ASTM E161-00(2004)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Precision Electroformed Sieves
Standard Specification for Precision Electroformed Sieves
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for design and construction of electroformed sieves. The sieves are used in particle-size distribution analysis and in various manufacturing applications to produce narrowly designated particle-size distributions. They may also be used as reference standards when suitably calibrated. The material used in the manufacture of the sieve sheet shall be nickel or a metal suitable for electrodeposition in a firm crystalline structure. The sheet shall have square or round openings with straight uniform sides and smooth, flat surfaces except for a slight bevel along the edges of the openings. Frames for precision electroformed sieves shall be made from non-corrosive material such as stainless steel and constructed in such a manner as to be rigid
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for design and construction of electroformed sieves. These sieves are used to perform particle-size distribution analysis and in preparing narrowly designated particle-size fractions. They may also be used as reference standards when suitably calibrated. A method of calibrating these sieves is included in the Annex.
Note 1—Complete instructions and procedures on the use and calibration of testing sieves are contained in ASTM Manual 32. This publication also contains a list of all published ASTM Standards on sieve analysis procedures for specific materials or industries.
1.2 The sieve analysis results from two testing sieves of the same sieve designation may not be the same because of the variances in sieve opening permitted by this specification. To minimize the differences in sieve analysis results, the use of testing sieves matched on a performance basis is suggested.
Note 2—For other types of sieves, see Specifications E 11 and E 323.
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the electroformed mesh openings and the size of the wires in the electroformed mesh. The values stated in inch units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E161 – 00 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Specification for
Precision Electroformed Sieves
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 45-µm (No. 325) Sieve
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for design
Sieves
andconstructionofelectroformedsieves.Thesesievesareused
E323 Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for Testing
to perform particle-size distribution analysis and in preparing
Purposes
narrowly designated particle-size fractions. They may also be
2.2 ISO Standard:
used as reference standards when suitably calibrated.Amethod
ISO 565 Test sieves—Metal Wire Cloth, Perforated Plate
of calibrating these sieves is included in the Annex.
and Electroformed Sheet-Nominal Aperture Sizes
NOTE 1—Complete instructions and procedures on the use and calibra-
tionoftestingsievesarecontainedinASTMManual32. Thispublication
3. Ordering Information
also contains a list of all published ASTM Standards on sieve analysis
3.1 Orders for items under this specification include the
procedures for specific materials or industries.
following information as necessary:
1.2 The sieve analysis results from two testing sieves of the
3.1.1 Name of material (Electroformed Sieve),
same sieve designation may not be the same because of the
3.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue (Specification
variances in sieve opening permitted by this specification. To
E161 – XX),
minimize the differences in sieve analysis results, the use of
3.1.3 Quantity of each item, and
testing sieves matched on a performance basis is suggested.
3.1.4 Standard sieve designation (Table 1, Column 1).
3.1.5 For testing sieves in standard circular frames:
NOTE 2—For other types of sieves, see Specifications E11 and E323.
3.1.5.1 Nominal sieve frame diameter, and
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be considered
3.1.5.2 Nominal sieve frame height.
standard for the dimensions of the electroformed mesh open-
3.1.6 For sieve cloth not in frames or in non-standard
ings and the size of the wires in the electroformed mesh. The
frames:
values stated in inch units shall be considered standard with
3.1.6.1 Lateral dimension of sieve mesh, and
regard to the sieve frames.
3.1.6.2 Description of non-standard frame.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.7 For sieves requiring supporting grid:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.7.1 Support grid desired,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.7.2 Support grid mounted up or down, and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.8 Compatible sieve pans and covers.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Sieve Sheet Requirements
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 The material used in the manufacture of the sieve sheet
2.1 ASTM Standards:
shall be nickel or a metal suitable for electrodeposition in a
C430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the
firm crystalline structure. The sheet shall have square or round
openings with straight uniform sides and smooth, flat surfaces
except for a slight bevel along the edges of the openings. The
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE29onParticle
thickness of the sheet (exclusive of the supporting grid, see
and Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.01
4.2), is governed by the method of manufacture, the size of the
Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media on Sieves, Sieving Methods, and
Screening Media.
openingsandthewidthofmaterialbetweenopenings,butinno
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally
case shall the thickness of material between the openings be
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E161 – 00. DOI:
less than 10 µm (0.0004 in.).
