F44.10 - General

ABSTRACT
This specification covers international standards for the crew interface aspects of airworthiness and design for aircraft. The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan.
The standards address pilot/occupant compartment; flight control systems controls; cockpit controls; motion and effect of cockpit controls; cockpit control knob shape; circuit breakers and fuses; master switch arrangement; flight control augmentation and auto flight system; primary flight information displays; primary flight guidance; and communication and audio systems. Also covered in this specification are pilot alerts; warning, caution, and advisory lights or indicators; continued airworthiness and maintenance; markings and placards; and airplane flight manual and approved manual material.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers international standards for the crew interface aspects of airworthiness and design for aircraft. “Crew” includes flight crew and maintenance crew. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance.  
1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to ASTM Committee F44 web page (https://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).  
1.3 Units—This document may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers industry standards which have been determined by consensus to demonstrate compliance to the requirements (”the Rules”) for Level 1, 2, 3, 4 Normal Category Aeroplanes. It includes only standards that are considered mature enough for general application to certification projects and have been found acceptable by committee consensus to propose to the civil aviation authorities (CAAs) for acceptance as a Means of Compliance to their Rules. CAAs may accept a specific revision of this specification as an acceptable Means of Compliance (MoC) to their requirements. The applicant must seek individual guidance from their respective CAA concerning the use of this specification and any referenced Specifications, Practices, Test Methods, or Guides to show compliance to the CAA rules. Alternatively, an applicant may propose a MoC other than those included in this specification, but it is their responsibility to obtain acceptance of their proposed MoC from their CAA.
This specification covers requirements for flight (e.g., weight/mass and center of gravity, stall speed, takeoff performance, landing); structures (structural design envelope, structural design loads, flight load conditions, aeroelasticity, special factors of safety, emergency conditions); design and construction (flight control systems, landing gear systems, buoyancy for seaplanes and amphibians, occupant physical environment, fire protection); powerplant (powerplant installation, powerplant installation hazard assessment, powerplant installation ice protection, powerplant installation fire protection); equipment (systems and equipment function and safety, external and cockpit lighting, flight in icing conditions); and flight crew interface and other information (flightcrew compartment interface, instrument markings, airplane flight manual, continued airworthiness).
SCOPE
1.1 Applicability:  
1.1.1 This specification identifies the industry standards that have been determined by consensus to demonstrate compliance to the requirements (“the Rules”) for Normal Category Aeroplanes.  
1.1.2 Only standards that are considered mature enough for general application to certification projects and have been found acceptable by committee consensus to propose to the CAAs for acceptance as a Means of Compliance to their Rules are included.  
1.1.3 In the event that a particular CAA’s requirements are not harmonized with the other CAA’s requirements, the standards will be written to include the non-harmonized requirements as well as the harmonized requirements with the applicability defined in the standard.  
1.1.4 In addition to identifying the standards that have been approved by the F44 Committee, the structure of this specification follows the structure of the existing performance/objective-based rules for Normal Category aeroplanes as closely as practical. However, due to differences employed by the authorities in structuring the rules, some sections of this specification may parallel the structure of a particular authority’s rules, but not all. The intent was to structure this specification in such a way that the users could identify what standards would be applicable to specific rules with the specifications at the highest level and practices and test methods being at the next level down. Guides that support a specification or practice will be at the next level down from what they support.  
1.2 Civil Aviation Authorities:  
1.2.1 CAAs may accept a specific revision of this specification as an acceptable Means of Compliance (MoC) to their requirements. Acceptance and applicability as a MoC to the CAA’s airworthiness rules remains the decision of the respective CAAs. CAAs may accept this specification, with or without limitations as defined in their specification acceptance document. For information on which CAAs have accepted these standards (in whole or in part) as an acceptable MoC to their Rules, refer to the ASTM F44 webp...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this practice is to discuss display or functional characteristics, or both, of enhanced indications for low-speed awareness.  
