IKER - Ceramics

The European Standard specifies a method to assess the sensitivity of natural stones when exposed to accidental staining. It defines a procedure for the application of the stains, the cleaning and the assessment of the surface appearance after cleaning. It also covers the possibility to assess the efficiency of a surface treatment.  Note that the method does not intend to present any de-staining technique.

This European standard describes three methods for the determination of the permanent change in dimensions on heating of dense shaped refractory products.

This document specifies a test method to assess the relative resistance of natural stones with an open porosity of greater than 5 %, measured in accordance with EN 1936, to damage caused by the crystallization of salts. The test is not necessary for low porosity stones.

This document specifies requirements and appropriate test methods for slabs and cut-to-size products of agglomerated stone which are made for use as vanity and kitchen tops, or other similar use in furnishing (e.g. splash zone).
NOTE   "Agglomerated stones" are nowadays commercially termed "engineered-stones".
This document does not cover secondary operations including site installation.

This document describes methods for verifying the geometric characteristics of products of natural stone such as rough blocks, rough slabs, finished products for cladding, flooring, stairs and modular tiles and paving units (slabs, setts and kerbs). These methods can be applied in the case of a dispute between two parties, they are not compulsory for production control.
Other measuring equipment can be used as long as their precision can be demonstrated to be equal or better than the ones mentioned here.
It is essential that all weighing, measuring and testing equipment are calibrated or retraceable to measurement standards and regularly inspected according to documented procedures, frequencies and criteria. It is important that the expression of the dimensional characteristics is in accordance with the appropriate class of the measured product.

This European Standard specifies requirements for roofing and cladding products used for assembly into coverings for wall claddings, linings and pitched roofs, made from aluminium sheet with or without additional surface treatment (organic coating or anodising).
The standard establishes general characteristics, definitions and labelling of the products, together with requirements for the materials from which the products can be manufactured. It is intended to be used either by manufacturers to ensure that their products comply with the requirements or by purchasers to verify that the products comply before they are despatched from the factory. It specifies the requirements for products which enable them to meet all normal service conditions. Products can be prefabricated or semi-formed products as well as strip, coil and sheet for on-site-formed applications (e.g. standing seam roofs).
The standard applies to all discontinuously laid and fully supported roofing and cladding products made of aluminium sheets. No requirements for supporting construction, design of roof system and execution of connections and flashings are included.
The standard does not apply to self-supporting aluminium sheets that are covered by EN 508-2.

This part of EN 508 specifies requirements for self-supporting external profiled sheets for roof covering wall cladding, lining and liner tray products for discontinuous laying made from aluminium sheet with or without surface treatment (additional organic coatings or anodising).
The standard establishes general characteristics, definitions, classifications and labelling for the products, together with requirements for the materials from which the products can be manufactured. It is intended to be used either by manufacturers to ensure that their products comply with the requirements or by purchasers to verify that the products comply before they are made available on the market before being despatched from the factory. It specifies the requirements for products which enable them to meet all normal service conditions.
The standard applies to all discontinuously laid self-supporting external profiled sheets for roof covering, wall cladding, lining and liner trays with the exception of tiles with a surface area less than 1 m2 and produced by stamping. These profiled roof sheets are designed to keep wind, rain and snow out of the building, and to transfer any resultant loads and infrequent maintenance loads to the structure.
This standard does not cover products for structural purposes, i.e. it does not cover products used in structural class III (according to EN 1999 1 4), it does not cover products used in constructions of Structural Classes I and II (according to EN 1999 1 4) intended to contribute to the global or partial stability of the building structure by providing racking resistance or resistance of permanent static loads (excluding self-weight of the metal sheet).
No requirements for supporting construction, design of roof system and execution of connections and flashings are included.

This European Standard specifies methods for making technical petrographic descriptions of natural stone, except for roofing slates. For this product, the method for the petrographic examination is defined in EN 12326-2. Although chemical and physical methods of analysis are required for petrographic classification of some stone types, these methods will not be described in this standard.

This European Standard defines the recommended terminology covering scientific and technical terms, test methods, products, and the classification of Natural Stones. This standard does not cover roofing slate, for roofing slate see EN 12326-1 and EN 12326-2.

This document specifies a test method for determining the modulus of rupture and breaking strength
of all ceramic tiles.
NOTE ISO 13006 provides property requirements for tiles and other useful information on these products.

