SIST EN 61400-2:2015
(Main)Wind turbines - Part 2: Small wind turbines (IEC 61400-2:2013)
Wind turbines - Part 2: Small wind turbines (IEC 61400-2:2013)
This part of IEC 61400 deals with safety philosophy, quality assurance, and engineering
integrity and specifies requirements for the safety of small wind turbines (SWTs) including
design, installation, maintenance and operation under specified external conditions. Its
purpose is to provide the appropriate level of protection against damage from hazards from
these systems during their planned lifetime.
This standard is concerned with all subsystems of SWTs such as protection mechanisms,
internal electrical systems, mechanical systems, support structures, foundations and the
electrical interconnection with the load. A small wind turbine system includes the wind turbine
itself including support structures, the turbine controller, the charge controller / inverter (if
required), wiring and disconnects, the installation and operation manual(s) and other
documentation.
While this standard is similar to IEC 61400-1, it does simplify and make significant changes in
order to be applicable to small wind turbines. Any of the requirements of this standard may be
altered if it can be suitably demonstrated that the safety of the turbine system is not
compromised. This provision, however, does not apply to the classification and the associated
definitions of external conditions in Clause 6. Compliance with this standard does not relieve
any person, organisation, or corporation from the responsibility of observing other applicable
regulations.
This standard applies to wind turbines with a rotor swept area smaller than or equal to
200 m2, generating electricity at a voltage below 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. for both on-grid
and off-grid applications.
This standard should be used together with the appropriate IEC and ISO standards (see
Clause 2).
Windenergieanlagen - Teil 2: Anforderungen für kleine Windenergieanlagen (IEC 61400-2:2013)
Aérogénérateurs - Partie 2: Petits aérogénérateurs (IEC 61400-2:2013)
La CEI 61400-2:2013 traite de la philosophie relative à la sécurité, l'assurance de la qualité et l'intégrité de l'ingénierie, et elle spécifie les exigences relatives à la sécurité des petits aérogénérateurs (PAG), comprenant leur conception, leur installation et leur maintenance, ainsi que leur exploitation dans des conditions externes spécifiées. Elle fixe un niveau approprié de protection contre les dommages dus aux dangers que ces systèmes pourraient causer pendant leur durée de vie. La présente norme se préoccupe de tous les sous-systèmes des PAG tels que les mécanismes de protection, les systèmes électriques internes, les systèmes mécaniques, les structures de support, les fondations et l'interconnexion électrique avec la charge. Bien que la présente norme soit similaire à la CEI 61400-1, elle la simplifie et y apporte des changements significatifs afin d'être applicable aux petits aérogénérateurs. Cette nouvelle édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente: - le titre a été modifié pour mieux refléter le domaine d'application; - restructuration en une partie Evaluation de la conception et une partie Essais de type pour harmoniser l'utilisation avec les essais de conformité et la certification de la CEI 61400-22; - des précautions ont été ajoutées concernant l'utilisation des équations simplifiées; - diverses annexes ont été ajoutées (conditions de vent, tempêtes tropicales, conditions d'environnement extrêmes, essais CEM, comportement dynamique).
Vetrne turbine - 2. del: Male vetrne turbine (IEC 61400-2:2013)
Ta del standarda IEC 61400 obravnava varnostna načela, zagotavljanje kakovosti in celovitost zasnove ter določa zahteve za zaščito malih vetrnih turbin (SWT), vključno z načrtovanjem, namestitvijo, vzdrževanjem in delovanjem pri določenih zunanjih pogojih. Njegov namen je zagotoviti ustrezno raven zaščite pred poškodbami zaradi nevarnih lastnosti teh sistemov v njihovi predvideni življenjski dobi.
Ta standard obravnava vse podsisteme enot SWT, kot so varnostni mehanizmi, notranji električni sistemi, mehanski sistemi, podporne konstrukcije, temelji in električne povezave z obremenitvijo. Sistem male vetrne turbine vključuje vetrno turbino, vključno s podporno konstrukcijo, regulator turbine, regulator napajanja/inverter (če je potrebno), napeljavo in odklopnike, navodila za namestitev in uporabo ter drugo dokumentacijo.