4.2 The information in this practice may be used in developing enhanced indications that are part of the compliance approach for Normal Category Aeroplanes using Specification F3180/F3180M, Stall Warning, and Specification F3117/F3117M.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides methods for how Enhanced Indications are provided to the responsible crewmember when an applicant uses these indications in support of compliance with the requirements for Stall Characteristics, Stall Warning, and Spins applicable to Normal Category Aeroplanes, using Specification F3180/F3180M.  
1.2 The specific types of enhanced indications identified in Specification F3180/F3180M are as follows:    
Type  
Description  
Angle of Attack  
Angle of attack indication  
Angle of Attack  
Angle of attack indication with trend marker  
Pitch Limit  
Pitch limit indication displayed on attitude indication  
Dynamic Low-Speed Markings  
Indicated airspeed markings that change with flight condition  
Airspeed Trend  
Indicated airspeed trend marker displayed on airspeed indication  
Flight Path Marker  
Flight path marker displayed on attitude indication  
LOC Alert  
Alert issued when loss of control likely within trend window  
1.3 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable civil aviation authority (CAA) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this practice (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the ASTM Committee F44 web page (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).  
1.4 Units—This document may present information in SI units, English Engineering units, or both. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice proposes the characteristics of alerting methods, including Stall Warning Alerts.  
4.2 The Stall Warning Alerts may be used as part of the compliance approach for Stall Characteristics, Stall Warning, and Spins applicable to Normal Category Aeroplanes, using Specification F3180/F3180M, Stall Warning, while characteristics of all of the alert methods may be used to supplement Specification F3117/F3117M.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidance for how an applicant can show compliance to the requirements for Warnings, Cautions, and Advisory Indications to the responsible crewmember.  
1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable civil aviation authority (CAA)) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this practice (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the ASTM Committee F44 web page (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).  
1.3 Units—This document may present information in SI units, English Engineering units, or both; the values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides international standards for ice protection aspects of airworthiness and design for ”general aviation” aircraft. The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this standard as part of a certification plan.
The standards cover: types of aircraft operational requirements; crew external visibility (windshields and windows); ice shedding (engine inlet ice ingestion, propeller ice shedding, airframe ice shedding, ice protection system failure considerations); engine installation and induction system ice protection (propellers, turbine engines in flight, turbine engines on ground).
Also addressed in this specification are instrumentation ice protection, flight into icing conditions, aircraft not approved for flight in icing, and atmospheric icing conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers international standards for ice protection aspects of airworthiness and design for “general aviation” aircraft.  
1.2 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Aircraft Airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.  
1.3 Units—The values are stated in units common to the field of aircraft icing. Typically SI or inch-pound units are used, but in some cases this has resulted in the use of mixed units due to the historical development of these values. In cases where values are given in one system with the other system following in brackets, the values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for non-essential ice detection system aspects of airworthiness and design for aeroplanes. The term ”aeroplane” as used in this specification was originally conceived for normal category fixed wing aircraft with a certified maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of 19,000 lb or less and a passenger seating configuration up to 19 as defined in the Rules. However, these standards may be more broadly applicable, and their usage should not be unnecessarily limited. The installation of a non-essential ice detector is limited to level 1, 2, 3 and 4 Aeroplanes and normal, utility, acrobatic, or commuter category Aeroplanes. This specification prohibits the installation of a non-essential ice detector as a replacement for or modification to an existing Primary or Advisory ice detection system.
This specification covers the general requirements (product identification, operating conditions, installation manual, user's manual); functional requirements (intended function, performance, accessibility of controls, software); environmental requirements (operating temperature range, storage/survival temperature range, operating humidity range, operating altitude range, operating airspeed range, vibration, icing, deicing fluids, emissions of radiofrequency energy, electrical power input). Also covered by this specification are installation requirements, crew interface, system safety analysis, and operating limitations.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers international standards for non-essential ice detection system aspects of airworthiness and design for aeroplanes.  
