ASTM E2651-19
(Guide)Standard Guide for Powder Particle Size Analysis
Standard Guide for Powder Particle Size Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The myriad array of particle size analysis techniques available to the modern-day powder technologist is both daunting and confusing. Many of the techniques are applicable only to certain types of materials, and all have limited ranges of applicability with respect to powder particle size. This guide is an attempt to describe and define the applicability of each of the available techniques, so that powder technologists, and others interested in powders, may make informed and appropriate choices in characterizing their materials.
4.2 This guide is intended to be used to determine the best and most efficient way of characterizing the particle size distribution of a particular powder material. It may also be used to determine whether a reported powder particle size, or size distribution, was obtained in an appropriate and meaningful way.
4.3 Most particle size analysis techniques report particle size in terms of an “equivalent spherical diameter”: the diameter of an ideal spherical particle of the material of interest that would be detected in the same manner during analysis as the (usually irregular-shaped) actual particle under the same conditions. The different techniques must necessarily use different definitions of the equivalent spherical diameter, based on their different operating principles. However, when analyzing elongated particles, the size parameter most relevant to the intended application should be measured; for example, length (maximum dimension).
4.4 Reported particle size measurement is a function of both the actual dimension or shape factor, or both, as well as the particular physical or chemical properties of the particle being measured. Caution is required when comparing data from instruments operating on different physical or chemical parameters or with different particle size measurement ranges. Sample acquisition, handling, and preparation can also affect reported particle size results.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of many available techniques for particle size measurement and particle size distribution analysis of solid particulate (powder) materials, off-line in a laboratory. It does not apply to in-line (on-line) analysis, nor to analysis of liquid droplets or liquid aerosols. The guide is intended to serve as a resource for powder/particle technologists in characterizing their materials.
1.2 This guide provides significant detail regarding the numerous particle size analysis methods available. Although this guide is extensive, it may not be all inclusive.
1.3 The principle of operation, range of applicability, specific requirements (if any), and limitations of each of the included particle size analysis techniques are listed and described, so that users of this guide may choose the most useful and most efficient technique for characterizing the particle size distribution of their particular material(s).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2651 − 19
Standard Guide for
1
Powder Particle Size Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2651; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This guide covers the use of many available techniques
B215Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
for particle size measurement and particle size distribution
B330Test Methods for Estimating Average Particle Size of
analysis of solid particulate (powder) materials, off-line in a
Metal Powders and Related Compounds Using Air Per-
laboratory.Itdoesnotapplytoin-line(on-line)analysis,norto
meability
analysis of liquid droplets or liquid aerosols. The guide is
B821Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and
intended to serve as a resource for powder/particle technolo-
Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
gists in characterizing their materials.
B859Practice for De-Agglomeration of Refractory Metal
1.2 This guide provides significant detail regarding the
Powders and Their Compounds Prior to Particle Size
numerous particle size analysis methods available. Although
Analysis
this guide is extensive, it may not be all inclusive.
C322Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
1.3 The principle of operation, range of applicability, spe-
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
cific requirements (if any), and limitations of each of the Sieves
included particle size analysis techniques are listed and
E161Specification for Electroformed Material and Test
described, so that users of this guide may choose the most Sieves
useful and most efficient technique for characterizing the
E1617Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characterization
particle size distribution of their particular material(s). Data
E1638Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods,
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and Screening Media
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E2589Terminology Relating to Nonsieving Methods of
standard.
Powder Characterization
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Terminologies E1638 and E2589.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.1 powder, n—a collection of solid particles that are
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
usually less than 1000µm (1mm) in size.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Significance and Use
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 The myriad array of particle size analysis techniques
available to the modern-day powder technologist is both
dauntingandconfusing.Manyofthetechniquesareapplicable
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E29 on Particle and
Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.02 on
2
Non-Sieving Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2651–13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2651-19. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2651 − 19
only to certain types of materials, and all have limited ranges every increment of the powder must have some probability of
ofapplicabilitywithrespecttopowderparticlesize.Thisguide being selected in the sampling process.The sampling must not
isanattempttodescribeanddefinetheapplicabilityofeachof only be probabilistic, it must also be correct. That means that
the available techniques, so that powder technologists, and every sample increm
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2651 − 13 E2651 − 19
Standard Guide for
1
Powder Particle Size Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2651; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers the use of many available techniques for particle size measurement and particle size distribution analysis
of solid particulate (powder) materials. materials, off-line in a laboratory. It does not apply to in-line (on-line) analysis, nor to
analysis of liquid droplets or liquid aerosols. The guide is intended to serve as a resource for powder/particle technologists in
characterizing their materials.
1.2 This guide provides moresignificant detail regarding the numerous particle size analysis methods listed in Guide available.
E1919, which is a compilation of worldwide published standards relating to particle and spray characterization. Although Guide
Although E1919 and this guide are both extensive, neither is is extensive, it may not be all inclusive.
1.3 The principle of operation, range of applicability, specific requirements (if any), and limitations of each of the included
particle size analysis techniques are listed and described, so that users of this guide may choose the most useful and most efficient
technique for characterizing the particle size distribution of their particular material(s).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B330 Test Methods for Estimating Average Particle Size of Metal Powders and Related Compounds Using Air Permeability
B821 Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
B859 Practice for De-Agglomeration of Refractory Metal Powders and Their Compounds Prior to Particle Size Analysis
C322 Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E161 Specification for Electroformed Material and Test Sieves
E1617 Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characterization Data
E1638 Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media
E1919 Guide for Worldwide Published Standards Relating to Particle and Spray Characterization
E2589 Terminology Relating to Nonsieving Methods of Powder Characterization
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to Terminologies E1638 and E2589.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.02 on
Non-Sieving Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013April 1, 2019. Published November 2013April 2019. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20102013 as
E2651 – 10.E2651 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/E2651-13.10.1520/E2651-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2651 − 19
3.2.1 powder, n—a collection of solid particles that are usually less than 1000 μm (1 mm) in size.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The myriad array of particle size analysis techniques available to the modern-day powd
...
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