Čeprav je ta standard podoben standardu IEC 61400-1, vključuje poenostavitve in bistvene spremembe za namen uporabe za male vetrne turbine. Katere koli zahteve tega standarda se lahko spremenijo v primeru, če je mogoče ustrezno prikazati, da varnostne lastnosti sistema turbine niso ogrožene. Vendar se ta določba ne uporablja za klasifikacijo in povezane definicije zunanjih pogojev iz točke 6. Skladnost s tem standardom ne odvezuje nobene osebe, organizacije ali družbe odgovornosti za zagotavljanje skladnosti z drugimi veljavnimi predpisi.
Ta standard se uporablja za vetrne turbine z območjem delovanja rotorja, manjšim ali enakim 200 m2, ki proizvajajo električno energijo pri napetosti manj kot 1000 V (izmenični tok) ali 1500 V (enosmerni tok) pri načinih uporabe znotraj in zunaj omrežja. Ta standard naj bi se uporabljal skupaj z ustreznimi standardi IEC in ISO (glej točko 2).
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 61400-2:2015
01-maj-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 61400-2:2006
Vetrne turbine - 2. del: Male vetrne turbine (IEC 61400-2:2013)
Wind turbines - Part 2: Small wind turbines (IEC 61400-2:2013)
Windenergieanlagen - Teil 2: Anforderungen für kleine Windenergieanlagen (IEC 61400-
2:2013)
Aérogénérateurs - Partie 2: Petits aérogénérateurs (IEC 61400-2:2013)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61400-2:2014
ICS:
27.180 Sistemi turbin na veter in Wind turbine systems and
drugi alternativni viri energije other alternative sources of
energy
SIST EN 61400-2:2015 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 61400-2:2015
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SIST EN 61400-2:2015
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61400-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2014
ICS 27.180 Supersedes EN 61400-2:2006
English Version
Wind turbines - Part 2: Small wind turbines
(IEC 61400-2:2013)
Eoliennes-- Partie 2: Petits aérogénérateurs Windenergieanlagen - Teil 2: Anforderungen für kleine
(CEI 61400-2:2013) Windenergieanlagen
(IEC 61400-2:2013)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2014-01-16. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 61400-2:2014 E
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SIST EN 61400-2:2015
EN 61400-2:2014 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 88/465/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 61400-2, prepared by IEC/TC 88 "Wind
turbines" and ISO/TC 60 "Gears" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by
CENELEC as EN 61400-2:2014.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2015-04-10
• latest date by which the document has
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2017-01-16
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 61400-2:2006
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61400-2:2013 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60034 (Series) NOTE Harmonized as EN 60034 (Series).
IEC 60364 (Series) NOTE Harmonized as HD 60364 (Series).
IEC 60529:1989 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60529:1991.
IEC 61400-1:2005 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61400-1:2005.
IEC 61400-4 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61400-4.
IEC 61400-21:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61400-21:2008.
IEC 61400-22:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61400-22:2011.
IEC 61400-24 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61400-24.
ISO/IEC 17020:2012 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO/IEC 17020:2012.
ISO 9000 (Series) NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9000 (Series).
ISO 9001:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9001:2008.