1.2 The term “aeroplane” is utilized in this specification as it was originally conceived for normal category fixed wing aircraft with a certified maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of 19 000 lb or less and a passenger seating configuration up to 19 as defined in the Rules. However, these standards may be more broadly applicable and their usage should not be unnecessarily limited.  
1.3 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective CAA body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Aircraft Airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links. It is the responsibility of the Applicant to validate any applicability beyond that identified in this specification and request acceptance from the applicable CAA.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers international standards for the crew interface aspects of airworthiness and design for aircraft. “Crew” includes flight crew and maintenance crew. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance.  
1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to ASTM Committee F44 web page (https://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).  
1.3 Units—This document may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers international standards for the crew interface aspects of airworthiness and design for aircraft. “Crew” includes flight crew and maintenance crew. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance.  
1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to ASTM Committee F44 web page (https://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).  
1.3 Units—This document may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 Applicability:  
1.1.1 This specification identifies the industry standards that have been determined by consensus to demonstrate compliance to the requirements (“the Rules”) for Normal Category Aeroplanes.  
1.1.2 Only standards that are considered mature enough for general application to certification projects and have been found acceptable by committee consensus to propose to the CAAs for acceptance as a Means of Compliance to their Rules are included.  
1.1.3 In the event that a particular CAA’s requirements are not harmonized with the other CAA’s requirements, the standards will be written to include the non-harmonized requirements as well as the harmonized requirements with the applicability defined in the standard.  
1.1.4 In addition to identifying the standards that have been approved by the F44 Committee, the structure of this specification follows the structure of the existing performance/objective-based rules for Normal Category aeroplanes as closely as practical. However, due to differences employed by the authorities in structuring the rules, some sections of this specification may parallel the structure of a particular authority’s rules, but not all. The intent was to structure this specification in such a way that the users could identify what standards would be applicable to specific rules with the specifications at the highest level and practices and test methods being at the next level down. Guides that support a specification or practice will be at the next level down from what they support.  
1.2 Civil Aviation Authorities:  
1.2.1 CAAs may accept a specific revision of this specification as an acceptable Means of Compliance (MoC) to their requirements. Acceptance and applicability as a MoC to the CAA’s airworthiness rules remains the decision of the respective CAAs. CAAs may accept this specification, with or without limitations as defined in their specification acceptance document. For information on which CAAs have accepted these standards (in whole or in part) as an acceptable MoC to their Rules, refer to the ASTM F44 webpage (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.  
1.3 Applicant Responsibility:  
1.3.1 The applicant must seek individual guidance from their respective CAA concerning the use of this specification and any referenced Specifications, Practices, Test Methods, or Guides to show compliance to the CAA rules. Alternatively, an applicant may propose a MoC other than those included in this specification but it is their responsibility to obtain acceptance of their proposed MoC from their CAA.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers international standards for the crew interface aspects of airworthiness and design for aircraft. “Crew” includes flight crew and maintenance crew. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance.  
1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to ASTM Committee F44 web page (https://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).  
1.3 Units—This document may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers international standards for the crew interface aspects of airworthiness and design for aircraft. “Crew” includes flight crew and maintenance crew. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance.  
1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to ASTM Committee F44 web page (https://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).  
1.3 Units—This document may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers international standards for ice protection aspects of airworthiness and design for “general aviation” aircraft.  
1.2 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective CAA body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Aircraft Airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.  
1.3 Units—The values are stated in units common to the field of aircraft icing. Typically SI or inch-pound units are used, but in some cases this has resulted in the use of mixed units due to the historical development of these values. In cases where values are given in one system with the other system following in brackets, the values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 Applicability:  
1.1.1 This specification identifies the industry standards which have been determined by consensus to demonstrate compliance to the requirements (“the Rules”) for Level 1, 2, 3, 4 Normal Category Aeroplanes.  
1.1.2 Only standards that are considered mature enough for general application to certification projects and have been found acceptable by committee consensus to propose to the CAAs for acceptance as a Means of Compliance to their Rules are included.  
