oSIST prEN ISO 19152-1:2023
(Main)Geographic information - Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) - Part 1: Generic Conceptual Model (ISO/DIS 19152-1:2022)
Geographic information - Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) - Part 1: Generic Conceptual Model (ISO/DIS 19152-1:2022)
Geoinformation - Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) (ISO/DIS 19152-1:2022)
Information géographique - Modèle du domaine de l'administration des terres (LADM) - Partie 1: Modèle conceptuel générique (ISO/DIS 19152-1:2022)
Geografske informacije - Model domene za zemljiško administracijo (LADM) - 1. del: Generični konceptualni način (ISO/DIS 19152-1:2022)
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 19152-1:2023
01-marec-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 19152:2013
Geografske informacije - Model domene za zemljiško administracijo (LADM) - 1.
del: Generični konceptualni način (ISO/DIS 19152-1:2022)
Geographic information - Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) - Part 1: Generic
Conceptual Model (ISO/DIS 19152-1:2022)
Geoinformation - Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) (ISO/DIS 19152-1:2022)
Information géographique - Modèle du domaine de l'administration des terres (LADM) -
Partie 1: Modèle conceptuel générique (ISO/DIS 19152-1:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 19152-1
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
oSIST prEN ISO 19152-1:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 19152-1:2023
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oSIST prEN ISO 19152-1:2023
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 19152-1
ISO/TC 211 Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2022-12-15 2023-03-09
Geographic information — Land Administration Domain
Model (LADM) —
Part 1:
Generic Conceptual Model
ICS: 35.240.70
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
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oSIST prEN ISO 19152-1:2023
ISO/DIS 19152-1:2022(E)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 19152-1
ISO/TC 211 Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
Geographic information — Land Administration Domain
Model (LADM) —
Part 1:
Generic Conceptual Model
ICS: 35.240.70
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
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PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 19152-1:2023
ISO/DIS 19152-1:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Acronyms and abbreviated terms . 5
4 Conformance requirements and notation . 6
4.1 Conformance . 6
4.2 Conformance Class . 6
4.3 Notation . 6
5 Conceptual basis .7
5.1 Packages and subpackages of the core LADM . 7
5.2 Conceptual Overview . 8
5.3 Party Package . 8
5.4 Administrative Package . 8
5.5 Spatial Unit Package . 9
6 LADM objects .10
6.1 General . 10
6.2 General Feature Model . 11
6.3 Special classes . 11
6.3.1 Versioned Object . 11
6.3.2 Fraction.13
6.3.3 Oid .13
6.3.4 LA_Source .13
Annex A (normative) Abstract Test Suite .15
Annex B (informative) 2D and 3D Representations of Spatial Units .18
Annex C (informative) Overview LADM parts, packages, extended core classes .21
Annex D (informative) Code List .32
Bibliography .33
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oSIST prEN ISO 19152-1:2023
ISO/DIS 19152-1:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
Additional parts are planned to address Valuation Information (Part 4), Spatial Plan Information
(Part 5) and Implementation Aspects (Part 6) under the general title Geographic information — Land
Administration Domain Model (LADM), see Annex C.
This edition of the ISO 19152 multi-part series of standards is backwards compatible to ISO 19152:2012
version of the Land Administration Domain Model.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19152 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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Introduction
To achieve public policy objectives, authorities establish rules for mandating or enabling particular
behaviours or outcomes. Some of these rules use territorial strategies. In the previous edition of this
standard the term land administration was used in the broad sense. In this new edition of the standard
a new term, with a wider meaning is introduced: georegulation, which is be defined as an activity to
delimit and assert control over geographical spaces through regulations.
Through land administration/georegulation, international law, constitutional law, administrative law,
private law and customary law create a multitude of geographic spaces serving multiple functions.
Land administration/georegulation may be used; for examples, to delegate powers regionally, to
control accessibility to a territory for security or health reasons, to organize the circulation of people,
goods and information, to manage resources or for conservation purposes. These geographic spaces
are juxtaposed or overlap, producing a complex legal spatial configuration.
