SIST ISO 16000-36:2019
Indoor air - Part 36: Standard method for assessing the reduction rate of culturable airborne bacteria by air purifiers using a test chamber
Indoor air - Part 36: Standard method for assessing the reduction rate of culturable airborne bacteria by air purifiers using a test chamber
This document specifies a method to evaluate the capacity of air purifiers to reduce the concentration
of airborne culturable bacteria.
The test is applicable to air purifiers commonly used in single room spaces.
Air intérieur - Partie 36: Méthode normalisée d'évaluation du taux de réduction des bactéries cultivables en suspension par des purificateurs d'air en utilisant une chambre d'essai
Le pr�sent document sp�cifie une m�thode d'�valuation de la capacit� des purificateurs d'air � r�duire la concentration de bact�ries cultivables a�roport�es.
Cet essai s'applique aux purificateurs d'air couramment utilis�s dans des espaces ne comportant qu'une seule pi�ce.
Notranji zrak - 36. del: Standardna metoda s preskusno komoro za ocenjevanje učinkovitosti čistilnikov zraka, ki znižujejo koncentracijo bakterij v zraku
Ta dokument določa metodo za oceno zmogljivosti čistilnika zraka za zmanjšanje koncentracije bakterij, ki se lahko gojijo v zraku.
Preskus se uporablja za čistilnike zraka, ki se običajno uporabljajo v posameznih prostorih.
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 16000-36:2019
01-september-2019
Notranji zrak - 36. del: Standardna metoda s preskusno komoro za ocenjevanje
učinkovitosti čistilnikov zraka, ki znižujejo koncentracijo bakterij v zraku
Indoor air - Part 36: Standard method for assessing the reduction rate of culturable
airborne bacteria by air purifiers using a test chamber
Air intérieur - Partie 36: Méthode normalisée d'évaluation du taux de réduction des
bactéries cultivables en suspension par des purificateurs d'air en utilisant une chambre
d'essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 16000-36:2018
ICS:
13.040.20 Kakovost okoljskega zraka Ambient atmospheres
SIST ISO 16000-36:2019 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 16000-36:2019
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 16000-36:2019
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16000-36
First edition
2018-10
Corrected version
2019-03
Indoor air —
Part 36:
Standard method for assessing the
reduction rate of culturable airborne
bacteria by air purifiers using a test
chamber
Air intérieur —
Partie 36: Méthode normalisée d'évaluation du taux d'abattement
de bactéries cultivables aéroportées par des purificateurs d'air en
utilisant une chambre d'essai
Reference number
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
©
ISO 2018
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 16000-36:2019
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 16000-36:2019
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus and materials. 2
5.1 Apparatus . 2
5.2 Materials . 5
5.2.1 Test bacteria . 5
5.2.2 Culture media and reagents . 5
6 Preparation of the stock cultures and working cultures of the test bacteria .6
6.1 Preparation and maintenance of stock culture . 6
6.2 Preparation and maintenance of working cultures of the test bacteria on agar plates . 6
6.3 Preparation of working culture suspensions . 6
7 Procedures . 6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Step 1 — Measurement of the concentration of culturable test bacteria, c , without
i
operating the air purifier . 7
7.2.1 General. 7
7.2.2 Preparation of the air purifier and the test chamber . 7
7.2.3 Measurement of bacterial background concentration in the test chamber . 7
7.2.4 Nebulizing test bacterial suspension . 7
7.2.5 Measurement of the initial concentration of culturable bacteria inside the
test chamber after nebulizing . 7
7.2.6 Measurement of the concentration of culturable bacteria inside the test
chamber after a defined time . 8
7.2.7 Post-test actions . 8
7.3 Step 2 — Measurement of the concentration of culturable test bacteria, c , after
t
operating the air purifier . 8
8 Calculation and expression of results . 8
8.1 Calculation of the concentration of airborne culturable bacteria . 8
8.2 Conditions for a valid test . 9
8.3 Reduction rate of bacteria . 9
9 Test report . 9
10 Quality assurance .10
Annex A (informative) Test chamber .11
Annex B (informative) Natural decay rate according to the operating mode of air purifier .14
Annex C (informative) Homogeneity of airborne culturable bacteria in the test chamber .16
Bibliography .17
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO 16000-36:2019
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6,
Indoor air.
A list of all parts in the ISO 16000 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
This corrected version of ISO 16000-36:2018 incorporates the following corrections:
3 3 9 9
— In 6.3, the values 1,0 × 10 to 3,5 × 10 have been changed to 1,0 × 10 to 9,0 × 10 ;
3 3 4 4
— In 7.2.5, the values 1,0 × 10 and 3,2 × 10 have been changed to 1,0 × 10 and 3,2 × 10 ;
3 3 4 4
— In 8.2, the values 1,0 × 10 to 3,2 × 10 have been changed to 1,0 × 10 to 3,2 × 10 .
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO 16000-36:2019
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
Introduction
An indoor microbial environment is important to the health of occupants, particularly with regard to
increased time spent indoors.
Air purifiers are used to reduce the concentration of microorganisms in indoor air.