1.1.3 In the event that a particular CAA’s requirements are not harmonized with the other CAA’s requirements, the standards will be written to include the non-harmonized requirements as well as the harmonized requirements with the applicability defined in the standard.  
1.2 Civil Aviation Authorities:  
1.2.1 CAAs may accept a specific revision of this specification as an acceptable Means of Compliance (MoC) to their requirements. Acceptance and applicability as a MoC to the CAA’s airworthiness rules remains the decision of the respective CAAs. CAAs may accept this specification, with or without limitations as defined in their specification acceptance document. For information on which CAAs have accepted these standards (in whole or in part) as an acceptable MoC to their Rules, refer to the ASTM F44 webpage (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.  
1.3 Applicant Responsibility:  
1.3.1 The applicant must seek individual guidance from their respective CAA concerning the use of this specification and any referenced Specifications, Practices, Test Methods, or Guides to show compliance to the CAA rules. Alternatively, an applicant may propose a MoC other than those included in this specification but it is their responsibility to obtain acceptance of their proposed MoC from their CAA.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers international standards for the crew interface aspects of airworthiness and design for aircraft. “Crew” includes flight crew and maintenance crew. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance.  
1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to ASTM Committee F44 web page (https://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).  
1.3 Units—This document may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 Applicability:  
1.1.1 This specification identifies the industry standards which have been determined by consensus to demonstrate compliance to the requirements (“the Rules”) for Level 1, 2, 3, 4 Normal Category Aeroplanes.  
1.1.2 Only standards that are considered mature enough for general application to certification projects and have been found acceptable by committee consensus to propose to the CAAs for acceptance as a Means of Compliance to their Rules are included.  
1.1.3 In the event that a particular CAA’s requirements are not harmonized with the other CAA’s requirements, the standards will be written to include the non-harmonized requirements as well as the harmonized requirements with the applicability defined in the standard.  
1.2 Civil Aviation Authorities:  
1.2.1 CAAs may accept a specific revision of this specification as an acceptable Means of Compliance (MoC) to their requirements. Acceptance and applicability as a MoC to the CAA’s airworthiness rules remains the decision of the respective CAAs. CAAs may accept this specification, with or without limitations as defined in their specification acceptance document. For information on which CAAs have accepted these standards (in whole or in part) as an acceptable MoC to their Rules, refer to the ASTM F44 webpage (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.  
1.3 Applicant Responsibility:  
1.3.1 The applicant must seek individual guidance from their respective CAA concerning the use of this specification and any referenced Specifications, Practices, Test Methods, or Guides to show compliance to the CAA rules. Alternatively, an applicant may propose a MoC other than those included in this specification but it is their responsibility to obtain acceptance of their proposed MoC from their CAA.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers international standards for the crew interface aspects of airworthiness and design for aircraft. “Crew” includes flight crew and maintenance crew. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance.  
1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAAs) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to ASTM Committee F44 web page (https://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).  
1.3 Units—This document may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 Applicability:  
1.1.1 This specification identifies the industry standards which have been determined by consensus to demonstrate compliance to the requirements (“the Rules”) for Level 1, 2, 3, 4 Normal Category Aeroplanes.  
1.1.2 Only standards that are considered mature enough for general application to certification projects and have been found acceptable by committee consensus to propose to the CAAs for acceptance as a Means of Compliance to their Rules are included.  
1.1.3 In the event that a particular CAA’s requirements are not harmonized with the other CAA’s requirements, the standards will be written to include the non-harmonized requirements as well as the harmonized requirements with the applicability defined in the standard.  
1.2 Civil Aviation Authorities:  
1.2.1 CAAs may accept a specific revision of this specification as an acceptable Means of Compliance (MoC) to their requirements. Acceptance and applicability as a MoC to the CAA’s airworthiness rules remains the decision of the respective CAAs. CAAs may accept this specification, with or without limitations as defined in their specification acceptance document. For information on which CAAs have accepted these standards (in whole or in part) as an acceptable MoC to their Rules, refer to the ASTM F44 webpage (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.  