The purpose of this International Standard is to present the fundamental notions and define the basic
components and relations shared by all objects created by land administration/georegulation.
The first goal of this standard is to enable involved parties, both within one country and between
different countries, to communicate, based on the shared vocabulary (that is, an ontology), implied by
the model. It is not to replace existing systems, but rather to provide a formal language (the Unified
Modelling Language, UML) for describing them, so that their similarities and differences can be better
understood.
The second goal is to provide an extensible basis for the development and refinement of efficient and
effective land administration systems, based on a Model Driven Architecture (MDA). The standard is
relevant for creating standardized information services in a national or international context, where
land administration domain semantics have to be shared between organizations, regions, or countries,
in order to enable necessary translations. Four considerations during the design of the model were:
— it will cover the common aspects shared by objects created by land administration/georegulation
all over the world;
— it will be based on the conceptual framework of ‘Cadastre 2014’ of the International Federation of
Surveyors (FIG);
— it will be as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice;
— the geospatial aspects follow the ISO/TC 211 conceptual model.
This document defines the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). This is a descriptive standard,
not a prescriptive standard.
The previous version of this standard, ISO 19152:2012 concentrated on Land Registration. This is now
contained in Part 2 of this standard. This document provides the general reference model for all objects
of land administration/georegulation and further provides an overview of all parts. Additional parts
are planned that align with the model defined in this document.
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oSIST prEN ISO 19152-1:2023
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 19152-1:2022(E)
Geographic information — Land Administration Domain
Model (LADM) —
Part 1:
Generic Conceptual Model
1 Scope
This document:
— defines a reference Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) covering basic information-related
components of land administration/georegulation;
— provides an abstract, conceptual model with packages related to:
— parties (people and organizations);
— basic administrative units, rights, responsibilities, and restrictions;
— spatial units.
— provides terminology for land administration/georegulation, based on various national and
international systems, that is as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice. The terminology
allows a shared description of different formal or informal practices and procedures in various
jurisdictions;
— provides a platform for indicators-based comparison and monitoring;
— provides a content model independent of encoding, allowing for the support of various encodings;
— provides a basis for national and regional profiles;
— enables the combining of land administration/georegulation information from different sources in
a coherent manner.
The following are outside the scope of this document:
— interference with (national) land administration/georegulation laws that may have any legal
implications;
— construction of external databases with party data, address data, land cover data, physical utility
network data, archive data and taxation data. However, the LADM provides stereotype classes for
these data sets to indicate which data set elements the LADM expects from these external sources,
if available.
This document provides the concepts and basic structure for standardization in the land
administration/georegulation domain. It defines a general schema that permits regulatory information
to be described. It also allows for the relationship to multiple parties and groups to be expressed
together with a referencing structure so that sourcing of all information systems may be maintained.
This document establishes the common elements and basic schema upon which more detailed schema
may be established. Other parts of ISO 19152 will address specific areas of the land administration
paradigm building upon the common core schema defined in document.
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2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19103:2015, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19105:2000, Geographic information — Conformance and testing
ISO 19109:2015, Geographic information — Rules for application schema
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
abstract test suite
set of conformance classes that define tests for all requirements of a specification
[SOURCE: ISO 19105:2022, 3.3]
3.1.2
basic administrative unit
baunit
administrative entity, can be subject to registration (by law), or recordation [by informal right, or
customary right, or another social tenure relationship], consisting of zero or more spatial units against
which (one or more) unique and homogeneous rights [e.g., ownership right or land (3.1.8) use right
(3.1.20)], responsibilities (3.1.18) or restrictions (3.1.19) are associated to the whole entity, as included in
a land administration (3.1.9) system
EXAMPLE Examples are a condominium unit comprising two spatial units (e.g., an apartment and a garage),
a farm lot comprising one spatial unit (e.g., parcel of land), a servitude comprising one spatial unit (e.g., the road
representing the right-of-way), a land consolidation area, or a right-of-use unit with several right holders and
restricted objects.