The efficiency of such air purifiers to reduce airborne microorganisms can be investigated in test
chambers at constant temperature and relative air humidity.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO 16000-36:2019
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST ISO 16000-36:2019
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
Indoor air —
Part 36:
Standard method for assessing the reduction rate of
culturable airborne bacteria by air purifiers using a test
chamber
WARNING — The test given in this document shall be performed by expert staff trained and
certified to handle microorganism-related techniques. The test bacterium Staphylococcus aureus
is a facultative pathogen for human and animals. National and international safety procedures
for working with infectious biomaterials shall be followed to prevent any contamination of
apparatus, working place or environment. The examination and preparation of the cultures
should be carried out in a microbiological safety cabinet class II.
1 Scope
This document specifies a method to evaluate the capacity of air purifiers to reduce the concentration
of airborne culturable bacteria.
The test is applicable to air purifiers commonly used in single room spaces.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 16000-9:2006, Indoor air — Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from
building products and furnishing — Emission test chamber method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
air purifier
electrically-powered device that is basically built of a fan and a set of components possessing the ability
to capture and/or (partially or totally) destroy air pollutants
3.2
colony forming unit
cfu
unit by which the number of culturable bacteria (3.3) is expressed
[SOURCE: EN 13098:2000, modified]
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST ISO 16000-36:2019
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
3.3
bacteria
procaryotic, single-celled, microscopic organism with peptidoglycan cell wall
3.4
background concentration
concentration of culturable airborne bacteria (3.3) inside the test chamber prior to testing
3.5
natural decay rate
reduction rate of culturable bacteria (3.3), which is measured by comparing the concentration of
bacteria immediately after nebulizing a bacterial suspension inside the chamber with the concentration
counted after a defined time (testing time) without running the air purifier (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: Natural decay rate is expressed in per cent.
3.6
bacterial reduction rate
reduction rate of culturable bacteria (3.3), which is measured by comparing the concentration of
bacteria immediately after nebulizing a bacterial suspension inside the chamber with the concentration
counted after a defined running time (testing time) of the air purifier (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: Bacterial reduction rate is expressed in per cent.
3.7
impaction
sampling of airborne culturable bacteria (3.3) by inertial separation on a solid agar surface
4 Principle
The efficiency of air purifiers is tested using nebulized bacterial suspensions inside a test chamber at
constant temperature and relative air humidity. The efficiency is calculated by the reduction rate of
culturable airborne bacteria in a defined period of time, considering homogeneity and natural decay
rate of the bacteria.
5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Apparatus
5.1.1 Test chamber.
The chamber shall be made from suitable material, i.e. one that emits minimal pollutant is corrosion
proof, such as stainless steel. It shall maintain sufficient airtight capacity.
The volume of the chamber should reflect the later application of the air purifier. The minimum volume
3 3 3
shall not be below be 8 m and is typically between 15 m and 30 m .
Install a HEPA filter unit for cleaning air by removing particles, an air conditioning unit to control the
temperature and humidity, and a system to decontaminate the air inside the test chamber. Particularly
for larger test chambers, a fan is needed for homogenous distribution of the bacteria.
The test environment shall be kept clean and free from microbial contamination. It shall have a suitable
environmental control system to maintain a constant temperature and humidity. To achieve this, the
test chamber should include the following:
— a system capable of removing contamination and maintaining aseptic condition inside the chamber,
such as an UV lamp;
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST ISO 16000-36:2019
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
— a facility to transfer items into and out of the chamber without cross-contamination (this can include
a special system, such as a glove box);
— a facility to control power inside the chamber from outside;
— a facility to generate an aerosol of test bacteria inside the chamber and to ensure its homogeneity
(this can be achieved by using a spray inlet through which bacteria are nebulised connected to a
spray nozzle in the chamber, with a fan to ensure homogeneous distribution of the bacteria inside
the chamber);
— an air conditioning system inside the chamber capable of controlling temperature and relative
humidity in a stable and precise manner; the air conditioning system shall be switched off during
the test;
— a facility to use negative pressure air flow to flush the chamber post-testing;
— an indicator to display main environmental factors of the test, including flow rate, temperature and
relative humidity;
— a filter to prevent contamination from the outside during ventilation.
A test system using a test chamber is shown in Figure 1.
Key
1 air purifier 6 dehumidifier
2 air intake of air purifier 7 nebulizer
3 3A, 3B, 3C position of impactors 8 filter (to supply clean air)
4 stand for the air purifier 9 pressure pump
5 the inlet of spray 10 test chamber
Figure 1 — Schematic diagram of test system using a test chamber
Example photos of a test chamber are given in Annex A.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST ISO 16000-36:2019
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
In accordance with ISO 16000-9:2006, 8.1:
— the test temperature and acceptable range of variation shall be (23 ± 2) °C;
— the test humidity and acceptable range of variation shall be (50 ± 5) %.
In addition, the test may be performed under other conditions. These conditions shall be documented.
After each test, the interior space of the test chamber is decontaminated using an UV lamp, 70 % ethanol
(5.1.12) or adopting other decontamination methods in order to prevent contamination after a test.
5.1.2 Nebulizer.
The nebulizer shall be capable of nebulizing culture medium into particles (0,05 µm to 5 µm) to produce,
as far as possible, individual bacterial particles. It typically comprises a pump to generate a defined air
pressure to nebulize, a clean air supplying unit and a dehumidifier to remove excess water from the
generated culture medium.