This European Standard defines Product Category Rules (PCR) providing guidelines and rules for developing a type III EPD for ceramic tiles produced by extrusion and dry-pressing techniques, mainly used for internal and/or external floorings and walls coverings and façade cladding.
These PCR specify the calculation rules in accordance with EN 15804 for the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of ceramic tiles for developing an EPD, as well as the requirements on the background of the LCA.
These PCR:
-   define the parameters to be declared and the way in which they are collated and reported;
-   describe which stages of ceramic tiles’s life cycle are considered in the EPD and which processes are to be included in the life cycle stages;
-   defines rule for the development of scenarios;
-   include the rules for calculating the Life Cycle Inventory and the Life Cycle Impact Assessment underlying the EPD, including the specification of the data quality to be applied;
-   include the rules for reporting predetermined, environmental and health information, that is not covered by LCA for a ceramic tile, construction process and construction service where necessary;
-   define the conditions under which ceramic tiles can be compared based on the information provided by EPD (see 5.3).
The EPD developed using these PCR will contain data from the product stages (A1-A3). Optionally, the manufacturer can include all modules of the product’s life cycle stages (construction process, use, and end of life) (A4-C4), using the scenarios described in 7.3 when primary data are not available. The results of these stages shall be shown individually (without being added together).
Therefore, these PCR cover:
-   EPD cradle-to-gate (only the product stage is considered);
-   EPD cradle-to-grave (the whole life cycle of ceramic tiles is considered). In these type of EPD module D may be included.
After verification an EPD is valid for a 5 year period from the date of issue, after which it shall be reviewed and verified.

This Technical Report provides guidance on the principles and requirements of structural design for the safety and serviceability of the structural connection between solar energy panels (thermal or photovoltaic) that are mounted on flat or pitched roofs.
This Technical Report does not include requirements for:
-   weather tightness of the roof, solar panels and connections;
-   electrical, thermal or mechanical characteristics of the solar panels;
-   precautions against fire of the installation.

This European Standard specifies a method to assess possible alterations of natural stones (mainly visible sensitivity to oxidation processes) under the effect of sudden changes in temperature (thermal shock).

This Part of EN 993 specifies a method of determination of the cold crushing strength of dense shaped refractory products.

This Part of EN 993 specifies a method for the determination of the modulus of rupture of dense and insulating shaped refractory products at ambient temperature, under conditions of a constant rate of increase of stress.

This Part of EN 993 specifies a method for the determination of the bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity of dense shaped refractory products.
NOTE   For shaped insulating refractory products, the bulk density and true porosity are determined in accordance with EN 1094-4.

This document specifies methods for determining the dimensional characteristics (length, width,
thickness, straightness of sides, rectangularity, surface flatness) and the surface quality of ceramic tiles.
Tiles with areas less than 4 cm2 are excluded from measurements of length, width, straightness of
sides, rectangularity and surface flatness.
NOTE Spacer lugs and glaze blobs and other irregularities of the sides are intended to be ignored when
measuring length, width, straightness of sides, rectangularity, if these are subsequently hidden in the joints after
fixing (installation).

This draft European Standard specifies requirements and appropriate test methods for slabs and cut to size products (cut to size slabs, special pieces, treads and risers) of agglomerated stones, which are made for use as flooring and stairs in pedestrian areas for internal and external uses including those in enclosed public transport premises. It also provides for the evaluation of conformity and marking of the products to the requirements of this draft European Standard.
This draft European Standard covers tactility but only for products the intended use of which requires this performance.
This draft European Standard does not cover visibility requirements. Rough slabs are excluded from the scope of this draft European Standard.
Products covered by the standards EN 15285, EN 13198, EN 13748 1 and EN 13748 2 are also excluded of the scope of the present draft European Standard.

This European Standard specifies the technical requirements and establishes methods of control and test as well as acceptance conditions for fibre-cement slates and their fibre-cement fittings for one or more of the following uses:
-   roofing;
-   internal wall finishes;
-   external wall and ceiling finishes.
This European Standard applies to fibre-cement slates with a height dimension h (see Clause 4) not exceeding 850 mm for overlapping assembly. For the purpose of this European Standard, fibre-cement slates have been classified according to their bending moment.
This European Standard covers fibre-cement slates reinforced with fibres of different types as specified in 5.1.1.
This European Standard does not include calculations with regard to works, design requirements, installation techniques, wind uplift or rain proofing of the installed products.

This European Standard specifies the technical requirements and establishes methods of inspection and test as well as acceptance conditions for fibre-cement flat sheets, siding shingles and planks (referred to as sheets later in this document) for one or more of the following uses:
-   internal wall and ceiling finishes;
-   external wall and ceiling finishes.
Products covered by this European Standard can be used for other purposes provided they comply with the relevant application standard, e.g. rigid underlays.
This European Standard covers sheets reinforced with fibres of different types as specified in 5.1.1.
This European Standard does not cover sheets for fire protection purposes.
This European Standard does not include calculations with regard to works, design requirements, installation techniques, wind uplift or rain proofing of the installed sheets.