Note 1 to entry: Unique means that a right, restriction, or responsibility is held by one or more parties (e.g.,
owners or users) for the whole basic administrative unit. Homogeneous means that a right, restriction or
responsibility ownership, use, social tenure, lease, or easement) affects the whole basic administrative unit. For a
restriction zero parties are a possibility.
Note 2 to entry: A basic administrative unit may play the role of party, e.g., when the right holder is a basic
administrative unit (and not a person or organization).
Note 3 to entry: A baunit should get a unique identifier when registered, or recorded.
Note 4 to entry: A baunit can consist of zero spatial units, when a registry (3.1.15) exists, and not a cadastre.
Note 5 to entry: Restrictions and responsibilities can be associated with their own baunits, each with their own
type of spatial unit.
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3.1.3
feature
abstraction of real-world phenomena
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.11]
3.1.4
feature type
class of features (3.1.3) having common characteristics
1)
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 19156:— , 3.9]
3.1.5
fraction
pair of numbers, the top number called the numerator, the bottom number called the denominator, and
a line usually separates the numerator and denominator
EXAMPLE ½ and ¾ are examples of exact fractions.
Note 1 to entry: Fraction is LADM specific: the value type of denominator should be a positive integer value > 0.
The value type of numerator should be a non-negative integer value ≥ 0, and should be lower or equal than the
denominator value.
3.1.6
georegulation
activity to delimit and assert control over geographical spaces through regulations (3.1.16)
3.1.7
group party
any number of parties, together forming a distinct entity, with each party registered
EXAMPLE A partnership (with each partner registered as a party), or two tribes (with each tribe registered
as a party).
Note 1 to entry: A group party may be a party member (3.1.12) of another group party.
3.1.8
land
spatial extent that is defined by RRRs [via baunit] and encompass the surface of the earth,
strata, sub-strata or the marine environment
Note 1 to entry: Land can be represented in 2, 3 or 4 dimensions – points, lines, areas and volumes over time.
3.1.9
land administration
process of determining, recording and disseminating information about the relationship between
people and land (3.1.8)
3.1.10
object identifier
oid
generic object identifier providing support in object identification
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from ISO/IEC 8824-1.
1) Under preparation. (Stage at the time of publication ISO/DIS 19156).
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3.1.11
party
person or organization that plays a role in a rights (3.1.20), responsibilities (3.1.18) or restrictions
(3.1.19) transaction
EXAMPLE An organization may be a company, a municipality, the state, a tribe, a farmer cooperation, or a
church community (with each organization represented by a delegate: a director, chief, CEO, etc.).
Note 1 to entry: In order to be registered as a party not all members need to be identified and registered
individually.
Note 2 to entry: A basic administrative unit (3.1.2) may be a party because it may hold a right of e.g., easement.
3.1.12
party member
party (3.1.11) registered and identified as a constituent of a group party (3.1.7)
3.1.13
profile
set of one or more base standards or subsets of base standards, and, where applicable, the identification
of chosen clauses, classes, options and parameters of those base standards, that are necessary for
accomplishing a particular function
Note 1 to entry: A profile valid for a whole country is named a country profile.
Note 2 to entry: A profile is derived from base standards so that by definition, conformance to a profile is
conformance to the base standards from which it is derived.
[SOURCE: ISO 19106:2004, 4.5]
3.1.14
register, noun
managed collection of register items
[SOURCE: ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.9]
3.1.15
registry
information system on which a register (3.1.14) is maintained
[SOURCE: ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.13]
3.1.16
regulation
instrument by an authorization issued by government for mandating or enabling particular behaviours
or outcomes in order to achieve public policy objectives
3.1.17
required relationship
explicit association between either spatial units, or between basic administrative units (3.1.2)
Note 1 to entry: Due to legal aspects, history of data, inaccurate geometries or missing geometries, geospatial
overlay techniques may generate invalid, or no relationships between spatial units, which can be introduced by
required relationships.