10.1520/E0161-00R04.
4.2 If a supporting grid is required for durability, the sieve
ASTM Manual 32, Manual on Test Sieving Methods, available from ASTM,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
sheet shall be mounted to the supporting metal grid in such a
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
the ASTM website. Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E161 – 00 (2004)
TABLE 1 Nominal Dimensions, Permissible Variations and Limits NOTE 3—In instances where a support grid is required for durability,
for Precision Electroformed Sieves
opening sizes smaller than the allowable tolerances will be observed.This
occurs where the support grid overlaps the sieve openings in such a way
Limits, Limits,
Tolerance
Nominal
as to either block a portion of the opening or to create several smaller
Openings per Openings per
on Sieve
Opening Size, B
Linear cm Linear in.
openings. This is an unavoidable situation and has been determined to
Openings,
A
µm
6 µm have little measurable effect on the sieving open area or sieve perfor-
Min Max Min Max
mance.
500 2.0 15.35 16.14 39 41
425 2.0 17.32 18.11 44 46
4.3.1 There shall be no punctures, missing or deformed
355 2.0 19.29 20.87 49 53
areas, or other obvious defects in the sieve sheet.
300 2.0 22.83 24.41 58 62
250 2.0 25.20 26.77 64 68
212 2.0 31.89 33.46 81 85
5. Test Sieve Frames
180 2.0 35.04 36.61 89 93
150 2.0 41.34 46.06 105 117
5.1 General Requirements—Frames for precision electro-
125 2.0 46.06 51.18 117 130
formed sieves shall be made from non-corrosive material such
106 2.0 47.24 59.06 120 150
as brass or stainless steel, and constructed in such a manner as
90 2.0 55.12 78.74 140 200
75 2.0 59.06 78.74 150 200
to be rigid.
63 2.0 66.93 98.43 170 250
5.1.1 The sieve sheet shall be mounted on the frame without
53 2.0 78.74 110.24 200 280
distortion, looseness, or waviness.
45 2.0 90.55 118.11 230 300
38 2.0 98.43 137.80 250 350
5.1.2 To prevent the material being sieved from catching in
32 2.0 110.24 157.48 280 400
C C C C the joint between the sieve sheet and the frame, the joint shall
25 2.0 118.11 196.85 300 500
C C C C
20 2.0 157.48 295.28 400 750 be filled smoothly or constructed so that the material will not
C C C C
15 2.0 157.48 295.28 400 750
be trapped.
C C C C
10 2.0 196.85 393.70 500 1000
C C C C 5.2 Standard Circular Frames—Sieve frames shall be cir-
5 2.0 196.85 590.55 500 1500
cular, of seamless construction, with nominal diameters of 3,
A
These nominal size openings are from the preferred number series R40/3 and
3.94, 7.87, 8, and 12 in. (76.2, 100, 200, 203.2, and 304.8 mm)
R10 (Openings on apertures 32 µm and less are series R10.) These standard
designations correspond to the values for test sieve apertures recommended by
as may be specified. The dimensions shall conform to the
the International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland in ISO/565. Other
requirements in Table 2.
opening sizes are not precluded.
B
These limits permit at least two adjacent sieves to be formed with the same 5.2.1 The bottom of the frames shall be constructed so as to
number of openings per cm. The percent open area must in no case be so great
provide an easy sliding fit with any sieve frames of the same
that the width of metal between openings is less than 13 µm.
C nominal diameter conforming to the specified dimensions.
Because of their greater durability in routine testing, sieves made close to the
minimum limit are normally supplied. Sieves made close to the maximum limit may
5.2.2 The joint or fillet at the connection of the sieve sheet
be obtained only on special order but are preferable from the standpoint of logical
to the frames will provide a minimum clear sieving surface
progression and better test completion time.
with a diameter equal to the nominal diameter less 0.5 in. (13
mm).
manner that the sheet is firmly bonded to the grid. The 5.3 Non-Standard Frames—Other sieve frames may be
supporting grid shall be of suitable thickness and strand width either square, rectangular, or circular.
to provide adequate support to th
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