1.3 Applicant Responsibility:  
1.3.1 The applicant must seek individual guidance from their respective CAA concerning the use of this specification and any referenced Specifications, Practices, Test Methods, or Guides to show compliance to the CAA rules. Alternatively, an applicant may propose a MoC other than those included in this specification but it is their responsibility to obtain acceptance of their proposed MoC from their CAA.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers international standards for the crew interface aspects of airworthiness and design for aircraft. “Crew” includes flight crew and maintenance crew.  
1.2 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this standard as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers international standards for the crew interface aspects of airworthiness and design for aircraft. “Crew” includes flight crew and maintenance crew.  
1.2 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this standard as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers international standards for the crew interface aspects of airworthiness and design for aircraft. “Crew” includes flight crew and maintenance crew.  
1.2 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this standard as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 Applicability:  
1.1.1 This specification identifies the industry standards which have been determined by consensus to demonstrate compliance to the requirements (“the Rules”) for Level 1, 2, 3, 4 Normal Category Aeroplanes.  
1.1.2 Unless specifically defined otherwise, the herein referenced specifications are only applicable to the aeroplanes defined in 1.1.1.  
1.1.3 Only standards that are considered mature enough for general application to certification projects and have been found acceptable by committee consensus to propose to the CAAs for acceptance as a Means of Compliance to their Rules are included.  
1.1.4 In the event that a particular CAA’s requirements are not harmonized with the other CAA’s requirements, the standards will be written to include the non-harmonized requirements as well as the harmonized requirements with the applicability defined in the standard.  
1.2 Civil Aviation Authorities:  
1.2.1 CAAs may accept a specific revision of this specification as an acceptable Means of Compliance (MoC) to their requirements. Acceptance and applicability as a MoC to the CAA’s airworthiness rules remains the decision of the respective CAAs. CAAs may accept this specification, with or without limitations as defined in their specification acceptance document. For information on which CAAs have accepted these standards (in whole or in part) as an acceptable MoC to their Rules, refer to the ASTM F44 webpage (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.  
1.3 Applicant Responsibility:  
1.3.1 The applicant must seek individual guidance from their respective CAA concerning the use of this specification and any referenced Specifications, Practices, Test Methods, or Guides to show compliance to the CAA rules. Alternatively, an applicant may propose a MoC other than those included in this specification but it is their responsibility to obtain approval of their proposed MoC from their CAA.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides international standards for ice protection aspects of airworthiness and design for "general aviation" aircraft. The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this standard as part of a certification plan.
The standards cover: types of aircraft operational requirements; crew external visibility (windshields and windows); ice shedding (engine inlet ice ingestion, propeller ice shedding, airframe ice shedding, ice protection system failure considerations); engine installation and induction system ice protection (propellers, turbine engines in flight, turbine engines on ground).
Also addressed in this specification are instrumentation ice protection, flight into icing conditions, aircraft not approved for flight in icing, and atmospheric icing conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers international standards for ice protection aspects of airworthiness and design for “general aviation” aircraft.  
1.2 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective CAA body concerning the use of this standard as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Aircraft Airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.  
1.3 Units—The values are stated in units common to the field of aircraft icing. Typically SI or inch-pound units are used, but in some cases this has resulted in the use of mixed units due to the historical development of these values. In cases where values are given in one system with the other system following in brackets, the values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers international standards for the crew interface aspects of airworthiness and design for aircraft. The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan.
The standards address pilot/occupant compartment; flight control systems controls; cockpit controls; motion and effect of cockpit controls; cockpit control knob shape; circuit breakers and fuses; master switch arrangement; flight control augmentation and auto flight system; primary flight information displays; primary flight guidance; and communication and audio systems. Also covered in this specification are pilot alerts; warning, caution, and advisory lights or indicators; continued airworthiness and maintenance; markings and placards; and airplane flight manual and approved manual material.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers international standards for the crew interface aspects of airworthiness and design for aircraft. “Crew” includes flight crew and maintenance crew.  
1.2 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this standard as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.