Note 2 to entry: Relationships for spatial units may be defined with ISO 19125-2 types.
3.1.18
responsibility
formal or informal obligation on the land owner to allow or do something
EXAMPLE The responsibility to clean a ditch, to keep a snow-free pavement or to remove icicles from the
roof during winter, or to maintain a monument.
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Note 1 to entry: Owner implies leaseholder, usufruct holder, etc.
3.1.19
restriction
formal or informal obligation on the land owner to refrain from doing something
EXAMPLE 1 It is not allowed to build within 200 metres of a fuel station; or, a servitude or mortgage as a
restriction to the ownership right.
EXAMPLE 2 Sequestration can be registered for baunit as a restriction.
3.1.20
right
formal or informal entitlement to own or do something
EXAMPLE Ownership right, apartment right, tenancy right, possessions, customary right, Islamic right (e.g.
miri or milk), Indigenous right, or informal right.
Note 1 to entry: A right may provide a formal or informal entitlement to own or do something.
Note 2 to entry: Rights may be overlapping, or may be in disagreement.
3.1.21
source
document providing legal and/or administrative facts on which the LA object [right, restriction
(3.1.19), responsibility (3.1.18), basic administrative unit (3.1.2), party (3.1.11), or spatial unit] is based
on
Note 1 to entry: Any kind of document may be added as a source according to ISO 19115:2014.
3.1.22
spatial unit
feature type (3.1.4) related to land administration (3.1.9)/georegulation (3.1.6) with associated spatial
and thematic attributes
Note 1 to entry: Spatial units are structured in a way to support the creation and management of basic
administrative units (3.1.2).
Note 2 to entry: This standard supports either 2-dimensional (2D), 3-dimensional (3D), or mixed (2D and 3D)
representations of spatial attributes associated to spatial units. In addition, the spatial geometry associated with
a spatial unit may be described in text (“from this tree to that river”).
Note 3 to entry: In addition to spatial units represented by a single point, text, or a set of unstructured lines, a
spatial unit may have an area equal to zero for administrative reasons.
Note 4 to entry: Annex B contains more background on the 2D and 3D representations of spatial units.
3.1.23
spatial unit group
any number of spatial units (3.1.22), considered as an entity
EXAMPLE Spatial units together forming an administrative zone such as a section, a canton, a municipality,
a department, a province, or a country. Spatial units within a planning area.
Note 1 to entry: The spatial units in a spatial unit group are not necessarily continuous.
3.2 Acronyms and abbreviated terms
FIG International Federation of Surveyors
IHO International Hydrographic Organization
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ISO/DIS 19152-1:2022(E)
LADM Land Administration Domain Model
oid Object identifier
RRR Right, Restriction, Responsibility
UML Unified Modelling Language
4 Conformance requirements and notation
4.1 Conformance
Conformance to this part of the ISO 19152 series on Land Administration/Georegulation consists of
alignment with the requirements established in Clauses 4.2 and 6.3 in this document. The Abstract Test
Suite given in Annex A describes a methodology for testing conformance to these requirements.
4.2 Conformance Class
Only one conformance class is identified in this document.
1) CoreClassComformant
Requirement 1: The description, development and refinement of efficient and effective Land
Administration/Georegulation System using this part of ISO 19152 LADM shall be compatible with a
set of UML classes described in Clause 5 (Party, Administrative and Spatial Unit Packages), and a set of
UML classes and attributes described in Clause 6 (LA_Source and VersionedObject).
2) TripletStructurePresent
Requirement 2: The three elements SpatialUnit – RRR (and BAUnit) – Party provide the common
pattern for Land Administration/Georegulation and form the basic structure. A Land Administration/
Georegulation system shall be constructed using groupings of SpatialUnits, BAUnits and/or Parties
classes.
3) BackwardsCompatible
Requirement 3: Any country
...
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