may be exceeded when needed. In this type of study, it
is important to maintain constant all factors, other than the machine, which will influence the results, if the
study is to properly represent the machine itself, e.g. the same operator, same batch of material, etc.
3.2 Number of parts to be used in the study
The number specified will usually be 100. However, if the pattern of variation is expected to form a non-normal
distribution, the number of parts should be at least 100. The methods given within this part of ISO 22514 may
also be used when conducting audits of a process, in which case the number of measurements taken might
be less than the above number, e.g. 50.
NOTE 1 This is to ensure that a reasonably narrow confidence interval can be calculated for the machine performance
indices when a normal distribution has been used. The interval will be approximately ± 12 % of the estimated index with a
confidence of 90 % for samples of 100.
Some machines have very slow cycle times and a “run” cannot produce 100 parts. In such circumstances, it
will be necessary to proceed with available data. The minimum number that this part of ISO 22514
recommends with the methods described herein is 30.
NOTE 2 Special techniques beyond the scope of this part of ISO 22514 exist for circumstances when there are fewer
samples.
By contrast, a machine that produces parts at a very high rate, e.g. a rivet-making machine, the sampling
strategy may require alteration since 100 parts will be produced in a few seconds. In circumstances such as
these, several studies may be required each allowing a different sampling approach to examine the machine’s
behaviour.
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
3.3 Materials to be used
Ensure all input materials to be used in the study have been checked, conform to specifications and belong to
the same batches. It is not advised that a study be conducted with materials that are outside specification
since this could lead to unrepresentative results.
Care should be exercised not to introduce any other sources of variation other than those to be studied. A
typical example is where a machine run has to change to another batch of a particular material within a single
process batch, and batch material variation is not included in the study. In this instance, only data taken while
the first batch of that particular material was in use should be used in the analysis.
3.4 Measurement system
Ensure the measurement system to be used during the study has adequate properties, is calibrated and the
measurement system variation has been quantified and minimized. Special studies on the measurement
system should be undertaken to establish the amount of variation present due to measuring. The
measurement system should ideally have a combined gauge repeatability and reproducibility (GRR) of less
than 10 % of the process spread of the characteristic that the machine study is to investigate as determined
through a properly conducted measurement system analysis. This analysis should address issues of bias,
stability, linearity and discrimination, as well as GRR.
It may be appropriate to express the GRR as a percentage of a given specification tolerance. If the
measurement system has between 10 % and 30 % GRR, it may still be regarded as acceptable dependant
upon application. If it exceeds 30 %, the measurement system should be regarded as inappropriate. In
addition, the measurement system should have a measurement uncertainty appreciably less than the
tolerance or of the expected total variation of the characteristic, if known, as indicated above. Should a study
be performed using a measurement system with a performance wor
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22514-3
First edition
2008-02-15
Statistical methods in process
management — Capability and
performance —
Part 3:
Machine performance studies for
measured data on discrete parts
Méthodes statistiques dans la gestion de processus — Aptitude et
performance —
Partie 3: Études de performance de machines pour des données
mesurées sur des parties discrètes
Reference number
©
ISO 2008
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Symbols and abbreviations . 1
3 Pre-conditions for application. 2
4 Data collection . 3
5 Analysis . 4
6 Reporting . 14
7 Actions following a machine performance study. 16
Annex A (informative) Tables and worksheets . 17
Annex B (informative) Computer analysis of data . 20
Bibliography . 23
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22514-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 69, Applications of statistical methods,
Subcommittee SC 4, Applications of statistical methods in process management.
ISO 22514 consists of the following parts, under the general title Statistical methods in process
management — Capability and performance:
⎯ Part 1: General principles and concepts
⎯ Part 3: Machine performance studies for measured data on discrete parts
⎯ Part 4: Process capability estimates and performance measures [Technical Report]
In the future, it is planned to revise ISO 21747:2006 (Statistical methods — Process performance and
capability statistics for measured quality characteristics) as Part 2.
NOTE ISO 22514-3 was initially prepared as ISO/DIS 13700. It was renumbered before publication to include it in the
ISO 22514 series.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This part of ISO 22514 has been prepared to provide guidance in circumstances where a study is necessary
to determine if the output from a machine, for example, is acceptable according to some criteria. Such
circumstances are common in engineering when the purpose for the study is part of an acceptance trial.
These studies may also be used when diagnosis is required concerning a machine’s current level of
performance or as part of a problem solving effort. The method is very versatile and has been applied to many
situations.
Machine performance studies of this type provide information about the behaviour of a machine under very
restricted conditions such as limiting, as far as possible, external sources of variation that are commonplace
within a process, e.g. multi-factor and multi-level situations. The data gathered in a study might come from
items made consecutively, although this may be altered according to the study requirements. The data are
assumed to have been, generally, gathered manually.