5.1.3 Impactor for sampling of bacteria.
The impaction method described in this document is only applicable for relatively low concentrations of
3
culturable bacteria and small chambers, e.g. 8 m .
The initial concentration shall be below the upper detection limit of the sampling method. For
impaction with a 300 holes sampler and a samp
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16000-36
First edition
2018-10
Corrected version
2019-03
Indoor air —
Part 36:
Standard method for assessing the
reduction rate of culturable airborne
bacteria by air purifiers using a test
chamber
Air intérieur —
Partie 36: Méthode normalisée d'évaluation du taux d'abattement
de bactéries cultivables aéroportées par des purificateurs d'air en
utilisant une chambre d'essai
Reference number
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
©
ISO 2018
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus and materials. 2
5.1 Apparatus . 2
5.2 Materials . 5
5.2.1 Test bacteria . 5
5.2.2 Culture media and reagents . 5
6 Preparation of the stock cultures and working cultures of the test bacteria .6
6.1 Preparation and maintenance of stock culture . 6
6.2 Preparation and maintenance of working cultures of the test bacteria on agar plates . 6
6.3 Preparation of working culture suspensions . 6
7 Procedures . 6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Step 1 — Measurement of the concentration of culturable test bacteria, c , without
i
operating the air purifier . 7
7.2.1 General. 7
7.2.2 Preparation of the air purifier and the test chamber . 7
7.2.3 Measurement of bacterial background concentration in the test chamber . 7
7.2.4 Nebulizing test bacterial suspension . 7
7.2.5 Measurement of the initial concentration of culturable bacteria inside the
test chamber after nebulizing . 7
7.2.6 Measurement of the concentration of culturable bacteria inside the test
chamber after a defined time . 8
7.2.7 Post-test actions . 8
7.3 Step 2 — Measurement of the concentration of culturable test bacteria, c , after
t
operating the air purifier . 8
8 Calculation and expression of results . 8
8.1 Calculation of the concentration of airborne culturable bacteria . 8
8.2 Conditions for a valid test . 9
8.3 Reduction rate of bacteria . 9
9 Test report . 9
10 Quality assurance .10
Annex A (informative) Test chamber .11
Annex B (informative) Natural decay rate according to the operating mode of air purifier .14
Annex C (informative) Homogeneity of airborne culturable bacteria in the test chamber .16
Bibliography .17
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6,
Indoor air.
A list of all parts in the ISO 16000 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
This corrected version of ISO 16000-36:2018 incorporates the following corrections:
3 3 9 9
— In 6.3, the values 1,0 × 10 to 3,5 × 10 have been changed to 1,0 × 10 to 9,0 × 10 ;
3 3 4 4
— In 7.2.5, the values 1,0 × 10 and 3,2 × 10 have been changed to 1,0 × 10 and 3,2 × 10 ;
3 3 4 4
— In 8.2, the values 1,0 × 10 to 3,2 × 10 have been changed to 1,0 × 10 to 3,2 × 10 .
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
Introduction
An indoor microbial environment is important to the health of occupants, particularly with regard to
increased time spent indoors.
Air purifiers are used to reduce the concentration of microorganisms in indoor air.
The efficiency of such air purifiers to reduce airborne microorganisms can be investigated in test
chambers at constant temperature and relative air humidity.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
Indoor air —
Part 36:
Standard method for assessing the reduction rate of
culturable airborne bacteria by air purifiers using a test
chamber
WARNING — The test given in this document shall be performed by expert staff trained and
certified to handle microorganism-related techniques. The test bacterium Staphylococcus aureus
is a facultative pathogen for human and animals. National and international safety procedures
for working with infectious biomaterials shall be followed to prevent any contamination of
apparatus, working place or environment. The examination and preparation of the cultures
should be carried out in a microbiological safety cabinet class II.
1 Scope
This document specifies a method to evaluate the capacity of air purifiers to reduce the concentration
of airborne culturable bacteria.
The test is applicable to air purifiers commonly used in single room spaces.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 16000-9:2006, Indoor air — Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from
building products and furnishing — Emission test chamber method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
air purifier
electrically-powered device that is basically built of a fan and a set of components possessing the ability
to capture and/or (partially or totally) destroy air pollutants
3.2
colony forming unit
cfu
unit by which the number of culturable bacteria (3.3) is expressed
[SOURCE: EN 13098:2000, modified]
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
3.3
bacteria
procaryotic, single-celled, microscopic organism with peptidoglycan cell wall
3.4
background concentration
concentration of culturable airborne bacteria (3.3) inside the test chamber prior to testing
3.5
natural decay rate
reduction rate of culturable bacteria (3.3), which is measured by comparing the concentration of
bacteria immediately after nebulizing a bacterial suspension inside the chamber with the concentration
counted after a defined time (testing time) without running the air purifier (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: Natural decay rate is expressed in per cent.
3.6
bacterial reduction rate
reduction rate of culturable bacteria (3.3), which is measured by comparing the concentration of
bacteria immediately after nebulizing a bacterial suspension inside the chamber with the concentration
counted after a defined running time (testing time) of the air purifier (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: Bacterial reduction rate is expressed in per cent.
3.7
impaction
sampling of airborne culturable bacteria (3.3) by inertial separation on a solid agar surface
4 Principle
The efficiency of air purifiers is tested using nebulized bacterial suspensions inside a test chamber at
constant temperature and relative air humidity. The efficiency is calculated by the reduction rate of
culturable airborne bacteria in a defined period of time, considering homogeneity and natural decay
rate of the bacteria.
