SIST EN 14581:2005
(Main)Natural stone test methods - Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient
Natural stone test methods - Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient
This document specifies two methods to determine the linear thermal expansion coefficient of natural stone, respectively based on mechanical length-change measurements (Method A) or on the use of bonded electric strain gauges (Method B).
Prüfverfahren für Naturstein - Bestimmung des linearen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten
Dieses Dokument Norm legt zwei Verfahren zur Bestimmung des linearen thermischen Ausdehnungs-
koeffizienten von Naturstein, die auf mechanischen Messungen der Längenänderung (Verfahren A) oder auf
der Verwendung von angeklebten elektrischen Dehnungsmessstreifen (Verfahren B) basieren, fest.
Méthodes d'essai pour pierres naturelles - Détermination du coefficient linéaire de dilatation thermique
Le présent document décrit les méthodes de détermination du coefficient linéaire de dilatation thermique des pierres naturelles, basé soit sur des mesures mécaniques de variations de longueur (Méthode A) soit a partir de jauges électriques (Méthode B).
Preskušanje naravnega kamna – Ugotavljanje odpornosti linearnega toplotnega razteznostnega koeficienta
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Preskušanje naravnega kamna – Ugotavljanje odpornosti linearnega toplotnega razteznostnega koeficientaPrüfverfahren für Naturstein - Bestimmung des linearen thermischen AusdehnungskoeffizientenMéthodes d'essai pour pierres naturelles - Détermination du coefficient linéaire de dilatation thermiqueNatural stone test methods - Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient91.100.15Mineralni materiali in izdelkiMineral materials and products73.020Rudarstvo in kamnolomsko izkopavanjeMining and quarryingICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14581:2004SIST EN 14581:2005en01-marec-2005SIST EN 14581:2005SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 14581:2005
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14581December 2004ICS 73.020; 91.100.15English versionNatural stone test methods - Determination of linear thermalexpansion coefficientMéthodes d'essai pour pierres naturelles - Déterminationdu coefficient linéaire de dilatation thermiquePrüfverfahren für Naturstein - Bestimmung des linearenthermischen AusdehnungskoeffizientenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 November 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14581:2004: ESIST EN 14581:2005
EN 14581:2004 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Principle.5 4 Symbols.5 5 Apparatus.6 6 Preparation of the specimens.8 7 Test procedure.10 8 Expression of results.11 9 Test report.12 Bibliography.13
SIST EN 14581:2005
EN 14581:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14581:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2005. This final draft document is one of the series of documents for tests on natural stone. Test methods for natural stone consist of the following parts: EN 1925, Natural stone test methods – Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarity EN 1926, Natural stone test methods – Determination of compressive strength
EN 1936 , Natural stone test methods – Determination of real density and apparent density and of total and open porosity EN 12370, Natural stone test methods – Determination of resistance to salt crystallisation EN 12372, Natural stone test methods – Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load EN 12407, Natural stone test methods – Petrographic examination
EN 13161, Natural stone test methods – Determination of flexural strength under constant moment EN 13364, Natural stone test methods – Determination of the breaking load at dowel hole EN 13373, Natural stone test methods – Determination of geometric characteristics on units EN 13755, Natural stone test methods – Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure EN 13919, Natural stone test methods – Determination of resistance to ageing by SO2 action in the presence of humidity EN 14066, Natural stone test methods – Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock
EN 14147, Natural stone test methods – Determination of resistance to ageing by salt mist
EN 14158, Natural stone test methods – Determination of rupture energy EN 14205, Natural stone test methods – Determination of Knoop hardness EN 14231, Natural stone test methods – Determination of the slip resistance by means of the pendulum tester EN 14157, Natural stone test methods – Determination of the abrasion resistance EN 14579, Natural stone test methods – Determination of sound speed propagation prEN 14580, Natural stone test methods – Determination of the static elastic modulus EN 14581, Natural stone test methods – Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient SIST EN 14581:2005
EN 14581:2004 (E) 4 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 14581:2005
EN 14581:2004 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specifies two methods to determine the linear thermal expansion coefficient of natural stone, respectively based on mechanical length-change measurements (Method A) or on the use of bonded electric strain gauges (Method B). 2 Normative references Not applicable. 3 Principle After drying to constant mass, the specimen is subjected to length measurement in a direction “i” whilst maintaining at least two different temperatures. The linear coefficient of thermal expansion between the extreme temperatures is expressed as the unitary change in length for a change of temperature of 1 °C. 4 Symbols s20l
Initial length of the specimen at a temperature of (20 ± 0,5) °C in mm. s80l
Final length of the specimen at a temperature of (80 ± 0,5) °C in mm. ()s20s80slll−=∆
Change of length of the specimen in mm. If sl∆is positive, represents an expansion. If
negative, a shrinkage (Note 1). r20l
Initial length of the reference sample at a temperature of (20 ± 0,5) °C in mm. r80l
Final length of the reference sample at a temperature of (80 ± 0,5) °C in mm. ()r20r80rlll−=∆
Change of length of the reference sample in millimetres. ∆T
(60 ± 1) °C, the change in the temperature from (20 ± 0,5) °C to (80 ± 0,5) °C. rε
Unitary linear thermal expansion of the reference sample in 10-6 (mm/mm). εsis20sll∆=
Unitary linear thermal expansion of the specimen in the direction “i” in 10-6 (mm/mm). 3s2s1s,,εεε
Unitary linear thermal expansion of the specimen along three orthogonal directions in
10-6 (mm/mm). αr
Linear coefficient of thermal expansion of the reference sample in °C-1. αi
Linear coefficient of thermal expansion of the specimen in the direction "i" in °C-1. α1, α2, α3
Linear coefficients of thermal expansion of the specimen along three orthogonal
directions, in °C-1. SIST EN 14581:2005
EN 14581:2004 (E) 6 NOTE 1 Due to rock anisotropy, the coefficient of thermal expansion can change with the direction in which the measurement is carried out. In some cases the coefficient of thermal expansion can be negative in some directions and positive in other ones. NOTE 2 The coefficient of thermal expansion is not linear with the temperatures. The temperature range in this document is (20 to 80) °C, and it will be assumed that αi is linear in this range. If the linearity of the thermal expansion coefficient need to be evaluated, intermediate measurements at different temperature will need to be made and plotted on a graph. 5 Apparatus 5.1 A ventilated oven capable of raising the temperature from (20 ± 0,2) °C to (80 ± 0,2) °C at a rate of 0,5 °C/min and maintaining temperatures within that range for at least two hours with an accuracy of at least
± 0,5 °C. 5.2 (For Method A) A mechanical measuring device (dilatometer), with an accuracy of at least 1/100 000 of the measuring length (see Figure 1), any other device able to measure length-changes within the given accuracy (e.g. electronic dilatometers). 5.3 (For Method B) A strain gauge measuring device, containing the following parts (see Figure 2): 5.3.1 Strain gauges suitable to be used within the foreseen temperature range. NOTE Strain gauges should be chosen according to their manufacturer’s specifications and test laboratory experience. Strain gauge length should be at least 8 times the maximum grain size of the rock to be tested. In the case of exce
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