ASTM D6724/D6724M-16
(Guide)Standard Guide for Installation of Direct Push Groundwater Monitoring Wells
Standard Guide for Installation of Direct Push Groundwater Monitoring Wells
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The direct push ground method is a rapid and economical procedure for installing groundwater monitoring wells to obtain representative groundwater samples and location-specific hydrogeologic measurements. Direct push installations may offer an advantage over conventional rotary drilled monitoring wells (Practice D5092) for groundwater explorations in unconsolidated formations because they reduce disturbance to the formation, and eliminate or minimize drill cuttings. At facilities where contaminated soils are present, this can reduce hazard exposure for operators, local personnel, and the environment, and can reduce investigative derived wastes. Additionally, smaller equipment can be used for installation, providing better access to constricted locations.
5.2 Direct push monitoring wells are typically smaller in diameter than drilled wells, thereby reducing purge water volumes, sampling time, and investigative derived wastes. Practice D5092 monitoring wells are used when larger diameters and/or sample volumes are required, or at depths or in geologic formations to where it is difficult to install direct push wells. Direct push monitoring wells should be viable for monitoring for many years.
5.3 Prior to construction and installation of a direct push well or any other type of groundwater well the reader should consult appropriate local agencies regarding regulatory requirements for well construction. A regulatory variance may be required for installation of direct push monitoring wells.
5.4 To date, published comparison studies between drilled monitoring wells and direct push monitoring wells have shown comparability (1-10)4. However, selection of direct push monitoring wells over conventional rotary drilled wells should be based on several criteria, such as site accessibility and penetrability, stratigraphic structure, depth to groundwater, and aquifer transmissivity.
5.5 Typical penetration depths for installation of groundwater monitoring wells with...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes various direct push groundwater monitoring wells and provides guidance on their selection and installation for obtaining representative groundwater samples and monitoring water table elevations. Direct push wells are used extensively for monitoring groundwater quality in unconsolidated formations. This guide also includes discussion of some groundwater sampling devices which can be permanently emplaced as monitoring wells.
1.2 This guide does not address the single event sampling of groundwater using direct push water samplers as presented in Guide D6001. The methods in this guide are often used with other tests such as direct push soil sampling (Guide D6282) and the cone penetrometer test (Guide D6067). The guide does not address the installation of monitoring wells by rotary drilling or sonic drilling methods such as those presented in Practice D5092. Techniques for obtaining groundwater samples from monitoring wells are covered in Guides D4448, D7929, and Practice D6771. Practice D6725 addresses direct push wells using pre-packed screens.
1.3 The installation of direct push groundwater monitoring wells is limited to unconsolidated soils and sediments including clays, silts, sands, and some gravels and cobbles. Penetration may be limited, or damage may occur to equipment, in certain subsurface conditions; some of which are discussed in 5.5. Information in this guide is limited to groundwater monitoring in the saturated zone.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Pra...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6724/D6724M − 16
Standard Guide for
1
Installation of Direct Push Groundwater Monitoring Wells
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6724/D6724M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information
oraseriesofoptionsanddoesnotrecommendaspecificcourse
1.1 This guide describes various direct push groundwater
of action. This document cannot replace education or experi-
monitoring wells and provides guidance on their selection and
ence and should be used in conjunction with professional
installation for obtaining representative groundwater samples
judgement. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in
and monitoring water table elevations. Direct push wells are
all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to
used extensively for monitoring groundwater quality in uncon-
representorreplacethestandardofcarebywhichtheadequacy
solidated formations. This guide also includes discussion of
of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
somegroundwatersamplingdeviceswhichcanbepermanently
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
emplaced as monitoring wells.
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
1.2 Thisguidedoesnotaddressthesingleeventsamplingof
document means only that the document has been approved
groundwater using direct push water samplers as presented in
through the ASTM consensus process.
Guide D6001. The methods in this guide are often used with
1.6.1 This guide does not purport to comprehensively ad-
other tests such as direct push soil sampling (Guide D6282)
dress all of the methods and issues associated with monitoring
and the cone penetrometer test (Guide D6067).The guide does
well installation. Users should seek input from qualified
not address the installation of monitoring wells by rotary
professionals for the selection of proper equipment and meth-
drilling or sonic drilling methods such as those presented in
ods that would be the most successful for their site conditions.
Practice D5092. Techniques for obtaining groundwater
Other methods may be available for monitoring well
samples from monitoring wells are covered in Guides D4448,
installation, and qualified professionals should have flexibility
D7929, and Practice D6771. Practice D6725 addresses direct
to exercise judgement concerning alternatives not covered in
push wells using pre-packed screens.
this guide. The practice described in this guide is current at the
time of issue; however, new, alternative, and innovative meth-
1.3 The installation of direct push groundwater monitoring
ods may become available prior to revisions. Therefore, users
wells is limited to unconsolidated soils and sediments includ-
ing clays, silts, sands, and some gravels and cobbles. Penetra- should consult with manufacturers or producers prior to
specifying program requirements.
tion may be limited, or damage may occur to equipment, in
certain subsurface conditions; some of which are discussed in
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.5. Information in this guide is limited to groundwater
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
monitoring in the saturated zone.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as standard.
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
2. Referenced Documents
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
2
Combining values from the two systems may result in non- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
conformance with the standard. D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeD18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investiga
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6724 − 04 (Reapproved 2010) D6724/D6724M − 16
Standard Guide for
1
Installation of Direct Push Groundwater Monitoring Wells
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6724;D6724/D6724M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide describes various direct push groundwater monitoring wells and provides guidance on their selection and
installation for obtaining representative groundwater samples and monitoring water table elevations. Direct push wells are used
extensively for monitoring groundwater quality in unconsolidated formations. This guide also includes discussion of some
groundwater sampling devices which can be permanently emplaced as monitoring wells.
1.2 This guide does not address the single event sampling of groundwater using direct push water samplers as presented in
Guide D6001. The methods in this guide are often used with other tests such as direct push soil sampling (Guide D6282) and the
cone penetrometer test (Guide D6067). The present guide does not address the installation of monitoring wells by rotary drilling
or sonic drilling methods such as those presented in Practice D5092. Techniques for obtaining groundwater samples from
monitoring wells are covered in GuideGuides D4448, D7929, and Practice D6771. Practice D6725 addresses direct push wells
using pre-packed screens.
1.3 The installation of direct push groundwater monitoring wells is limited to unconsolidated soils and sediments including
clays, silts, sands, and some gravels and cobbles. Penetration may be limited, or damage may occur to equipment, in certain
subsurface conditions; some of which are discussed in 5.5. Information in this guide is limited to groundwater monitoring in the
saturated zone.
1.4 This guide does not purport to comprehensively address all of the methods and issues associated with monitoring well
installation. Users should seek input from qualified professionals for the selection of proper equipment and methods that would
be the most successful for their site conditions. Other methods may be available for monitoring well installation, and qualified
professionals should have flexibility to exercise judgement concerning alternatives not covered in this guide. The practice
described in this guide is current at the time of issue; however, new, alternative, and innovative methods may become available
prior to revisions. Therefore, users should consult with manufacturers or producers prior to specifying program requirements. The
values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’sproject’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only
that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.6.1 This guide does not purport to comprehensively address all of the methods and issues associated with monitoring well
installation. Users should seek input from qualified professionals for the selection of proper equipment and methods that would
be the most successful for their site conditions. Other methods may be available for monitoring well installation, and qualified
professionals should have flexibility to exercise judgement concerning alternatives not covered in this guide. The practice
described in this guide is current at the time of issue; however, new,
...
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