5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Apparatus
5.1.1 Test chamber.
The chamber shall be made from suitable material, i.e. one that emits minimal pollutant is corrosion
proof, such as stainless steel. It shall maintain sufficient airtight capacity.
The volume of the chamber should reflect the later application of the air purifier. The minimum volume
3 3 3
shall not be below be 8 m and is typically between 15 m and 30 m .
Install a HEPA filter unit for cleaning air by removing particles, an air conditioning unit to control the
temperature and humidity, and a system to decontaminate the air inside the test chamber. Particularly
for larger test chambers, a fan is needed for homogenous distribution of the bacteria.
The test environment shall be kept clean and free from microbial contamination. It shall have a suitable
environmental control system to maintain a constant temperature and humidity. To achieve this, the
test chamber should include the following:
— a system capable of removing contamination and maintaining aseptic condition inside the chamber,
such as an UV lamp;
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
— a facility to transfer items into and out of the chamber without cross-contamination (this can include
a special system, such as a glove box);
— a facility to control power inside the chamber from outside;
— a facility to generate an aerosol of test bacteria inside the chamber and to ensure its homogeneity
(this can be achieved by using a spray inlet through which bacteria are nebulised connected to a
spray nozzle in the chamber, with a fan to ensure homogeneous distribution of the bacteria inside
the chamber);
— an air conditioning system inside the chamber capable of controlling temperature and relative
humidity in a stable and precise manner; the air conditioning system shall be switched off during
the test;
— a facility to use negative pressure air flow to flush the chamber post-testing;
— an indicator to display main environmental factors of the test, including flow rate, temperature and
relative humidity;
— a filter to prevent contamination from the outside during ventilation.
A test system using a test chamber is shown in Figure 1.
Key
1 air purifier 6 dehumidifier
2 air intake of air purifier 7 nebulizer
3 3A, 3B, 3C position of impactors 8 filter (to supply clean air)
4 stand for the air purifier 9 pressure pump
5 the inlet of spray 10 test chamber
Figure 1 — Schematic diagram of test system using a test chamber
Example photos of a test chamber are given in Annex A.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 16000-36:2018(E)
In accordance with ISO 16000-9:2006, 8.1:
— the test temperature and acceptable range of variation shall be (23 ± 2) °C;
— the test humidity and acceptable range of variation shall be (50 ± 5) %.
In addition, the test may be performed under other conditions. These conditions shall be documented.
After each test, the interior space of the test chamber is decontaminated using an UV lamp, 70 % ethanol
(5.1.12) or adopting other decontamination methods in order to prevent contamination after a test.
5.1.2 Nebulizer.
The nebulizer shall be capable of nebulizing culture medium into particles (0,05 µm to 5 µm) to produce,
as far as possible, individual bacterial particles. It typically comprises a pump to generate a defined air
pressure to nebulize, a clean air supplying unit and a dehumidifier to remove excess water from the
generated culture medium.
5.1.3 Impactor for sampling of bacteria.
The impaction method described in this document is only applicable for relatively low concentrations of
3
culturable bacteria and small chambers, e.g. 8 m .
The initial concentration shall be below the upper detection limit of the sampling method. For
impaction with a 300 holes sampler and a sampling volume of 100 l or 50 l, the upper detection limit is
4 3 4 3
approximately 1,6 × 10 cfu/m or approximately 3,2 × 10 cfu/m , respectively (299 of 300 possible
colonies).