The study procedure and reporting will be of interest to engineers, supervisors and management wishing to
establish whether a machine should be purchased or put in for maintenance, to assist in problem solving or to
understand the level of variation due to the machine itself.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22514-3:2008(E)
Statistical methods in process management — Capability and
performance —
Part 3:
Machine performance studies for measured data on discrete
parts
1 Scope
This part of ISO 22514 prescribes the steps to be taken in conducting short-term performance studies that are
typically performed on machines where parts produced consecutively under repeatability conditions are
considered. The number of observations to be analysed will vary according to the patterns the data produce,
or if the runs (the rate at which items are produced) on the machine are low in quantity. The methods are not
recommended where the sample size produced is less than 30 observations. Methods to be used for handling
the data and carrying out the calculations are described. In addition, machine performance indices and the
actions required at the conclusion of a machine performance study are described.
The document is not applicable when tool wear patterns are expected to be present during the duration of the
study, nor if autocorrelation between observations is present. The situation where a machine has captured the
data, sometimes thousands of data points collected in a minute, is not considered suitable for the application
of this part of ISO 22514.
2 Symbols and abbreviations
P machine performance index
m
P minimum machine performance index
mk
P lower machine performance index
mkL
P upper machine performance index
mkU
f frequency
Σf cumulative frequency
i subscript used to identify values of a variable
L lower specification limit
N total sample size
X α % distribution fractile
α %
X ith value in a sample
i
σ standard deviation, population
N
XX−
()
∑ i
i=1
S standard deviation, sample statistic, S =
N −1
U upper specification limit
z fractile of the standardized normal distribution from −∞ to α
α
µ population mean value in relation to the machine location
N
X
∑ i
i=1
X arithmetic mean value, sample, X =
N
GRR gauge repeatability and reproducibility
χ fractile of the Chi-square distribution
α
3 Pre-conditions for application
3.1 General
The pre-conditions given below are the minimum and may be exceeded when needed. In this type of study, it
is important to maintain constant all factors, other than the machine, which will influence the results, if the
study is to properly represent the machine itself, e.g. the same operator, same batch of material, etc.
3.2 Number of parts to be used in the study
The number specified will usually be 100. However, if the pattern of variation is expected to form a non-normal
distribution, the number of parts should be at least 100. The methods given within this part of ISO 22514 may
also be used when conducting audits of a process, in which case the number of measurements taken might
be less than the above number, e.g. 50.
NOTE 1 This is to ensure that a reasonably narrow confidence interval can be calculated for the machine performance
indices when a normal distribution has been used. The interval will be approximately ± 12 % of the estimated index with a
confidence of 90 % for samples of 100.
Some machines have very slow cycle times and a “run” cannot produce 100 parts. In such circumstances, it
will be necessary to proceed with available data. The minimum number that this part of ISO 22514
recommends with the methods described herein is 30.
NOTE 2 Special techniques beyond the scope of this part of ISO 22514 exist for circumstances when there are fewer
samples.
By contrast, a machine that produces parts at a very high rate, e.g. a rivet-making machine, the sampling
strategy may require alteration since 100 parts will be produced in a few seconds. In circumstances such as
these, several studies may be required each allowing a different sampling approach to examine the machine’s
behaviour.
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
3.3 Materials to be used
Ensure all input materials to be used in the study have been checked, conform to specifications and belong to
the same batches. It is not advised that a study be conducted with materials that are outside specification
since this could lead to unrepresentative results.
Care should be exercised not to introduce any other sources of variation other than those to be studied. A
typical example is where a machine run has to change to another batch of a particular material within a single
process batch, and batch material variation is not included in the study. In this instance, only data taken while
the first batch of that particular material was in use should be used in the analysis.
3.4 Measurement system
Ensure the measurement system to be used during the study has adequate properties, is calibrated and the
measurement system variation has been quantified and minimized. Special studies on the measurement
system should be undertaken to establish the amount of variation present due to measuring. The
measurement system should ideally have a combined gauge repeatability and reproducibility (GRR) of less
than 10 % of the process spread of the characteristic that the machine study is to investigate as determined
through a properly conducted measurement system analysis. This analysis should address issues of bias,
stability, linearity and discrimination, as well as GRR.
It may be appropriate to express the GRR as a percentage of a given specification tolerance. If the
measurement system has between 10 % and 30 % GRR, it may still be regarded as acceptable dependant
upon application. If it exceeds 30 %, the measurement system should be regarded as inappropriate. In
addition, the measurement system should have a measurement uncertainty appreciably less than the
tolerance or of the expected total variation of the characteristic, if known, as indicated above. Should a study
be performed using a measurement system with a performance worse than these requirements, some
erroneous conclusions to the study might be reached.
3.5 Running the study
Ensure an uninterrupted run takes place, under normal operating conditions. This will include any warm-up
time for the machine necessary to bring it up to its usual operating condition and with the machine set at
nominal for the characteristic to be studied. If the machine is stopped during the study for whatever reason,
either re-run the study again or analyse the data collected, as long as sufficient data has been collected and
as long as the repeatability conditions have not been violated. Under no circumstance should less than 30
results be used.
3.6 Special circumstances
In a multiple fixture set-up, multiple-cavity or multi-stream situation, each station, fixture, cavity or stream
should be treated as a separate machine for machine performance purposes since those streams may violate
the repeatability conditions.
In the case of a multiple-cavity tool, some extra studies may be performed to examine the between-cavity and
within-cavity variation. Consecutive observations from all cavities may be used in the study so as to examine
the total machine performance. Other
...
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