ISO/TC 47 - Chemistry

ISO 11435:2011 specifies an inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectrometric method for the determination of the mass fraction of molybdenum between 0,05 % and 20 % in nickel alloys.

ISO 11014:2009 defines sections, content, and general format of the safety data sheet (SDS) for chemical products. ISO 11014:2009 does not define a fixed format, nor does it include a blank SDS.

This part of ISO 78 sets out a number of principles applicable to the layout and wording of methods of chemical analysis described in International Standards. It may also be useful for other test methods.

Describes the procedure and the precautions to be taken in drawing representative samples of the substances for the purpose of their analyses. It also sets out, in Annex A, a diagrammatic representation of a system for the disposal of the portion of the sample not used in the analysis, and, in Annex B, the sequence of operations for filling a sample cylinder.

Specifies the requirements for three grades for the analysis of inorganic chemicals. Not applicable to organic trace analysis, analysis of surface-active agents and biological or medical analysis. The material shall be a clear, colourless liquid as assessed by inspection. Classifies according to the content: free from dissolved or colloidal ionic and organic contaminants, very low inorganic, organic or colloidal contaminants and suitable for laboratory wet chemistry work. Specifies the pH and conductivity measurement, the limit tests for oxidizable matter and for reactive silica, the measurement of absorbance and the determination of residue after evaporation at 110 °C.

Describes the procedure and the precautions to be taken in drawing representative samples of ethylene in the liquid phase stored at -100 °C and in the gaseous phase, for the purpose of their analysis excluding the determination of water content, other polar components and hydrocarbons heavier than C5. In an annex a diagrammatic representation is given of a system for the removal of the portion of the sample not used in the analysis.

From the lot to be sampled a certain number of increments is taken. The increments are mixed to form either a bulk sample or several primary samples, depending on the purposes of the sampling. By means of replicate reductions a reduced sample is prepared from the bulk sample or from each primary sample, then several laboratory samples, each stage of the division being preceded in each case by blending and, if necessary, by grinding and sieving the product. This International Standard is applicable to products with a maximum particle size of 100 mm.

The method comprises the passage of a gaseous test portion through water to absorb acetone, acetonitrile, propan-2-ol and methanol, and subsequent gas chromatographic analysis of the aqueous solution, using a flame ionization detector, and comparison of the peaks obtained with those derived from an external standard. The method is applicable to products having acetone, propan-2-ol and methanol concentrations greater than 1 mg/kg, and acetonitrile concentrations greater than 10 mg/kg.

A test portion is evaporated at ambient temperature and the oil contained in the residue is extracted with carbon tetrachloride. The oil contained in the residue is determined either gravimetrically by evaporation of the organic solvent and weighing of the residue or by spectrometric measurement of the absorbance of the organic phase at a wavelength of approximately 3.42 m. The gravimetric method is applicable to products having an oil content equal to or greater than 10 mg/kg. The infra-red spectrometric method, being more sensitive, is applicable to products having an oil content greater than 1 mg/kg.

A test portion is evaporated in the presence of ethanediol and the water content of the residue is determined by the Karl Fischer method with direct electrometric measurement. The method is applicable to products having water contents equal to or greater than 50 mg/kg. For water contents greater than 1000 mg/kg it is preferable to dilute the evaporation residue with anhydrous methanol in accordance with ISO 4276 and titrate an aliquot portion of the diluted solution.

A test portion is introduced into a solution of boric acid and the solution obtained is titrated with a standard volumetric solution of sulfuric acid in the presence of methyl red as indicator. The method is applicable to solutions containing not more than 35 % (m/m) of ammonia.

A test portion is evaporated in a tared platinum dish and the residue is weighed after drying at 105 2 °C. The method is applicable to solutions containing not more than 35 % (m/m) ammonia.

Relates to liquids (excluding petroleum products) having a boiling point in the range 30 °C to 300 °C and are stable during distillation in atmospheric conditions. Specifies also the distillation apparatus. The principle consists in a) distillation of a test portion under carefully defined conditions in order to determine the temperature corresponding to the condensate volumes defined (plotting temperature as a function of volume) or b) under the same conditions to determine the volume of condensate when the thermometer indicates each of the distillation temperatures specified (plotting volume as a function of temperature).