This document specifies a method for determining water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent
relative density and bulk density of ceramic tiles. This method is applicable to classification of tiles and
product specifications.

This European Standard establishes the criteria for the designation of natural stone from raw material to finished products.

This document specifies two test methods to determine the abrasion resistance of natural stones used for flooring in buildings.

This European Standard applies to all liquid-applied water impermeable products, based on polymer modified cementitious mortars, dispersions and reaction resin coatings, used beneath ceramic tiling, for external tile installations on walls and floors and in swimming pools.
This European Standard gives the terminology concerning the products and specifies the test methods and the values of performance requirements for liquid-applied water impermeable products associated with tile adhesives.
This European Standard specifies the evaluation of conformity and the classification and designation of liquid-applied water impermeable products beneath ceramic tiling.
This European Standard does not contain recommendations for the design and installation of ceramic tiles and grouts in combination with water impermeable products.
NOTE 1   Liquid-applied water impermeable products may also be used beneath other types of tiles (natural and agglomerated stones, etc.), where they do not adversely affect these materials.
NOTE 2   The user of this European Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This European Standard does not purport to address all the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate health and safety practices and to ensure compliance with any European and national regulatory conditions.

This European Standard is applicable to ceramic tile cementitious adhesives, dispersion adhesives and reaction resin adhesives for internal and external tile installations on walls and floors.
This standard gives the terminology concerning the products, working methods, application properties, etc, for ceramic tile adhesives.
This European Standard specifies the values of performance requirements for ceramic tile adhesives (cementitious, dispersion and reaction resin adhesives).
This European Standard does not provide criteria or recommendations for the design and installation of ceramic tiles.
NOTE    Ceramic tile adhesives may also be used for other types of tiles (natural and agglomerated stones, etc.), if they do not adversely affect these materials.

This part of EN 12004 describes methods for determining characteristics for adhesives used in the installation of ceramic tiles. The following test methods are described: Determination of slip, Concrete slabs for tests, Determination of shear adhesion strength of dispersion adhesives, Determination of open time, Determination of tensile adhesion strength of cementitious adhesives, Determination of transverse deformation, Determination of shear adhesion strength of reaction resin adhesives.

This European Standard specifies requirements for concrete roofing tiles and fittings for pitched roof coverings and wall cladding and lining.
Concrete roofing tiles and fittings may incorporate surface coatings and glued concrete components.
NOTE 1   Information on surface characteristics is given in Annex A.
NOTE 2   Information on the performance of roof and wall assemblies is given in Annex B.

This Technical Report applies to natural stone products intended for masonry elements, wall coverings (including tiles), interior floor and stair finishes (including tiles) and exterior floor and stair finishes (including paving), as well as massive stone elements. It provides guidance for the application and the use of natural stone products in accordance with European product standards. This document does not deal with coatings or staining problems, and does not take into account treatments which may modify the performance characteristics of the materials. This document does not apply to agglomerated stones and aggregates.

This document specifies a test method for determining the chemical resistance of ceramic tiles at room
temperature. The method is applicable to all types of ceramic tiles.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of flexural strength under a concentrated load (breaking resistance) of agglomerated stone flat products.

This European Standard defines terms and specifies characteristics for ceramic tiles produced by extrusion and dry-pressing techniques, used for internal and/or external floorings (including stairs) and walls. Furthermore, it provides the level of requirements for these characteristics and references to the test methods applied (see Note) as well as provisions for evaluation of conformity and marking.
NOTE   The series of standards EN ISO 10545 describe the test procedures required to determine most of the product characteristics listed in this European Standard. The series is divided into 16 parts, each describing a specific test procedure or related matter.
This European Standard does not cover:
-   ceramic tiles made by processes other than extrusion or dry-pressing;
-   dry-pressed unglazed ceramic tiles with water absorption greater than 10 %;
-   ceramic tiles used for floorings on external road finishes;
-   ceramic tiles used in ceiling finishes or suspended ceilings.