5.1.4 Stand, to position the impactor at the sampling height needed.
5.1.5 Autoclave, thermostatically controlled at (121 ± 3) °C and a pressure of (103 ± 5) kPa.
5.1.6 Incubator, thermostatically controlled at (36 ± 2) °C.
5.1.7 Deep freezer, thermostatically controlled at (–70 ± 10) °C.
5.1.8 Microbiological safety cabinet class II.
5.1.9 Balance, capable
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 16000-36
Première édition
2018-10
Version corrigée
2019-03
Air intérieur —
Partie 36:
Méthode normalisée d'évaluation
du taux d'abattement de bactéries
cultivables aéroportées par des
purificateurs d'air en utilisant une
chambre d'essai
Indoor air —
Part 36: Standard method for assessing the reduction rate of
culturable airborne bacteria by air purifiers using a test chamber
Numéro de référence
ISO 16000-36:2018(F)
©
ISO 2018
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 16000-36:2018(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2018
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
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Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2018 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 16000-36:2018(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Principe . 2
5 Appareillage et matériel . 2
5.1 Appareillage. 2
5.2 Matériel . 5
5.2.1 Bactéries pour essai . 5
5.2.2 Milieux de culture et réactifs . 5
6 Préparation des cultures mères et des cultures de travail des bactéries pour essai .6
6.1 Préparation et conservation de la culture mère. 6
6.2 Préparation et conservation des cultures de travail des bactéries pour essai sur
des boîtes de gélose . 7
6.3 Préparation de suspensions de cultures de travail . 7
7 Modes opératoires . 7
7.1 Généralités . 7
7.2 Étape 1 — Mesurage de la concentration de bactéries pour essai cultivables, c ,
i
avec le purificateur d’air à l’arrêt . 7
7.2.1 Généralités . 7
7.2.2 Préparation du purificateur d’air et de la chambre d’essai. 7
7.2.3 Mesurage de la concentration bactérienne de fond dans la chambre d’essai . 8
7.2.4 Nébulisation de la suspension bactérienne pour essai . 8
7.2.5 Mesurage de la concentration initiale de bactéries cultivables à l’intérieur
de la chambre après nébulisation . 8
7.2.6 Mesurage de la concentration de bactéries cultivables à l’intérieur de la
chambre d’essai au bout d’un temps donné . 9
7.2.7 Actions à entreprendre à l’issue de l’essai . 9
7.3 Étape 2 — Mesurage de la concentration de bactéries pour essai cultivables, c ,
t
après fonctionnement du purificateur d’air . 9
8 Calcul et expression des résultats . 9
8.1 Calcul de la concentration de bactéries cultivables aéroportées . 9
8.2 Conditions de validité de l’essai .10
8.3 Taux d’abattement des bactéries .10
9 Rapport d'essai .10
10 Assurance qualité .11
Annexe A (informative) Chambre d'essai .12
Annexe B (informative) Taux de décomposition naturelle en fonction du mode de
fonctionnement du purificateur d’air .15
Annexe C (informative) Homogénéité des bactéries cultivables aéroportées dans la
chambre d’essai .17
Bibliographie .19
© ISO 2018 – Tous droits réservés iii
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ISO 16000-36:2018(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www
.iso .org/directives).
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www .iso .org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion
de l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: www .iso .org/iso/fr/avant -propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 146, Qualité de l’air, sous-comité SC 6,
Air intérieur.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 16000 se trouve sur le site Web de l’ISO.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes
se trouve à l’adresse www .iso .org/fr/members .html.
La présente version corrigée de l'ISO 16000-36:2018 inclut les corrections suivantes:
3 3 9 9
— En 6.3, les valeurs 1,0 × 10 à 3,5 × 10 ont été remplacées par 1,0 × 10 à 9,0 × 10 ;
3 3 4 4
— En 7.2.5, les valeurs 1,0 × 10 et 3,2 × 10 ont été remplacées par 1,0 × 10 et 3,2 × 10 ;
3 3 4 4
— En 8.2, les valeurs 1,0 × 10 à 3,2 × 10 ont été remplacées par 1,0 × 10 à 3,2 × 10 .
iv © ISO 2018 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 16000-36:2018(F)
Introduction
L’environnement microbien intérieur est important pour la santé des occupants, notamment au vu du
temps de plus en plus long passé à l'intérieur.
Les purificateurs d’air sont utilisés pour réduire la concentration des microorganismes dans l’air
intérieur.
L’efficacité de ces purificateurs d’air en matière d’abattement des microorganismes aéroportés peut
être examinée dans des chambres d’essai à température et humidité relative de l'air constantes.
© ISO 2018 – Tous droits réservés v
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 16000-36:2018(F)
Air intérieur —
Partie 36:
Méthode normalisée d'évaluation du taux d'abattement
de bactéries cultivables aéroportées par des purificateurs
d'air en utilisant une chambre d'essai
AVERTISSEMENT — L’essai décrit dans le présent document doit être réalisé par du personnel
expert, formé et qualifié aux techniques microbiologiques. La bactérie d’essai, Staphylococcus
aureus, est une bactérie facultative pathogène pour l’homme et les animaux. Les consignes de
sécurité nationales et internationales concernant les travaux réalisés avec des biomatériaux
infectieux doivent être respectés pour prévenir toute contamination des appareils, du poste de
travail ou de l’environnement. Il convient de réaliser l’examen et la préparation des cultures
dans un poste de sécurité microbiologique de classe II.
1 Domaine d'application
Le présent document spécifie une méthode d'évaluation de la capacité des purificateurs d’air à réduire
la concentration de bactéries cultivables aéroportées.
Cet essai s’applique aux purificateurs d’air couramment utilisés dans des espaces ne comportant qu'une
seule pièce.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants cités dans le texte constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur contenu, des
exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour les
références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 3696, Eau pour laboratoire à usage analytique — Spécification et méthodes d’essai
ISO 16000-9:2006, Air intérieur — Partie 9: Dosage de l’émission de composés organiques volatils de
produits de construction et d’objets d’équipement — Méthode de la chambre d’essai d’émission
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
L'ISO et l'IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l'adresse http: //www .iso .org/obp.
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l'adresse http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
purificateur d’air
dispositif électrique composé principalement d’un ventilateur et d’un ensemble de composants ayant la
capacité de capturer et/ou de détruire (partiellement ou en totalité) les polluants de l’air
© ISO 2018 – Tous droits réservés 1
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ISO 16000-36:2018(F)
3.2
unité formant colonie
ufc
unité dans laquelle est exprimé le nombre de bactéries (3.3) cultivables
[SOURCE: EN 13098:2000, modifiée]
3.3
bactérie
organisme microscopique procaryote, unicellulaire, à paroi constituée de peptidoglycane
3.4
concentration de fond
concentration de bactéries (3.3) cultivables aéroportées à l’intérieur de la chambre d’essai avant l’essai
3.5
taux de décomposition naturelle
taux d’abattement de bactéries (3.3) cultivables, mesuré en comparant la concentration de bactéries
aussitôt après la nébulisation d’une suspension bactérienne à l’intérieur de la chambre à la concentration
relevée après un laps de temps défini (durée d’essai), le purificateur d’air (3.1) étant à l’arrêt
Note 1 à l'article: Le taux de décomposition naturelle est exprimé en pourcentage.