Specifies the apparatus and the procedure to be used. The procedure consists in removal of a sample into stainless steel cylinder, which has previously been cleaned, dried and evacuated and filling of the sampling cylinder with the stipulated quantity that is permissible with regard to safety. The filling shall never exceed 75 % of the capacity of the cylinder at ambient temperature.

Describes a method based on the potentiometric titration of the chloride ions with standard volumetric silver nitrate solution in an acid medium and in the presence of acetone, using a silver electrode or a chloride or silver ion-selective electrode (measuring electrode) and a calomel or a mercury(I) sulphate electrode (reference electrode). Is a applicable to test solutions having chloride concentrations, expressed in milligrams per litre, of between 1 and 1500.

Relates to products boiling below 200 °C. Directly applicable to contents of 0.1 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg. Higher contents may be determined by a suitable dilution of the sample. Alkylsulphones, arylsulphonic acids and arylsulphonates give incomplete recovery of sulphur. Reduction of the sulphur compounds to nickel sulphide with Raney nickel. Stripping of the hydrogen sulphide in hydrochloric acid medium and absorption in an alkaline zinc acetate solution. Formation of methylene blue with N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulphate and iron(III) ammonium sulphate. Determination of the absorbance of the blue coloured solution at a wavelength of 667 nm.

The method is applicable to products having carbonyl compounds contents between 0.00025 % (m/m) and 0.01 % (m/m). The principle is based on reaction in acid medium of the carbonyl compounds in a test portion with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Formation of the corresponding 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones which, after making the solution alkaline, take on a red coloration. Photometric measurement of this red coloration at a wavelength of about 445 nm. - International Standards ISO 1388/1 to 1388/12 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 1388-1970 of which they constitute a technical revision.

The method is applicable to products having aldehyde contents in the range 0.00025 % (m/m) to 0.00125 % (m/m). The principle is based on the reaction of the aldehydes present in a test portion with Schiff reagent. Visual comparison of the colour obtained with the colours of standard colorimetric solutions containing known quantities of acetaldehyde. - International Standards ISO 1388/1 to ISO 1377/12 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 1388-1970 of which they constitute a technical revision.

Gives general intructions and specifies the methods for the determination of density at 20 °C, for the determination of boiling range, for the determination of dry residue after evaporation on a water bath, for the measurement of colour, for the determination of water content and of aldehydes and ketones content. International Standards ISO 756/1, ISO 756/2 and ISO 756/3 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 756-1968 of which they constitute a technical revision.

The principle is based on the addition of a test portion, under specified conditions, of potassium permanganate solution. Determination of the time taken for the colour of this test solution to match that of a cobalt(II) chloride and uranyl nitrate colour standard. - International Standards ISO 1388/1 to ISO 1377/12 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 1388-1970 of which they constitute a technical revision.

The method is applicable to products having esters contents in the range 0.005 % (m/m) to 0.15 % (m/m). The principle consists in the saponification of esters present in a test portion by boiling with excess standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution; determination of the residual sodium hydroxide, and hence the amount used for saponification, by titration with standard volumetric hydrochloric acid solution in the presence of phenolphthalein as indicator. - International Standards ISO 1388/1 to ISO 1377/12 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 1388-1970 of which they constitute a technical revision.

The principle consists in the treatment of a test portion with aniline and acetic acid, the presence of furfural leading to the formation of a characteristic red colour. - International Standards ISO 1388/1 to ISO 1377/12 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 1388-1970 of which they constitute a technical revision.

The method is applicable to products having carbonyl compounds contents equal to or greater than 0.01 % (m/m). The method only allows determination of those carbonyl compounds which react under the specified conditions. The principle is based on the reaction of hydroxylammonium chloride with the carbonyl compounds in a test portion and titration of the hydrochloric acid formed with standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution, in the presence of bromophenol blue as indicator. - International Standards ISO 1388/1 to ISO 1377/12 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 1388-1970 of which they constitute a technical revision.