This European Standard applies to rooflights with a rectangular or circular ground plan (see Figures 1 and 2), with an opening span (width) or diameter not larger than 2,5 m and an opening length not larger than 3,0 m in roof pitches up to 25°. This document does not cover rooflights which contribute to the load-bearing or stiffness of the roof itself.
This European Standard applies to rooflights and rooflights with upstand, where a single manufacturer provides all components of the rooflight with upstand, which are bought in a single purchase.
This European Standard applies to rooflights with one or several translucent parts.
Rooflights may be opened by means of opening devices in one or more parts for ventilation.
The possible additional functions of day to day ventilation, smoke and heat ventilation e.g. in case of fire in accordance with EN 12101 2, roof access, and/ or slinging point e.g. in accordance with EN 795 are outside the scope of this document.
This European Standard does not include calculations with regard to construction, design requirements and installation techniques.
NOTE   Guidelines for safety, application, use and maintenance of individual rooflights are presented in Annex A.

This European Standard defines a method for the determination of the trace element concentrations of Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Ti, V and Zr in powdered and granular silicon carbide.
Dependent on element, wavelength, plasma conditions and weight, this test method is applicable for mass contents of the above trace contaminations from about 0,1 mg/kg to about 1 000 mg/kg, after evaluation also from 0,001 mg/kg to about 5 000 mg/kg.
NOTE 1 Generally for optical emission spectrometry using inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES) and electrothermal vaporisation (ETV) there is a linear working range of up to four orders of magnitude. This range can be expanded for the respective elements by variation of the weight or by choosing lines with different sensitivity.
After adequate verification, the standard is also applicable to further metallic elements (excepting Rb and Cs) and some non-metallic contaminations (like P and S) and other allied non-metallic powdered or granular materials like carbides, nitrides, graphite, soot, coke, coal, and some other oxidic materials (see [1], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9] and [10]).
NOTE 2 There is positive experience with materials like for example graphite, B4C, Si3N4, BN and several metal oxides as well as with the determination of P and S in some of these materials.

This part of ISO 10545 specifies a method for determining the resistance to stains of the proper surface
of ceramic tiles.

This European Standard specifies the technical requirements and establishes methods of control and test as well as acceptance conditions for fibre-cement profiled sheets and their fibre-cement fittings for one or more of the following uses:
-   roofing;
-   internal wall finishes;
-   external wall and ceiling finishes.
For the purpose of this European Standard, fibre-cement profiled sheets are classified according to their height of corrugation and their mechanical characteristics.
This European Standard covers fibre-cement profiled sheets reinforced with fibres of different type as specified in 5.1.1, with and without factory applied coating.
This European Standard does not include calculations with regard to works, design requirements, installation techniques, wind uplift or rain proofing of the installed sheets.
NOTE   Some of these requirements can be applied, after agreement, to curved sheets for specific applications.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for light transmitting flat multiwall polycarbonate (PC) sheets for internal and external use in walls, roofs and ceilings.
This European Standard applies to light transmitting flat extruded multiwall PC sheets with or without functional layers (e.g. coating, co-extruded layer) made from PC-based or other materials, without filling materials.
It also specifies the test methods needed for the evaluation of conformity and marking of the sheets.

This document specifies requirements for flat modular tiles of natural stone which are made for use as flooring, stairs, cladding and ceiling finishes. It does not cover mineral aggregates and artificial agglomerated stone material and does not cover installation.

This European Standard specifies requirements for slabs of natural stone which are made for use as cladding and ceiling finishes. It does not cover aggregates and artificially agglomerated stony material and does not cover installation for cladding.
NOTE   It does not cover roofing slates used as external cladding and slates and stone products for discontinuous roofing.

This European Standard specifies requirements for flat natural stone slabs fabricated for use as floor and stair coverings. It does not cover mineral aggregates and artificial agglomerated stone material and does not cover installation.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for light transmitting single skin profiled plastics sheets for internal and external walls, roofs and ceilings. It is applicable to single skin sheets which are used as a single layer or when assembled to form a multiple layer construction.
It also specifies the test methods and provides for the evaluation of conformity and marking of the sheets.

This part of ISO 10545 specifies rules for batching, sampling, inspection, and acceptance/rejection of ceramic tiles.

EN 12326-1 specifies requirements for slate and carbonate slate for discontinuous roofing and external cladding, as defined in 3.1, and 3.2, used for assembly into discontinuous roofing and external cladding. For the purposes of this European Standard, slates and carbonate slates have been classified. This European Standard does not apply to products for roofing or external cladding made from the following: a) stone other than those defined in 3.1 and 3.2; b) concrete; c) polymeric materials; d) fibre reinforced cement; e) metal; f) clay. This European Standard is not applicable to roofing and cladding slates used internally. This European Standard is not applicable to bonded cladding (cladding fixed with adhesives) and cladding fixed with dowels and cramps.