3.6
taux d’abattement bactérien
taux d’abattement de bactéries (3.3) cultivables, mesuré en comparant la concentration de bactéries
aussitôt après la nébulisation d’une suspension bactérienne à l’intérieur de la chambre) à la concentration
relevée après une durée de fonctionnement (durée d’essai) donnée du purificateur d’air (3.1)
Note 1 à l'article: Le taux d’abattement bactérien est exprimé en pourcentage.
3.7
impaction
échantillonnage de bactéries (3.3) cultivables aéroportées par séparation inertielle sur une surface
solide de gélose
4 Principe
L’efficacité des purificateurs d’air est évaluée en utilisant des suspensions bactériennes nébulisées dans
une chambre d’essai à température et humidité relative de l'air constantes. L’efficacité est calculée à
partir du taux d’abattement des bactéries cultivables aéroportées sur une période de temps donnée, en
tenant compte de l’homogénéité et du taux de décomposition naturelle des bactéries.
5 Appareillage et matériel
5.1 Appareillage
5.1.1 Chambre d’essai
La chambre d’essai doit être fabriquée dans un matériau approprié, c’est-à-dire émettant un minimum
de polluants, résistant à la corrosion, comme l’acier inoxydable. Elle doit conserver une capacité
d’étanchéité à l’air suffisante.
Il convient que le volume de la chambre corresponde à l'application future du purificateur d’air. Le
3 3 3
volume minimal ne doit pas être inférieur à 8 m et se situe habituellement entre 15 m et 30 m .
Installer un filtre HEPA de purification de l'air pour ôter les particules, une unité de conditionnement de
l’air pour réguler la température et l'humidité et un système de décontamination de l’air de la chambre
2 © ISO 2018 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 16000-36:2018(F)
d’essai. En ce qui concerne notamment les chambres d’essai plus grandes, un ventilateur s’avère
nécessaire pour une répartition homogène des bactéries.
L’environnement d’essai doit être maintenu dans un bon état de propreté et être exempt de
contamination microbienne. Il doit être équipé d’un système de contrôle de l’environnement approprié
pour maintenir une température et une humidité constantes. Pour ce faire, il convient que la chambre
d’essai comporte:
— un système capable d’éliminer la contamination et de maintenir des conditions d'asepsie dans la
chambre, par exemple une lampe à UV;
— un dispositif permettant le transfert des objets dans et hors de la chambre sans contamination
croisée (celui-ci peut comporter un dispositif spécial tel qu’une boîte à gants);
— un dispositif permettant de contrôler l’alimentation électrique dans la chambre depuis l’extérieur;
— un dispositif permettant de générer un aérosol de bactéries pour essai à l’intérieur de la chambre et
de garantir son homogénéité (ce résultat peut être obtenu en utilisant un orifice de vaporisation à
travers lequel les bactéries sont nébulisées, relié à une buse de vaporisation dans la chambre, et un
ventilateur pour garantir une répartition homogène des bactéries dans la chambre);
— un système de conditionnement d’air à l'intérieur de la chambre, à même de contrôler la température
et l’humidité relative de façon stable et précise; le système de conditionnement d’air doit être à
l’arrêt pendant l’essai;
— un dispositif permettant d’utiliser un débit d’air à pression négative pour procéder au nettoyage de
la chambre après l’essai;
— un indicateur permettant d’afficher les principaux facteurs environnementaux de l’essai, y compris
le débit, la température et l’humidité relative;
— un filtre permettant de prévenir, pendant la ventilation, une contamination venant de l’extérieur.
Un dispositif d’essai avec chambre d’essai est présenté à la Figure 1.
© ISO 2018 – Tous droits réservés 3
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ISO 16000-36:2018(F)
Légende
1 purificateur d’air 6 déshumidificateur
2 prise d’air du purificateur 7 nébuliseur
3 3A, 3B, 3C position des impacteurs 8 filtre (pour délivrer un air purifié)
4 support du purificateur d’air 9 pompe à pression
5 orifice de vaporisation 10 chambre d’essai
Figure 1 — Représentation schématique d’un dispositif d’essai avec chambre d’essai
Des photos d’exemples de chambres d’essai sont fournies à l’Annexe A.
Conformément à l’ISO 16000-9:2006, 8.1:
— la température d'essai et la plage de variation acceptable doivent être de (23 ± 2) °C;
— l’humidité d’essai et la plage de variation acceptable doivent être de (50 ± 5) %.
En outre, l’essai peut être réalisé dans d’autres conditions. Ces conditions doivent être documentées.
À l’issue de chaque essai, décontaminer l’espace intérieur de la chambre d’essai en utilisant une lampe
à UV ou de l’éthanol à 70% (5.1.12), ou en adoptant d’autres méthodes de décontamination afin de
prévenir toute contamination après essai.
