ASTM A451-93(2002)

Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers austenitic alloy steel pipe for use in high-temperature, corrosive, or nuclear pressure service.
1.2 Several grades of austenitic stainless steel are covered as indicated in Table 1.
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided when additional testing may be required.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
Note 1—This specification is not intended to cover centrifugal pipe made from alloys containing more than 0.20 % carbon, such as are covered by Specification A 297.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 24-Oct-1993
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.18 - Castings

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM A451/A451M-02 - Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

An American National Standard
Designation: A 451 – 93 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Specification for
Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-
Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 451; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ANSI Standard:
B46.1 Surface Texture
1.1 This specification covers austenitic alloy steel pipe for
use in high-temperature, corrosive, or nuclear pressure service.
3. Ordering Information
1.2 Several grades of austenitic stainless steel are covered as
3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
indicated in Table 1.
following, as required, to describe the desired material ad-
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided
equately:
when additional testing may be required.
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast pipe),
as the standard.
3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),
NOTE 1—This specification is not intended to cover centrifugal pipe
3.1.4 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wall
made from alloys containing more than 0.20 % carbon, such as are
thickness in inches or millimetres),
covered by Specification A 297.
3.1.5 Length (specific or random, Specification A 530/
A 530M),
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.6 End Finish of Specification A 530/A 530M,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.7 Optional Requirements (9.4 and Supplementary Re-
A 297 Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and
quirements S1 through S7),
Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Appli-
3.1.8 Test Report Required (Section 14), and
cation
3.1.9 Special Requirements or Additions to Specification.
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
4. Materials and Manufacture
A 530/A530M Specification for General Requirements for
4.1 Heat-Treatment—The pipe shall receive a heat-
Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
treatment at the temperature and time specified in Table 2,
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
followed by a quench in water or rapid cool by other means.
Determine Conformance With Specifications
4.2 Machining—The pipe shall be machined on the inner
E 94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
and outer surfaces to a roughness value no greater than
E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
250-μin. (6.35-μm) arithmetical average deviation (AA) from
E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2-
the mean line, as defined in American National Standard
in. (51 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
B46.1.
E 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to
12-in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings
5. Chemical Analysis
E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings up to 2 in.
5.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall be made
(51 mm) in Thickness
by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of elements
specified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made on a test
sample taken preferably during the pouring of the heat. The
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the
A01.18 on Castings.
requirements specified in Table 1.
Current edition approved Oct. 25, 1993. Published December 1993. Originally
5.2 Product Analysis—A product analysis may be made by
published A 451 – 61 T. Last previous edition A 451 – 92.
the purchaser. The sample for analysis shall be selected so as to
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related specifica-
tion SA-451 in Section II of that Code.
be thoroughly representative of the pipe being analyzed. The
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
6 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 451
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Car- Man- Phos- Sul- Sili- Tan-
bon, ga- pho- fur, con, Molybde- ta-
Grade Nickel Chromium Columbium Nitrogen
max nese, rus, max max num lum,
max max max
CPF3 0.03 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.0–12.0 17.0–21.0 . . . .
CPF3A 0.03 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.0–12.0 17.0–21.0 . . . .
CPF8 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.0–11.0 18.0–21.0 . . . .
CPF8A 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.0–11.0 18.0–21.0 . . . .
CPF3M 0.03 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 9.0–13.0 17.0–21.0 2.0–3.0 . . .
CPF8M 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 9.0–12.0 18.0–21.0 2.0–3.0 . . .
A
CPF10MC 0.10 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 13.0–16.0 15.0–18.0 1.75–2.25 1.2 max, 10 3 C min . .
A
CPF8C 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 9.0–12.0 18.0–21.0 . 1 max, 8 3 C min . .
B
CPF8C(Ta max) 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 9.0–12.0 18.0–21.0 . 1 max, 8 3 C min 0.10 .
CPH8 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 12.0–15.0 22.0–26.0 . . . .
C
CPH20 or CPH10 0.20 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 12.0–15.0 22.0–26.0 . . . .
CPK20 0.20 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.75 19.0–22.0 23.0–27.0 . . . .
CPE20N 0.20 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 8.0–11.0 23.0–26.0 . . . 0.08–0.20
A
Grades CPF10MC and CPF8C may have a columbium plus tantalum content maximum of 1.35 %.
B
No designation as yet assigned by ASTM International or Steel Founders’ Society of America.
C
By agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the carbon content of Grade CPH20 may be restricted to 0.10 % max. When so agreed, the grade
designation shall be CPH10.
TABLE 2 Heat-Treatment Requirements TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements
Temperature, min Hold Time, Tensile Yield Elongation
Grade h/in. of Strength, Strength, in 2 in.
Grade
°F °C
Thickness min, ksi (MPa) min, ksi or 50 mm,
(MPa) min
CPF3 70 (485) 30 (205) 35
CPF3, CPF3A, CPF8, CPF8A, CPF3M, 1900 1040 1
A
CPF8M CPF3A 77 (535) 35 (240) 35
CPF10MC, CPF8C, CPF8C (Ta max) 1950 1065 2 CPF3M 70 (485) 30 (205) 30
CPH8, CPH10, CPH20, CPK20 2100 1150 1 CPF8 70 (485) 30 (205) 35
A
CPE20N 2225 1218 1 CPF8A 77 (535) 35 (240) 35
CPF8M 70 (485) 30 (205) 30.0
CPF10MC 70 (485) 30 (205) 20.0
CPH10 70 (485) 30 (205) 30.0
chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the
CPF8C (Ta max), CPF8C 70 (485) 30 (205) 30.0
requirements specified in Table 1.
CPH8 65 (448) 28 (195) 30.0
CPK20 65 (448) 28 (195) 30.0
5.3 To determine conformance with the chemical analysis
CPH20 70 (485) 30 (205) 30.0
requirements, an observed value or calculated value shall be
CPE20N 80 (550) 40 (275) 30.0
rounded in accordance with Practice E 29 to the nearest unit in
A
The properties shown are obtained by adjusting the composition within the
the last right-hand place of values listed in Table 1.
limits shown in Table 1 to obtain a ferrite-austenite ratio that will result in the higher
ultimate and yield strengths indicated. A lowering of impact values may develop in
these materials when exposed to service temperature above 800°F.
6. Tensile Requirements
6.1 Test Specimens:
heat do not conform to the requirements specified, the castings
6.1.1 Test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with
may be reheat-treated and retested, but may not be solution-
Test Methods and Definitions A 370. Test bars shall be poured
treated more than twice.
in special blocks from the same heat as the castings repre-
sented. Test bars shall be supplied in sufficient number to
7. Hydrostatic Test
furnish all specimens required in 6.2 and 6.3 (see Table 3).
7.1 Each length of pipe shall be hydrostatically tested in
6.1.2 Test specimens may be cut from heat-treated castings
accordance with Specification A 530/A 530M.
instead of from test bars when agreed upon between the
7.2 It is realized that the foundry may be unable to perform
manufacturer and the purchaser.
the hydrostatic test prior to shipment, or that the purchaser may
6.1.3 Tension test specimens
...