EN ISO 10081-4 specifies the classification and designation of dense shaped refractory products of special composition including a) oxide products, b) oxide and non-oxide products, c) non-oxide silicon carbide or carbon-based products, and d) further special products which are only designated but not classified, for example, non-oxide products, such as boride, nitride or further combinations of the series listed above.

EN 508-1 specifies requirements for self-supporting roofing, covering, wall cladding, lining, liner trays and tiles products for discontinuous laying made from metallic coated steel sheet with or without additional organic coatings. Sheets intended to be used with insulation and membranes are also covered. This European Standard establishes general characteristics, definitions, classifications and labelling for the products, together with requirements for the materials from which the products can be manufactured. It is intended to be used either by manufacturers to ensure that their products comply with the requirements or by purchasers to verify that the products comply when purchased before they are despatched from the factory. It specifies the requirements for products which enable them to meet all normal service conditions. This European Standard applies to all discontinuously laid self-supporting external profiled sheets for roofing covering, wall cladding, lining and liner trays with the exception of tiles with a surface area less than 1 m2 and produced by stamping. These profiled sheets are designed to keep wind, rain and snow out of the building and to transfer any resultant loads and infrequent maintenance loads to the structure. This European Standard does not cover products for structural purposes, i.e. it does cover products used in constructions of Class III (according to EN 1993-1-3), it does not cover products used in constructions of Classes I and II (according to EN 1993-1-3) intended to contribute to the global or partial stability of the building structure by providing racking resistance or resistance to permanent static loads (excluding self-weight of the metal sheet). No requirements for supporting construction, design of roof, cladding, lining, tile system and execution of connections and flashings are included.

EN IS0 10545-8 defines a test method for determining the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of ceramic tiles.

This European Standard specifies requirements for clay roofing tiles and fittings for pitched roof coverings and wall cladding and lining. It applies to all tiles and fittings as defined in Clause 3. Clay roofing tiles and clay fittings which conform to this European Standard are suitable for use as roof coverings, vertical wall cladding and lining. This European Standard defines the minimum requirements for a product which if satisfactory at the time of delivery will ensure that the product is able to perform its function in relation to the performance levels declared for it, whilst subjected to the changes that occur in such materials during normal conditions of use. The results obtained according to the European Standard apply to products at the time they are offered for sale.

EN 16240 specifies the requirements for light transmitting flat solid polycarbonate (PC) sheets for internal and external use in walls, roofs and ceilings. This European Standard applies to light transmitting flat extruded solid PC sheets of minimum thickness 2 mm, without or with uniform functional layers (e.g. coating, co-extruded layer) made from PC-based or other materials. It also specifies the test methods needed for the evaluation of conformity and marking of the sheets.

This European Standard specifies requirements for factory made, self-supporting, double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels, which are intended for discontinuous laying in the following applications:
a) roofs and roof cladding;
b) external walls and wall cladding;
c) walls (including partitions) and ceilings within the building envelope.
The insulating core materials covered by this European Standard are rigid polyurethane, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam, phenolic foam, cellular glass and mineral wool.
NOTE Polyurethane (PUR) includes polyisocyanurate (PIR).
Panels with edge details that utilise different materials from the main insulating core are included in this European Standard. Panels used in cold store applications are included in this European Standard. Panels, put on the market as a component of a cold storage room, building and/or building envelope kit are covered by ETA-Guideline 021 “Cold storage premises kits”.
This European Standard does not cover the following:
i. sandwich panels with a declared thermal conductivity for the insulating core greater than 0,06 W/m•K at 10 °C;
ii. products consisting of two or more clearly defined layers of different insulating core materials (multilayered);
iii. panels with perforated facing(s);
iv. curved panels.

This European Standard specifies requirements for clay roofing tiles and fittings for pitched roof coverings and wall cladding and lining. It applies to all tiles and fittings as defined in Clause 3. Clay roofing tiles and clay fittings which conform to this European Standard are suitable for use as roof coverings, vertical wall cladding and lining. This European Standard defines the minimum requirements for a product which if satisfactory at the time of delivery will ensure that the product is able to perform its function in relation to the performance levels declared for it, whilst subjected to the changes that occur in such materials during normal conditions of use. The results obtained according to the European Standard apply to products at the time they are offered for sale.

This part of ISO 1927 describes methods for the determination and measurement of the consistency of dense and insulating castables as defined in ISO 1927-1. It is applicable to all types of dense regular castables, dense deflocculated castables and insulating castables to determine the liquid addition necessary for preparing test pieces according to ISO 1927-5.