5.1.2 Nébuliseur
Le nébuliseur doit pouvoir nébuliser un milieu de culture en particules (de 0,05 µm à 5 µm) pour
produire, dans la mesure du possible, des particules bactériennes isolées. De façon générale, il comporte
une pompe pour générer une pression d’air donnée en vue de la nébulisation, une unité d’alimentation
en air purifié et un déshumidificateur pour retirer l’eau en excès du milieu de culture généré.
5.1.3 Impacteur pour l’échantillonnage des bactéries
La méthode d’impaction décrite dans le présent document n’est applicable que pour des concentrations
3
relativement faibles de bactéries cultivables et pour des chambres de petit volume, par exemple de 8 m .
4 © ISO 2018 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 16000-36:2018(F)
La concentration initiale doit être inférieure à la limite de détection supérieure de la méthode
d’échantillonnage. Pour une impaction avec un échantillonneur à 300 orifices et un volume
4 3
d’échantillonnage de 100 l ou de 50 l, la limite de détection supérieure est d’environ 1,6 x 10 ufc/m ou
4 3
d’environ 3,2 x 10 ufc/m , respectivement (299 sur 300 colonies possibles).
5.1.4 Support pour placer l'impacteur à la hauteur d’échantillonnage nécessaire.
5.1.5 Autoclave, à régulation thermostatique, réglé à (121 ± 3) °C et à une pression de (103 ± 5) kPa.
5.1.6 Étuve, à régulation thermostatique, réglée à (36 + 2) °C.
5.1.7 Congélateur, à régulation thermostatique, réglé à (–70 ± 10) °C.
5.1.8 Poste de sécurité microbiologique de classe II.
5.1.9 Balance, pouvant peser à ± 0,01 g près.
5.1.10 Anse d’ensemencement, boucle de 4 mm de diamètre, stérile.
5.1.11 Boîtes de Pétri, ventilées, stériles, d’un diamètre de 9
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018
01-september-2018
[Not translated]
Indoor air - Part 36: Standard method for assessing the reduction rate of culturable
airborne bacteria by air purifiers using a test chamber
Air intérieur - Partie 36: Méthode normalisée d'évaluation du taux de réduction des
bactéries cultivables en suspension par des purificateurs d'air en utilisant une chambre
d'essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/FDIS 16000-36
ICS:
13.040.20 Kakovost okoljskega zraka Ambient atmospheres
kSIST ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
kSIST ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
kSIST ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 16000-36
ISO/TC 146/SC 6
Indoor air —
Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on:
Part 36:
2018-06-29
Standard method for assessing the
Voting terminates on:
reduction rate of culturable airborne
2018-08-24
bacteria by air purifiers using a test
chamber
Air intérieur —
Partie 36: Méthode normalisée d'évaluation du taux de réduction
des bactéries cultivables en suspension par des purificateurs d'air en
utilisant une chambre d'essai
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2018
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
kSIST ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018
ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
kSIST ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018
ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus and materials . 2
5.1 Apparatus . 2
5.2 Materials . 5
5.2.1 Test bacteria .5
5.2.2 Culture media and reagents.5
6 Preparation of the stock cultures and working cultures of the test bacteria . 6
6.1 Preparation and maintenance of stock culture .6
6.2 Preparation and maintenance of working cultures of the test bacteria on agar plates .6
6.3 Preparation of working culture suspensions .6
7 Procedures . 6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Step 1 — Measurement of the concentration of culturable test bacteria, c , without
i
operating the air purifier .7
7.2.1 General. 7
7.2.2 Preparation of the air purifier and the test chamber .7
7.2.3 Measurement of bacterial background concentration in the test chamber .7
7.2.4 Nebulizing test bacterial suspension .7
7.2.5 Measurement of the initial concentration of culturable bacteria inside the
test chamber after nebulizing .7
7.2.6 Measurement of the concentration of culturable bacteria inside the test
chamber after a defined time .8
7.2.7 Post-test actions .8
7.3 Step 2 — Measurement of the concentration of culturable test bacteria, c , after
t
operating the air purifier .8
8 Calculation and expression of results . 8
8.1 Calculation of the concentration of airborne culturable bacteria .8
8.2 Conditions for a valid test .9
8.3 Reduction rate of bacteria .9
9 Test report . 9
10 Quality assurance .10
Annex A (informative) Test chamber .11
Annex B (informative) Natural decay rate according to the operating mode of air purifier .14
Annex C (informative) Homogeneity of airborne culturable bacteria in the test chamber .16
Bibliography .17
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved iii
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kSIST ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018
ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6,
Indoor air.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
A list of all parts in the ISO 16000 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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kSIST ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018
ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018(E)
Introduction
An indoor microbial environment is important to the health of occupants, particularly with regard to
increased time spent indoors.
Air purifiers are used to reduce the concentration of microorganisms in indoor air.
The efficiency of such air purifiers to reduce airborne microorganisms can be investigated in test
chambers at constant temperature and relative air humidity.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved v
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kSIST ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018
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kSIST ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 16000-36:2018(E)
Indoor air —
Part 36:
Standard method for assessing the reduction rate of
culturable airborne bacteria by air purifiers using a test
chamber
WARNING — The test given in this document shall be performed by expert staff trained and
certified to handle microorganism-related techniques. The test bacterium Staphylococcus aureus
is a facultative pathogen for human and animals. National and international safety procedures
for working with infectious biomaterials shall be followed to prevent any contamination of
apparatus, working place or environment. The examination and preparation of the cultures
should be carried out in a microbiological safety cabinet class II.