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SIST EN 61400-2:2015
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Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60038 (mod) 2009 IEC standard voltages EN 60038 2011
IEC 60204-1 (mod) 2005 Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment EN 60204-1 2006
of machines -- Part 1: General requirements
+prA11
+EN 60204- 2010
1:2006/corrigendum
Feb. 2010
IEC 60364-5-54 - Low-voltage electrical installations -- Part 5- HD 60364-5-54 -
54: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment - Earthing arrangements and
protective conductors
+FprAA 2011
IEC 60721-2-1 - Classification of environmental conditions -- EN 60721-2-1 -
Part 2-1: Environmental conditions
appearing in nature - Temperature and
humidity
IEC 61400-1 2005 Wind turbines -- Part 1: Design requirements EN 61400-1 2005
+prA
IEC 61400-11 - Wind turbines -- Part 11: Acoustic noise EN 61400-11 -
measurement techniques
IEC 61400-12-1 2005 Wind turbines -- Part 12-1: Power EN 61400-12-1 2006
performance measurements of electricity
producing wind turbines
IEC 61643-11 (mod) 2011 Low-voltage surge protective devices -- Part EN 61643-11 2012
11: Surge protective devices connected to
low-voltage power systems - Requirements
and test methods
ISO 2394 1998 General principles on reliability for structures - -
IEC/TS 61400-13 - Wind turbine generator systems - Part 13: - -
Measurement of mechanical loads
IEC/TS 61400-23 2001 Wind turbine generator systems -- Part 23: - -
Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades
ISO/IEC 17025 - General requirements for the competence of EN ISO/IEC 17025 -
testing and calibration laboratories
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SIST EN 61400-2:2015
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SIST EN 61400-2:2015
IEC 61400-2
®
Edition 3.0 2013-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Wind turbines –
Part 2: Small wind turbines
Eoliennes –
Partie 2: Petits aérogénérateurs
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XF
ICS 27.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-1284-4
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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SIST EN 61400-2:2015
– 2 – 61400-2 IEC:2013
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 9
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms and definitions . 12
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 21
4.1 General . 21
4.2 Symbols . 21
4.3 Coordinate system . 25
5 Principal elements . 26
5.1 General . 26
5.2 Design methods . 27
5.3 Quality assurance . 27
I Design evaluation . 29
6 External conditions . 29
6.1 General . 29
6.2 SWT classes . 29
6.3 Wind conditions . 30
6.3.1 General . 30
6.3.2 Normal wind conditions . 30
6.3.3 Extreme wind conditions . 32
6.4 Other environmental conditions . 36
6.4.1 General . 36
6.4.2 Other normal environmental conditions . 37
6.4.3 Other extreme environmental conditions . 37
6.5 Controlled test conditions . 38
6.6 Electrical load conditions . 38
6.6.1 General . 38
6.6.2 For turbines connected to the electrical power network . 38
6.6.3 For turbines not connected to the electrical power network . 38
7 Structural design . 39
7.1 General . 39
7.2 Design methodology . 39
7.3 Loads and load cases . 39
7.3.1 General . 39
7.3.2 Vibration, inertial and gravitational loads . 39
7.3.3 Aerodynamic loads . 39
7.3.4 Operational loads . 40
7.3.5 Other loads . 40
7.3.6 Load cases . 40
7.4 Simplified loads methodology . 40
7.4.1 General . 40
7.4.2 Load case A: normal operation . 42
7.4.3 Load case B: yawing . 43
7.4.4 Load case C: yaw error . 44
7.4.5 Load case D: maximum thrust . 44
7.4.6 Load case E: maximum rotational speed . 44
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7.4.7 Load case F: short at load connection . 44
7.4.8 Load case G: shutdown (braking) . 44
7.4.9 Load case H: extreme wind loading . 45
7.4.10 Load case I: parked wind loading, maximum exposure . 46
7.4.11 Load case J: transportation, assembly, maintenance and
repair . 47
7.5 Simulation modelling . 47
7.5.1 General . 47
7.5.2 Power production (DLC 1.1 to 1.5) . 48
7.5.3 Power production plus occurrence of fault (DLC 2.1 to 2.3). 49
7.5.4 Normal shutdown (DLC 3.1 and 3.2) . 49
7.5.5 Emergency or manual shutdown (DLC 4.1) . 49
7.5.6 Extreme wind loading (stand-still or idling or spinning) (DLC
5.1 to 5.2) . 49
7.5.7 Parked plus fault conditions (DLC 6.1) . 50
7.5.8 Transportation, assembly, maintenance and repair (DLC 7.1) . 50
7.5.9 Load calculations . 50
