ASTM D2370-98(2002)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coatings
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coatings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tensile properties determined by this method are of value in studying the behavior of coatings subjected to environmental stresses, such as those produced by aging and weathering. (See Refs. (1-10).)
Tensile properties may vary with specimen thickness, method of preparation, gage length, rate of load application, tensile tester response, and type of grips used. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elongation, tensile strength, and stiffness (modulus of elasticity) of organic coatings when tested as free films.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
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´1
Designation:D2370–98(Reapproved2002)
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Properties of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
´ NOTE—Footnote 1 was corrected editorially in December 2009.
1. Scope 3.1.1 elongation, n—the increase in specimen length from
the point of initial load application to the point of film rupture
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elon-
in a tension test.
gation, tensile strength, and stiffness (modulus of elasticity) of
3.1.2 gage length, n—the initial length of the test specimen
organic coatings when tested as free films.
between the jaws of the tensile tester.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.3 stiffness (modulus of elasticity), n—the load per unit
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
arearequiredtoelongatethefilm1 %fromthefirstpointinthe
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
stress-strain curve where the slope becomes constant.
and are not considered standard.
3.1.4 stress-strain curve, n—the curve resulting from a plot
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of tensile load against the distance of jaw separation (elonga-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tion of specimen).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.5 tensile strength (nominal), n—the load per original
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
unit area at which a specimen fails or yields in a tension (pull)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
test.
statements are given in Section 7.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Free unsupported films of the materials to be tested are
2.1 ASTM Standards:
prepared.Thetensilepropertiesofthefreefilmsaredetermined
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
by means of a tensile testing apparatus.
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
5. Significance and Use
Sheeting
5.1 Tensile properties determined by this method are of
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
value in studying the behavior of coatings subjected to envi-
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
ronmental stresses, such as those produced by aging and
D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and
3 weathering. (See Refs. (1-10).)
Related Materials
5.2 Tensile properties may vary with specimen thickness,
D4708 Practice for Preparation of Uniform Free Films of
method of preparation, gage length, rate of load application,
Organic Coatings
tensile tester response, and type of grips used. Consequently,
3. Terminology where precise comparative results are desired, these factors
must be carefully controlled.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6. Apparatus
6.1 Equipment for applying films of uniform thickness as
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
described in Practices D823.
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
6.2 Micrometer Film Thickness Gage as described in Test
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published July 2002. Originally
Method D1005.
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D2370 – 98. DOI:
10.1520/D2370-98R02E01. 6.3 Tensile Tester of the constant rate of jaw separation
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
type, equipped with load cells having capacities of 0.2 to 4.4 lb
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this
Withdrawn. standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
D2370–98 (2002)
(100 to 2000 g), and equipped with an indicating device such 11. Procedure
as an electronic constant speed chart recorder, a digital device
11.1 Select a mutually agreed upon gage length in the range
that displays numerical values, or a printer that records the
of 1 to 5 in. (25 to 125 mm).
numerical values.
11.2 Prepare 10 test specimens for each material to be
6.4 Precision Specimen Cutter having a double blade with
evaluated. These specimens should not exhibit any nicks or
a foot to hold the sample in place.
flaws.Measurethethicknessofeachspecimento 60.1mil(2.5
6.5 Alternative Substrates on which test material can be
µm) with a micrometer in accordance with Test Methods
deposited.
D1005, taking five measurements within the gage length area.
6.5.1 Dental Tin Foil, preferably 1 mil (25 µm) thick.
11.3 Set the jaw separation of the tensile tester at the gage
6.5.2 Sheet of FEP (fluorinated ethylene-propylene), pref-
length selected. Place the test specimen in the grips of the
erably 2 mils (50 µm) thick, coated with a dry lubricant.
testing machine, taking care to align the long axis of the
NOTE 1—Other substrates that may be suitable are 10-mil (250-µm)
specimen with an imaginary line joining the points of attach-
thick polyethylene (7), photographic paper (8), polished steel (9), and
ment of the grips to the machine. Tighten the grips evenly and
fluoropolymer coated metal panels.
firmly to the degree necessary to minimize slipping of the
specimen during test.
7. Hazards
NOTE 2—Mounting is facilitated by the use of air activated jaws.
7.1 Mercury—Mercury is a toxic metallic liquid. Its vapors
Line-type jaws will minimize slippage and breakage. The application of
are extremely hazardous. Small amounts of spilled mercury
pressure-sensitive cloth to the ends of the film can improve jaw grip.
can vaporize sufficiently at room temperature to exceed the
threshold limit values (TLV) of the vapor. Use with adequate
11.4 Selectamutuallyagreeduponrateofelongation(strain
ventilation (in a hood) and clean up spills immediately. Wear
rate) that is in the range of 5 to 100 %/min. Set the crosshead
gloves when handling mercury. Keep containers closed. Drop-
speed of the tensile tester to provide this rate for the gage
lets of mercury can be picked up by using a small glass pipet
length chosen.
connected to a suction flask with a rubber hose.
NOTE 3—A rate of elongation should be selected that is optimum for
testing the types of materials to be evaluated. For relatively brittle films,
8. Test Specimens
elongationratesof5to20 %aresuggested.Forrelativelyextensiblefilms,
8.1 The test specimens shall be free films having a width
elongation rates of 50 to 100 % are suggested. (Refer to Test Methods
thatisbetween ⁄2and1in.(13and25mm).Nospecimenshall D882 for relation of elongation rate to elongation at break).
vary by more than 62 % in width along its entire length. The
11.5 Elongate the test specimen until rupture of the film
length shall be at least 2 in. (50 mm) longer than the gage
occurs and evaluate the stress-strain curve as follows:
length selected for the test.