Applicable to products having Ca contents equal to or more than 50 mg/kg. The presence of soluble SiO2 up to 5 g/ml in the test solution does not interfere. Hydrolysis by boiling a test portion in hydrochloric acid medium. Addition of sodium ions, until a constant concentration is obtained, to stabilize the promotion and emission of Ca; addition of lanthanum chloride to increase the sensitivity of the method. Aspiration of the solution into a dinitrogen monoxide-acetylene flame. Spectrometric measurement of the absorption of the 422.7-nm line emitted by a hollow-cathode calcium lamp. Has also been approved by the IUPAC.

The principle of the procedure consists in addition of water to a test portion, under specified conditions, and examination for opalescence against a black background with side illumination, using a second Nessler cylinder containing water as the standard. - International Standards ISO 1388/1 to ISO 1377/12 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 1388-1970 of which they constitute a technical revision.

The method is applicable to products having acidities equal to or greater than 0.0008 % (m/m). The principle consists in the dilution of a test portion with carbon dioxide-free water, checking whether the test solution is alkaline or acid to phenolphthalein, and, if appropriate, determination of the acidity by titration with standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution. The acidity is expressed as a percentage by mass of acetic acid. - International Standards ISO 1388/1 to 1388/12 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 1388-1970 of which they constitute a technical revision.

The principle is based on distillation of a test portion in the presence of water, addition to the distillate of a saturated sodium chloride solution and measurement of the volume of insoluble hydrocarbons. A Hempel fractionating column with Liebig condenser is used for the distillation. - International Standards ISO 1388/1 to ISO 1377/12 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 1388-1970 of which they constitute a technical revision.

These products are similar to petroleum products; many sampling procedures used for petroleum products are equally applicable to the former. Specifies the obtaining of samples from fixed tanks, railcars, road vehicles, barges and drums and from liquids being pumped in pipelines. The samples are intended to be used determine quality, for testing whether contaminants are present and for the determination of the degree of homogeneity of a batch. General recommendation and specific recommendations for hazardous, flammable and toxic substances are given and also the treatment of mobile liquids at low ambient temperatures is indicated.

The document also specifies the methods to be used for the determination of density at 20 °C, for the determination of dry residue after evaporation on a water bath, for the determination of water content, and for the measurement of colour. - International Standards ISO 1388/1 to 1388/12 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 1388-1970 of which they constitute a technical revision.

The principle is based on the conversion of methanol present in a test portion to formaldehyde by oxidation. The oxidation is carried out with a solution of potassium permanganate in phosphoric acid. Reaction of the formaldehyde formed with chromotropic acid (4,5-dihydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid). Photometric measurement of the violet coloration obtained at a wavelength of about 570 nm. - International Standards ISO 1388/1 to ISO 1377/12 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 1388-1970 of which they constitute a technical revision.

The principle is based on the conversion of the methanol present in a test portion to formaldehyde by oxidation with a solution of potassium permanganate in phosphoric acid. Reaction of the formaldehyde formed with Schiff reagent. Visual comparison of the colour obtained with the colours of standard colorimetric solutions containing known quantities of formaldehyde. - International Standards ISO 1388/1 to ISO 1377/12 cancel and replace ISO Recommendation R 1388-1970 of which they constitute a technical revision.

The hydroxy groups present in a test portion are esterified with phthalic anhydride. The excess phthalic anhydrids is hydrolyzed and the phthalic acid formed is neutralized with standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution. If the sample contains free acidity or alkalinity a corresponding correction is made. From the corrected hydroxyl number, the apparat relative molecular mass may be calculated by a formula given.

The method of test is applicable to products having dry residues after evaporation greater than or equal to 10 mg/kg Ä0.001 % (m/m)Ü. The principle consists in evaporation of a test portion on a water bath, and drying the residue, if any, to a constant mass in an oven at 110 °C 2 K. - Cancels and replaces ISO Recommendation R 759-1968 of which it constitutes a technical revision.