7.6 Load measurements. 50
7.7 Stress calculation . 50
7.8 Safety factors. 51
7.8.1 Material factors and requirements . 51
7.8.2 Partial safety factor for loads . 52
7.9 Limit state analysis . 52
7.9.1 Ultimate strength analysis . 52
7.9.2 Fatigue failure . 53
7.9.3 Critical deflection analysis . 53
8 Protection and shutdown system . 54
8.1 General . 54
8.2 Functional requirements of the protection system . 54
8.3 Manual shutdown . 54
8.4 Shutdown for maintenance . 55
9 Electrical system . 55
9.1 General . 55
9.2 Protective devices . 55
9.3 Disconnect device . 56
9.4 Earthing (grounding) systems . 56
9.5 Lightning protection . 56
9.6 Electrical conductors and cables . 56
9.7 Electrical loads . 56
9.7.1 General . 56
9.7.2 Battery charging . 56
9.7.3 Electrical power network (grid connected systems) . 57
9.7.4 Direct connect to electric motors (e.g. water pumping) . 57
9.7.5 Direct resistive load (e.g. heating) . 57
9.8 Local requirements . 57
10 Support structure . 58
10.1 General . 58
10.2 Dynamic requirements . 58
10.3 Environmental factors . 58
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10.4 Earthing . 58
10.5 Foundation . 58
10.6 Turbine access design loads . 58
11 Documentation requirements . 58
11.1 General . 58
11.2 Product manuals . 59
11.2.1 General . 59
11.2.2 Specification . 59
11.2.3 Installation . 60
11.2.4 Operation . 60
11.2.5 Maintenance and routine inspection . 61
11.3 Consumer label . 62
12 Wind turbine markings . 62
II Type testing. 63
13 Testing . 63
13.1 General . 63
13.2 Tests to verify design data . 63
13.2.1 General . 63
13.2.2 P , n , V and Q . 63
design design design design
13.2.3 Maximum yaw rate . 64
13.2.4 Maximum rotational speed . 64
13.3 Mechanical loads testing . 64
13.4 Duration testing . 65
13.4.1 General . 65
13.4.2 Reliable operation . 66
13.4.3 Dynamic behaviour . 68
13.4.4 Reporting of duration test . 69
13.5 Mechanical component testing . 70
13.5.1 General . 70
13.5.2 Blade test . 70
13.5.3 Hub test . 71
13.5.4 Nacelle frame test . 71
13.5.5 Yaw mechanism test . 71
13.5.6 Gearbox test . 71
13.6 Safety and function . 71
13.7 Environmental testing . 72
13.8 Electrical . 72
Annex A (informative) Variants of small wind turbine systems . 73
A.1 General . 73
A.2 Example 1: power forms. 73
A.3 Example 2: blades . 73
A.4 Example 3: support structures . 73
Annex B (normative) Design parameters for describing SWT class S . 75
Annex C (informative) Stochastic turbulence models . 76
C.1 General . 76
C.2 Exponential coherency model . 77
C.3 Von Karman isotropic turbulence model . 77
Annex D (informative) Deterministic turbulence description . 79
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Annex E (informative) Partial safety factors for materials . 81
E.1 General . 81
E.2 Symbols . 81
E.3 Characteristic value versus design values . 81
E.4 Material factors and requirements . 82
E.4.1 General . 82
E.4.2 Composites . 83
E.4.3 Metals . 85
E.4.4 Wood . 85
E.5 Geometry effects . 88
E.6 Reference documents . 89
Annex F (informative) Development of the simplified loads methodology . 90
F.1 Symbols used in this annex . 90
F.2 General . 91
F.3 Caution regarding use of simplified equations . 91
F.4 General relationships . 92
F.5 Reference documents . 100
Annex G (informative) Example of test reporting formats . 101
G.1 Overview. 101
G.2 Duration test . 101
G.2.1 General . 101
G.2.2 Table summarizing the duration test results . 101
G.2.3 Plot showing any potential power degradation . 102
G.3 Power/energy performance . 102
G.3.1 General . 102
G.4 Acoustic noise test . 105
Annex H (informative) EMC measurements . 106
H.1 Overview. 106
H.2 Measurement for radiated emissions . 106
H.3 Measurements of conducted emissions . 108
H.4 Reference documents . 108
Annex I (normative) Natural frequency analysis . 110
Annex J (informative) Extreme environmental conditions . 112
J.1 Overview. 112
J.2 Extreme conditions . 112
J.3 Low temperature . 112
J.4 Ice . 112
J.5 High temperature . 113
J.6 Marine . 113
Annex K (informative) Extreme wind conditions of tropical cyclones . 114
K.1 General . 114
K.2 Using SWT classes in tropical cyclone areas . 114
K.3 Extreme wind conditions . 114
K.3.1 Definition of tropical cyclones . 114
K.3.2 General features of tropical cyclones . 114
K.3.3 Extreme wind conditions . 115
K.4 Stochastic simulation (Monte Carlo simulation) . 116
K.5 Reference documents . 117
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Annex L (informative) Other wind conditions . 120
L.1 General .
...
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