11.5.1 Determine the specimen elongation by measuring the
8.2 Prepare free films by one of the procedures described in
increase in jaw separation from the point of original load
Test Method D4708.
application to the point of rupture.
11.5.2 Measure the tensile pull in pounds (kg) required to
9. Calibration
rupture the film.
9.1 Balance, zero, and calibrate the load weighing and
11.5.3 If stiffness is desired, determine the tensile pull in
recording system of the tensile tester in accordance with
pounds (kg) to elongate the film 1 % from the first point in the
methods specified by the manufacturer.
stress-strain curve where th
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D2370–98(Reapproved2002) Designation: D2370 – 98 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Properties of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
´ NOTE—Footnote 1 was corrected editorially in December 2009.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elongation, tensile strength, and stiffness (modulus of elasticity) of organic
coatings when tested as free films.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and Related Materials
D4708 Practice for Preparation of Uniform Free Films of Organic Coatings
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 elongationelongation, n—the increase in specimen length from the point of initial load application to the point of film
rupture in a tension test.
3.1.2 gage lengthgage length, n—the initial length of the test specimen between the jaws of the tensile tester.
3.1.3 stiffness (modulus of elasticity)stiffness (modulus of elasticity), n—the load per unit area required to elongate the film 1 %
from the first point in the stress-strain curve where the slope becomes constant.
3.1.4 stress-strain curvestress-strain curve, n—the curve resulting from a plot of tensile load against the distance of jaw
separation (elongation of specimen).
3.1.5 tensile strength (nominal)tensile strength (nominal), n—the load per original unit area at which a specimen fails or yields
in a tension (pull) test.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Free unsupported films of the materials to be tested are prepared. The tensile properties of the free films are determined by
means of a tensile testing apparatus.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Tensile properties determined by this method are of value in studying the behavior of coatings subjected to environmental
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
CurrenteditionapprovedDec.July10,1998.2002.PublishedFebruary1999.July2002.Originallyapprovedin1965.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin1998asD2370 – 98.
DOI: 10.1520/D2370-98R02E01.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
D2370 – 98 (2002)
stresses, such as those produced by aging and weathering. (See Refs. (1-10).)
5.2 Tensile properties may vary with specimen thickness, method of preparation, gage length, rate of load application, tensile
testerresponse,andtypeofgripsused.Consequently,whereprecisecomparativeresultsaredesired,thesefactorsmustbecarefully
controlled.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Equipment for applying films of uniform thickness as described in Practices D823.
6.2 Micrometer Film Thickness Gage as described in Test Method D1005.
6.3 Tensile Tester of the constant rate of jaw separation type, equipped with load cells having capacities of 0.2 to 4.4 lb (100
to2000g),andequippedwithanindicatingdevicesuchasanelectronicconstantspeedchartrecorder,adigitaldevicethatdisplays
numerical values, or a printer that records the numerical values.
6.4 Precision Specimen Cutter having a double blade with a foot to hold the sample in place.
6.5 Alternative Substrates on which test material can be deposited.
6.5.1 Dental Tin Foil, preferably 1 mil (25 µm) thick.
7 8
6.5.2 Sheet of FEP (fluorinated ethylene-propylene), preferably 2 mils (50 µm) thick, coated with a dry lubricant.
NOTE 1—Other substrates that may be suitable are 10-mil (250-µm) thick polyethylene (7), photographic paper (8), polished steel (9), and
fluoropolymer coated metal panels.
7. Hazards
7.1 Mercury—Mercury is a toxic metallic liquid. Its vapors are extremely hazardous. Small amounts of spilled mercury can
vaporize sufficiently at room temperature to exceed the threshold limit values (TLV) of the vapor. Use with adequate ventilation
(in a hood) and clean up spills immediately. Wear gloves when handling mercury. Keep containers closed. Droplets of mercury
can be picked up by using a small glass pipet connected to a suction flask with a rubber hose.
8. Test Specimens
8.1 The test specimens shall be free films having a width that is between ⁄2 and 1 in. (13 and 25 mm). No specimen shall vary
by more than 62 % in width along its entire length. The length shall be at least 2 in. (50 mm) longer than the gage length selected
for the test.
8.2 Prepare free films by one of the procedures described in Test Method D4708.
9. Calibration
9.1 Balance, zero, and calibrate the load weighing and recording system of the tensile tester in accordance with methods
specified by the manufacturer.
10. Conditioning
10.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the producer and the user, condition the test specimens for at least 24 h at 73.5 6
3.5°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 % relative humidity and test in the same environment.
11. Procedure
11.1 Select a mutually agreed upon gage length in the range of 1 to 5 in. (25 to 125 mm).
11.2 Prepare 10 test specimens for each material to be evaluated. These specimens should not exhibit any nicks or flaws.
Measure the thickness of each specimen to 60.1 mil (2.5 µm) with a micrometer in accordance with Test Methods D1005, taking
five measurements within the gage length area.
11.3 Set the jaw separation of the tensile tester at the gage length selected. Place the test specimen in the grips of the testing
machine, taking care to align the long axis of the specimen with an imaginary line joining the points of attachment of the grips
to the machine. Tighten the grips evenly and firmly to the degree necessary to minimize slipping of the specimen during test.
NOTE 2—Mounting is facilitated by the use of air activated jaws. Line-type jaws will minimize slippage and breakage. The application of
pressure-sensitive cloth to the ends of the film can improve jaw grip.
Boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
The sole source of supply of the JDC precision cutter known to the committee at this time is the Thwing-Albert Instrument Co., 10960 Dutton Rd., Philadelphia, PA
19154. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at
a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
Dental tin foil is suitable for this purpose.
Teflon FEP2-mil film thickness (Card No. 03111, Item #29499) from E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.,Wilmington, DE 19898, was found suitable for this purpose.
...
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