1 Scope
This document specifies a method to evaluate the capacity of air purifiers to reduce the concentration
of airborne culturable bacteria.
The test is applicable to air purifiers commonly used in single room spaces.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 16000-9:2006, Indoor air — Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from
building products and furnishing — Emission test chamber method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
air purifier
electrically-powered device that is basically built of a fan and a set of components possessing the ability
to capture and/or (partially or totally) destroy air pollutants
3.2
colony forming unit
cfu
unit by which the number of culturable bacteria (3.3) is expressed
[SOURCE: EN 13098:2000, modified]
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3.3
bacteria
procaryotic, single-celled, microscopic organism with peptidoglycan cell wall
3.4
background concentration
concentration of culturable airborne bacteria (3.3) inside the test chamber prior to testing
3.5
natural decay rate
reduction rate of culturable bacteria (3.3), which is measured by comparing the concentration of
bacteria immediately after nebulizing a bacterial suspension inside the chamber with the concentration
counted after a defined time (testing time) without running the air purifier (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: Natural decay rate is expressed in per cent.
3.6
bacterial reduction rate
reduction rate of culturable bacteria (3.3), which is measured by comparing the concentration of
bacteria immediately after nebulizing a bacterial suspension inside the chamber with the concentration
counted after a defined running time (testing time) of the air purifier (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: Bacterial reduction rate is expressed in per cent.
3.7
impaction
sampling of airborne culturable bacteria (3.3) by inertial separation on a solid agar surface
4 Principle
The efficiency of air purifiers is tested using nebulized bacterial suspensions inside a test chamber at
constant temperature and relative air humidity. The efficiency is calculated by the reduction rate of
culturable airborne bacteria in a defined period of time, considering homogeneity and natural decay
rate of the bacteria.
5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Apparatus
5.1.1 Test chamber.
The chamber shall be made from suitable material, i.e. one that emits minimal pollutant is corrosion
proof, such as stainless steel. It shall maintain sufficient airtight capacity.
The volume of the chamber should reflect the later application of the air purifier. The minimum volume
3 3 3
shall not be below be 8 m and is typically between 15 m and 30 m .
Install a HEPA filter unit for cleaning air by removing particles, an air conditioning unit to control the
temperature and humidity, and a system to decontaminate the air inside the test chamber. Particularly
for larger test chambers, a fan is needed for homogenous distribution of the bacteria.
The test environment shall be kept clean and free from microbial contamination. It shall have a suitable
environmental control system to maintain a constant temperature and humidity. To achieve this, the
test chamber should include the following:
— a system capable of removing contamination and maintaining aseptic condition inside the chamber,
such as an UV lamp;
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— a facility to transfer items into and out of the chamber without cross-contamination (this can include
a special system, such as a glove box);
— a facility to control power inside the chamber from outside;
— a facility to generate an aerosol of test bacteria inside the chamber and to ensure its homogeneity
(this can be achieved by using a spray inlet through which bacteria are nebulised connected to a
spray nozzle in the chamber, with a fan to ensure homogeneous distribution of the bacteria inside
the chamber);
— an air conditioning system inside the chamber capable of controlling temperature and relative
humidity in a stable and precise manner; the air conditioning system shall be switched off during
the test;
— a facility to use negative pressure air flow to flush the chamber post-testing;
— an indicator to display main environmental factors of the test, including flow rate, temperature and
relative humidity;
— a filter to prevent contamination from the outside during ventilation.
A test system using a test chamber is shown in Figure 1.
Key
1 air purifier 6 dehumidifier
2 air intake of air purifier 7 nebulizer
3 3A, 3B, 3C position of impactors 8 filter (to supply clean air)
4 stand for the air purifier 9 pressure pump
5 the inlet of spray 10 test chamber
Figure 1 — Schematic diagram of test system using a test chamber
Example photos of a test chamber are given in Annex A.
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In accordance with ISO 16000-9:2006, 8.1:
— the test temperature and acceptable range of variation shall be (23 ± 2) °C;
— the test humidity and acceptable range of variation shall be (50 ± 5) %.
In addition, the test may be performed under other conditions. These conditions shall be documented.
After each test, the interior space of the test chamber is decontaminated using an UV lamp, 70 % ethanol
(5.1.12) or adopting other decontamination methods in order to prevent contamination after a test.
5.1.2 Nebulizer.
The nebulizer shall be capable of nebulizing culture medium into particles (0,05 µm to 5 µm) to produce,
as far as possible, individual bacterial particles. It typically comprises a pump to generate a defined air
pressure to nebulize, a clean air supplying unit and a dehumidifier to remove excess water from the
generated culture medium.
5.1.3 Impactor for sampling of bacteria.
The impaction method described in this document is only applicable for relatively low concentrations of
3
culturable bacteria and small chambers, e.g. 8 m .
The initial concentration shall be below the upper detection limit of the sampling method. For
impaction with a 300 holes sampler and a sampling volume of 100 l or 50 l, the upper detection limit is
4 3 4 3
approximately 1,6 × 10 cfu/m or approximately 3,2 × 10 cfu/m , respectively (299 of 300 possible
colonies).
5.1.4 Stand, to position the impactor at the sampling height needed.
5.1.5 Autoclave, thermostatically controlled at (121 ± 3) °C and a pres
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