Describes a method based on prior conversion of the sulphur compounds in a test portion to sulphate, if required, and reduction of the sulphate ions ti hydrogen sulphide by a mixture of hydriodic and phosphinic acids in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The hydrogen sulphide is entrained in a current of nitrogen and absorbed in a solution of sodium hydroxide in aqueous acetone, followed by titration of the sulphide ions with standard volumetric mercury(II) acetate or nitrate solution in the presence of 1,5-diphenyl-3-thiocarbazone (dithiozone) as indicator.

Complements the second edition of ISO 3139/1976.

Covers a method applicable to liquid or solid products having mercury contents greater than 0,02 mg/kg. The principle of determination is based on oxidation of the mercury contained in a test portion to mercury(II) ions by potassium permanganate in the presence of sulphuric acid, reduction of the excess oxidant by hydroxylammonium chloride, reduction of the mercury(II) ions to mercury by tin(II) chloride, entrainment of the mercury in air or nitrogen, passage of the gaseous mixture through a measuring cell, and measurement of the absorption at a wavelength of 253,7 nm.

Applicable to products which consist essentially of xylene isomers ÄC6H4 -(CH3 )2 Ü and ethylbenzene (C6H5 -C2 H5). Specifies the requirements and test methods. The required characteristics are shown in a table.

Specifies a method, the principle of which is based on evaporation of a test portion under specified conditions, using special apparatus, and weighing of the residue after evaporation. Details the procedure and provides information on the expression of results and the data to be included in the test report.

Specifies requirements for two grades. Grade 1 (synthesis grade) is a high quality grade normally required only for the use as a chemical feedstock. Grade 2 (ordinary grade) is suitable for most normal commercial uses. The requirements are given in a table.

Defines, in English and french, the terms most frequently used classifying them in the following groups: General terms, hierarchy of sampling terms, terms related to taking a sample, and terms related to the statistics of sampling.

Two methods of titration depending on whether the end point is detected visually or electrometrically are specified. The visual method is only applicable to colourless solutions but can be used when no electrometric apparatus is available. The electrometric method, whether by direct titration or back-titration, is the more accurate one and for this reason recommended. The principle of the test consists in reaction of any water present in a test portion with a solution of iodine and sulphur dioxide in a pyridine/methanol mixture (Karl Fischer reagent), previously standardized by titration with an exactly known mass of water.

Applicable to the determination of losses equal to or more than 0.008 % (m/m). The principle consists in drying of a test portion at (105 1) °C for 6 h. The dried test portion is retained for the other determinations given in the annex. Has also been approved by the IUPAC.

Applicable to products having contents, expressed as phosphorus pentoxide, of 0.005 % (m/m) to 0.05 % (m/m). The residue from the determination of the loss of mass according to ISO 5444 is used to prepare the test sample. Dissolution in dilute hydrochloric acid and nitric acid solutions. Formation of the yellow molybdovanadate and spectrophotometric measurement at a wavelength of about 420 nm. Calculation of the content from the measured absorbance.

Contains guides concerning the procedure to be followed and the precautions to be observed for the taking, preparation and storage of samples with the view of assess their quality. Deals with the means of delivery, containers for taking samples, technical means for mixing and heating systems. Details the sampling of thermal-process and wet-process acids from large containers and mobile tanks and the safety measures. Has also been approved by the IUPAC.

Two cases are considered: sulphuric acid contents equal to or lower than 98 % (m/m) and sulphuric acid contents higher than 98 % (m/m). The principle is based on oxidation of a test portion with hydrogen peroxide and titration of the total acidity with a standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution, in the presence of methyl red as indicator. - Replaces ISO Recommendation R 910-1968.

With respect to the free acidity, applicable to products having contents, expressed as H2 SiF6 , equal to or more than 0,1 % (m/m). First, determination of the free acid contents by titration of an ice-cooled test portion with a standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of potassium nitrate and using bromothymol blue as indicator, then, followed by titration at near boiling temperature with standard volumetric sodium hydroxide solution to the appearance of a permanent blue colour.